General yam ntxwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 (luv luv)

XIX xyoo pua muab sawv mus rau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm feemxyuam Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv thiab paj huam. Lawv tej hauj lwm nrawm tsoo rau hauv lub kab lis kev cai ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thiab coj nyob rau hauv nws rightful txoj hauj lwm. Cawv ntawm lawv ua hauj lwm yog qhov raug ntawm ntau sau phau ntawv nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. General yam ntxwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 lawm cov kev kawm ntawm ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib txoj kev tshawb no nyob rau hauv phau ntawv sau nqe lus no. Undoubtedly, cov prerequisites rau xws li ib tug ceev ceev nqa tawm kev cai txheej xwm tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug nom tswv thiab kev lub neej.

zaj dabneeg

Major tiam sis nyob rau hauv kos duab thiab cov ntaub ntawv zoo li tus los ntawm keeb kwm cov txheej xwm. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua pej xeem lub neej nyob rau hauv Russia twb kuj ntsuas, tom ntej no xyoo pua muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb vicissitudes uas tau cuam tshuam tsis tsuas cov kev loj hlob ntxiv ntawm cov haiv neeg thiab kev nom kev tswv, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm tshiab tiam sis thiab qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem.

Tiag tiag li keeb kwm milestones ntawm lub sij hawm no yog tsov rog nrog rau qaib ntxhw, cov ntxeem tau ntawm Napoleon tus pab tub rog, tus txheem txim, lub abolition ntawm serfdom thiab ntau lwm yam txheej xwm. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog reflected nyob rau hauv kos duab thiab kab lis kev cai. General yam ntxwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 yuav tsis ua li cas tsis hais txog cov creation ntawm tshiab stylistic kev cai. Cov ntse heev ntawm cov kos duab qhia yog A. S. Pushkin. Nrog nws ua hauj lwm thiab pib ib tug zoo ib puas xyoo.

txawj lus

Lub ntsiab tshab ntawm tus poj Lavxias teb sab paj huam, yog tus creation ntawm tshiab poetic cov ntaub ntawv, stylistic pab kiag li lawm thiab cim, yav tas los tsis siv thaj av. Pushkin ua tau qhov no yog tau ua tsaug rau lub kev loj hlob thiab kev kawm zoo. Muaj ib hnub nws teem tawm mus cuag tag nrho cov vertices nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv. Thiab nws mus txog rau nws peb caug xya xyoo. Atypical thiab tshiab rau lub sij hawm uas ua rau lub heroes ntawm Pushkin. Cov duab ntawm Tatyana Larina combines cov kev zoo nkauj, txawj ntse thiab nta ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntsuj plig. Qhov no txawj yam nyob rau hauv peb cov ntaub ntawv analogues tsis tau yav tas los.

Teb cov lus nug: "Yuav ua li cas yog cov kev yam ntxwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19?", Ib tug neeg uas muaj tsawg kawg ib tug yooj yim kev txawj ntse ntawm philological, nco ntsoov cov npe xws li Pushkin, Chekhov, Dostoevsky. Tab sis nws yog cov neeg sau ntawm "Evgeniya Onegina" ua ib tug kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv.

Romanticism

Cov tswvyim no hnub rov qab rau lub sab hnub poob medieval epic. Tab sis rau cov XIX xyoo pua nws lawm mas tshiab ntxoov. Originating nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, Romanticism penetrated rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv. Nyob rau hauv prose no yuav mus rau lub pursuit ntawm mystical motifs thiab pej xeem cov legends. Nyob rau hauv cov paj huam yuav tsum havzoov lub siab xav mus txia lub neej rau qhov zoo, thiab lub chanting ntawm lub teb chaws heroes. Lub txheem zog ntawm tus Decembrists thiab lawv tragic kawg tau ua fertile av rau cov paj huam.

General yam ntxwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 twb cim los ntawm romantic mus ob peb vas rau hauv lub lyrics, uas yog heev nyob rau hauv cov kwv huam ntawm Pushkin thiab lwm yam paj huam ntawm nws galaxy.

Raws li rau luag, muaj tshiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm narrative, cov uas yog ib tug zoo heev ib hom ntawv nyeem prominently. Notable piv txwv ntawm romantic prose - thaum ntxov ua hauj lwm Nikolaya Gogolya.

sentimentalism

Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm no sib pib Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. General yam ntxwv ntawm sentimental prose - ib tug sensibility thiab ib tug tseem ceeb nyob rau tus nyeem ntawv lub xaav. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv sentimentalism nkag mus hauv qhov kawg ntawm lub XVIII caug xyoo. Qhov tus tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev lig kev cai nyob rau hauv no ib hom ntawv nyeem los ua Karamzin. Nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua nws muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov thwjtim.

Lub satirical prose

Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no muaj cov satirical thiab journalistic tej hauj lwm. Qhov no sib yuav twb tsis siv feem ntau rau Gogol. Pib nws cov hauj lwm nrog ib tug piav qhia ntawm ib tug me me lub teb chaws, tus sau tom qab tsiv mus rau tag nrho cov-Lavxias teb sab kev yam. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam hnub no, tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi no tswv ntawm satire yog Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. General yam ntxwv ntawm nws prose nyob rau hauv no ib hom ntawv nyeem tsis yog ib tug tseem ceeb saib ntawm lub stupidity thiab cab tus tswv tsev. Satirist "taug kev" nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov feem ntawm cov haiv neeg.

A masterpiece ntawm satirical prose los ua tus tshiab "Golovlevs", nplooj siab mus rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov neeg pluag ntawm sab ntsuj plig tswv tsev ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Tom qab, cov khoom ntawm Saltykov-Shchedrin, raws li zoo raws li ntau lwm cov phau ntawv satirist, los ua tus pib taw tes rau cov emergence ntawm Socialist realism.

muaj tiag tshiab

Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm muaj tiag prose. Romantic hom phiaj tau ua tsis tau tejyam. Muaj yog ib tug yuav tsum tau qhia lub ntiaj teb no txoj kev yog tiag. Dostoevsky tus prose - ib feem ntawm xws li ib tug tshaj plaws li Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. General cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nyuag yog ib daim ntawv teev ib qho tseem ceeb nta ntawm lub sij hawm no thiab cov prerequisites rau cov emergence ntawm ntau yam tshwm sim. Nrog kev xav txog cov muaj tiag prose ntawm Dostoevsky, nws yuav yus raws li nram no: cov dab neeg thiab novels ntawm tus sau yog ib tug cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus rau lub mus ob peb vas uas prevailed nyob rau hauv cov xyoo nyob rau hauv lub zej zog. Depicting nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm prototypes ntawm cov neeg nws paub, nws nrhiav rau qhov chaw nyob thiab daws qhov feem ntau pressing teeb meem ntawm cov haiv neeg nyob rau hauv uas nws txav mus li.

Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub teb chaws qhuas Mikhail Kutuzov, ces romantic Decembrists. Qhov no yog kom meej meej muaj tim khawv los Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm thaum ntxov 19th caug xyoo. General yam ntxwv ntawm lub kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua, haum nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb lo lus. Qhov no kev ntsuam xyuas dua txog qhov tseem ceeb. Mus rau fore tsis txoj hmoo rau lub tag nrho lub teb chaws thiab nws cov neeg tswv cuab. Li no cov tsos nyob rau hauv prose cov duab ntawm "superfluous txiv neej".

pej xeem paj huam

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo thaum lub muaj tiag tshiab coj leading txaus qhia, cov paj huam receded. General yam ntxwv ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 ua rau nws ua tau rau ib txoj lw ib tug ntev txoj kev los ntawm cov dreamy paj huam rau tshiab tseeb. Nyob rau hauv no cua tsim nws ua hauj lwm cov ntse heev Nekrasov. Tab sis nws ua hauj lwm yuav tsis yog yuav ntaus nqi mus rau ib tug ntawm cov uas lwm yam ntawm tus hais tias lub sij hawm. Sau koom nyob rau hauv nws zaj paj huam ob peb lwm yam: lub neeg pluag, heroic, revolutionary.

Kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua

Thaum sunset lub XIX xyoo pua ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau lug nyeem sau phau ntawv los ua Chekhov. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias thaum pib ntawm lub tswv yim txoj kev uas tus txawj sau ntawv critics liam ua txias rau tam sim no kev ntxhais, nws tej hauj lwm tau txais ib qho kev undeniable kev paub. Ntxiv rau tsim cov duab ntawm lub "me txiv neej", tsim ntau Pushkin, Chekhov kawm Lavxias teb sab ntsuj plig. Txawv philosophical thiab kev nom kev tswv lub tswv yim uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub lig XIX xyoo pua, tsis yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau lub neej ntawm cov neeg.

Nyob rau hauv tom qab cov ntaub ntawv twb yeej los ntawm lub revolutionary mus ob peb vas ntawm tus XIX caug xyoo. Ntawm cov sau phau ntawv uas nws ua hauj lwm yog nyob rau hauv lub lem ntawm lub xyoo pua, ib qho ntawm feem koj personalities yog Maxim Gorky.

General yam ntxwv ntawm classical Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 Tsim nyog dua. Txhua loj sawv cev ntawm lub sij hawm no tsim nws artistic ntiaj teb no, lub heroes ua npau suav ntawm lub tsis yooj yim sua, sib ntaus sib tua kev evils, los sis tau ib tug me me qee. Thiab lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm tus sau phau ntawv yog mus raws li lub neej ntawm lub xyoo pua, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nom kev tswv txheej xwm.