Yuav ua li cas rau pa rau cov kab mob? Aerobic thiab co kab mob. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua pa prokaryotes

Yuav luag tag nrho cov uas muaj sia nyob rau lub ntiaj teb yuav tsum tau tus txheej txheem ntawm respiration. Pa yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau oxidizers nyob rau hauv lub ua pa saw ntawm cov tsiaj, nroj tsuag, protists, ntau cov kab mob. Txawm li cas los, tsis yog txhua tus paub yuav ua li cas peb lub cev txawv nyob rau hauv lub complexity ntawm cov qauv ntawm me me hlwb ntawm microorganisms. Cov lus nug tshwm sim: yuav ua li cas rau pa rau cov kab mob? Yog cov qauv ntawm cov muab lub zog los ntawm peb?

Tsis tag nrho cov kab mob ua pa oxygen?

Tsis yog txhua tus paub hais tias cov pa yog tsis ib txwm ib tug tsim nyog tivthaiv nyob rau hauv lub ua pa saw. Nws plays mas lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug electron acceptor, txawm li cas los zoo lub gas yog oxidized thiab reacts nrog cov hydrogen protons. ATP - qhov no yog vim li cas hais tias tag nrho cov uas muaj sia nyob ua pa. Txawm li cas los, muaj ntau hom kab mob ua tsis tau pa, thiab tseem tau ib tug coveted qhov chaw ntawm lub zog li adenosine triphosphate. Yuav ua li cas rau pa rau cov kab mob ntawm hom?

Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua pa nyob rau hauv peb lub cev yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw tshaj ob theem. Tus thawj ntawm cov - co - tsis yuav tsum tau muaj cov pa nyob rau hauv lub cell, thiab nws yuav tsum tsuas yog qhov chaw ntawm carbon thiab hydrogen proton acceptors. Qhov thib ob theem - aerobic - tshwm sim heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov pa thiab yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm phased tshua.

Nyob rau hauv cov kab mob, uas tsis txhob nqus pa thiab tsis txhob siv nws rau kev ua pa tshwm sim xwb co theem. Thaum kawm tiav kab mob kuj yuav tau txais ATP, tab sis tus nqi yog heev txawv los ntawm yam uas peb tau txais tom qab cov zaj uas lub ob ua tsis taus pa theem. Nws hloov tawm hais tias tsis yog txhua txhua tus kab mob ua pa oxygen.

ATP - lub universal qhov chaw ntawm lub zog

Rau ib yam ntawm lub cev nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom lawv livelihoods. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cov evolution mus nrhiav zog qhov chaw uas siv yuav tsum tau muab txaus pab rau lub khiav ntawm tag nrho cov tsim nyog tshua nyob rau hauv lub cell. Thawj tuaj lub fermentation ntawm cov kab mob: qhov thiaj li hu ua kauj ruam ntawm glycolysis los yog co pa theem ntawm prokaryotes. Thiab thaum lub ntau tshaj multicellular kab hloov zuj zuj txhia, los ntawm cov uas, nrog kev koom tes ntawm atmospheric oxygen ua tsis taus pa efficiency ho nce. Yog li ntawd, yog ib tug aerobic theem ntawm cellular respiration.

Yuav ua li cas rau pa rau cov kab mob? Qib 6 lub tsev kawm ntawv cov hoob kawm biology qhia tau hais tias rau tej kab mob nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau txais ib yam kev faib ua feem ntawm lub zog. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cov evolution nws los ua yuav muab cia rau hauv tshwj xeeb tsim rau no molecule hu ua adenosine triphosphate.

ATP yog lub zog-nplua nuj yeeb tshuaj, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov pa roj carbon ntawm lub pentose nplhaib nitrogen puag (adenosine). Depart los ntawm nws phosphate residues ntawm uas yog tsim nyob rau high-zog bonds. Nrog rau cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm ib tug ntawm lawv tso ib tug nruab nrab ntawm txog 40 kJ, thiab ib tug ATP molecule muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm khaws cia ib tug tshaj plaws ntawm peb phosphate residues. Yog li, Yog hais tias decomposes ATP rau ADP (adenoziddifosfat), lub cell tau txais 40 kJ ntawm lub zog thaum lub sij hawm dephosphorylation. Thiab, vice versa, tshwm sim los ntawm ntsev cia ntawm ADP rau ATP zog expenditure.

Glycolysis kab mob cell muab 2 ATP molecule thaum aerobic pa xov kauj ruam yuav muab tau lub cell 36 tam sim ntawd lwg me me ntawm lub substance. Yog li ntawd, cov nqe lus nug "Yuav ua li cas rau pa rau cov kab mob?" Lo lus teb yuav tsum tau muab rau cov nram qab no: lub ua tsis taus pa txheej txheem rau ntau prokaryotes yog lub tsim ntawm ATP tsis muaj cov pa thiab cov nqi.

Yuav ua li cas rau pa rau cov kab mob? hom ntawm kev ua pa

Nrog cov pa tag nrho prokaryotes raug muab faib ua ob peb pab pawg. Cov lawv:

1. Obligate anaerobes.
2. Facultative anaerobes.
3. Obligate aerobes.

Cov thawj pab pawg neeg muaj cov kab mob uas muaj peev xwm tsis nyob rau hauv cov pa tej yam kev mob. O2 rau lawv lom thiab ua rau yus cell tuag. Piv txwv li cov kab mob tej zaum yuav purely symbiotic prokaryotes uas nyob hauv lwm kab mob nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm cov pa.

Qhov thib ob pab pawg neeg muaj cov hom ntawm prokaryotes, uas nquag proliferate thiab loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm cov pa, tab sis ib tug me me feem pua ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam tsis ua rau neeg tuag taus txim. Cov kab mob no yog saprophytes thiab ib co cab.

Yuav ua li cas rau pa rau cov kab mob ntawm peb pab pawg neeg? Cov prokaryotes yog txawv nyob rau hauv hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm tsuas nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm zoo aerosolization. Yog hais tias muaj yog tsis txaus oxygen nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, cov hlwb tuag sai sai, vim hais tias nws tseem ceeb heev ua tsis taus pa O2.

Lub fermentation yog txawv los ntawm ua pa oxygen?

Fermentation nyob rau hauv cov kab mob - nws yog tib yam txheej txheem ntawm glycolysis, uas nyob rau hauv hom sib txawv ntawm prokaryotes yuav muab sib txawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom. Piv txwv li, lub lactic acid fermentation ua rau tsim ntawm ib tug los ntawm-cov khoom ntawm lactic acid, dej fermentation - ethanol thiab carbon dioxide, cov roj-qaub - butyric (butanoic acid), thiab lwm yam ...

Pa ua tsis taus pa - yog ib tug ua kom tiav cov saw ntawm dab pib los ntawm kauj ruam glycolysis tsim pyruvic acid, thiab xaus nrog lub evolution ntawm CO2, H2O thiab lub zog. Tsis ntev los no tshua muab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen.

Yuav ua li cas rau pa rau cov kab mob? Biology (Qib 6) Lub tsev kawm ntawv thaum kawg ntawm Microbiology

Nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv, peb tau muab xwb yooj yim kev txawj ntse ntawm yuav ua li cas cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua pa prokaryotes. Mitochondria los ntawm cov kab mob tsis yog, txawm li cas los, muaj mesosoma - protrusions ntawm lub cytoplasmic membrane mus rau hauv lub cell. Tab sis cov lug tsis ua si rau feem ntau cov tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev ua pa kab mob.

Txij li thaum lub unrest - ib hom ntawm glycolysis, nws yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm ntawm prokaryotes. Muaj kuj yog heev heev enzymes uas yuav tsum tau rau tag nrho lub saw kev tshua. Tag nrho cov, tsis muaj kev zam, cov kab mob thawj ob molecules ntawm pyruvic acid ua raws li ib tug neeg. Thiab ces lawv tig mus rau lwm cov by-khoom, uas yog nyob rau ntawm lub hom fermentation.

xaus

Ntiaj teb prokaryotes, dua li cov khees simplicity ntawm cellular lub koom haum, tas nrho cov nyuab thiab tej zaum inexplicable moments. Tam sim no muaj ib lo lus teb li ua tsis taus pa kab mob ua tau, vim hais tias tsis yog txhua txhua ntawm lawv xav tau oxygen. On qhov tsis tooj, feem ntau tau txais mus siv lwm yam, tsawg tswv yim txoj kev ntawm tau zog - fermentation.