Yuav ua li cas yog lub subnet daim npog qhov ncauj? IP-qhov chaw nyob thiab subnet daim npog qhov ncauj

Raws li koj paub, txhua computer nyob rau hauv lub network txawm nws tej zaum yuav, muaj ib tug numeric chaw nyob hu ua tus IP-qhov chaw nyob. Lawm, nws yog feem ntau yeej muaj tseeb tsuas yog rau cov tes hauj lwm raws li TCP / IP raws tu qauv, txawm li cas los, yog tam sim no yuav luag txhua network raws li nyob rau hauv nws cov hauv paus. Xijpeem, sib nrug los ntawm no qhov chaw nyob, ib tug network workstation muaj ib tug ob peb tsis hais tias muaj kev cuam tshuam nws kev sis raug zoo nrog rau lwm cov pab kiag li lawm. Tus thawj ib tug ntawm lawv yog cov network daim npog qhov ncauj, uas peb yuav npog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

subnet daim npog qhov ncauj, lub rooj vag chaw nyob, thiab ...

Yog hais tias koj sim los tau cov lus qhia txog tam sim no kev twb kev txuas, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus siab rau koj lub computer, cov IP chaw nyob, koj yuav saib tau teb xws li subnet daim npog qhov ncauj, lub neej ntawd rooj vag, raws li zoo raws li ib tug los yog ntau tshaj DNS servers, es, lawv cov chaw nyob. Rau cov uninitiated, tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv sawv cev tsuas ib jumble ntawm tus xov tooj, tab sis, yog hais tias koj npaj yuav kam nrog qhov chaw ntawm lub computer tes hauj lwm raws li TCP / IP raws tu qauv, koj nyob rau cov ntsiab lus uas koj yuav tsum paub ib tug me ntsis ntau.

Ob peb lo lus hais txog tus IP-chaw nyob

Ua ntej peb ntsaub rau hauv lub zoov nuj txeeg thiab piav qhia txog dab tsi ib subnet daim npog qhov ncauj, peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov hais tias nws yog tus IP-qhov chaw nyob yog: Yuav ua li cas rau cov xov tooj muaj nyob rau hauv nws, thiab yog dab tsi tseem ceeb uas lawv yuav siv sij hawm. Nam reservation ib tug taw tes: tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm yuav kam nrog cov IPv4 raws tu qauv, txij li thaum nws yog nws leej twg niaj hnub no tseem yog tus feem ntau "khiav".

Yog li, IP-qhov chaw nyob muaj plaub tus xov tooj, txhua tus uas muaj peev xwm coj ib tug nqi los ntawm xoom 255. Nws yog tsis tsim nyog los ua ib tug xib fwb ntawm kev kawm txog zauv, los xam tau: cia li yuav tau ib tug me ntsis ntau tshaj plaub billion ob peb ua ke. Tej ntaus ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug TCP / IP network muaj ib tug zoo li chaw nyob, tsis hais dab tsi tso cai nws ua - seb nws yog ib tug network tshuab luam ntawv, router, ADSL-router los sis txawj ntse xov tooj mus rau lub network ntaus ntawv yuav tsuas yuav kev cob cog rua yog hais tias nws yuav tsum tau ib tug tshwj xeeb ib theem zuj zus ntawm tag nrho cov tib plaub tug lej tom qab.

Local chaw nyob

Yog hais tias muaj nyob rau hauv koj lub tsev ntau tshaj ib lub computer, tej zaum koj pom tias tag nrho cov chaw nyob muaj ntau npaum li cas nyob rau hauv ntau - feem ntau cov sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog xwb nyob rau hauv lub xeem lej, piv txwv li, yog ib tug ntawm koj lub computer muaj qhov chaw nyob 192.168.1.10, ces tus thib ob yuav yuav 192.168.1.9. Qhov no qhov teeb meem yog heev tej yam ntuj tso rau hauv tsev tes hauj lwm, vim hais tias qhov chaw nyob ntaub ntawv - nrog. Lawv yuav siv los hloov cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv koj lub tsev network, xws li ntawm computers. Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov lub sij hawm thaum koj yuav tau txais cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm hauv Internet?

rooj vag

Ua ntej koj yuav pib mus teb cov lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi ib tug subnet daim npog qhov ncauj, koj yuav tsum kam nrog lwm network tivthaiv - lub rooj vag. Raws li koj paub, mus rau koj lub tsev computer mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb dav Web, nws xav tau ib tug lub rooj vag - ib tug luag hauj lwm nws feem ntau plays yog ib tug router los yog ib tug modem, los yog (yog hais tias tus kev sib tham tsis yog hais txog hauv lub tsev, thiab nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm) neeg rau zaub mov. Thaum koj nug tej web page, koj lub computer lees paub hais tias cov neeg rau zaub mov yog hais tias koj tab tom nrhiav nyob rau hauv koj lub tsev network. Yog hais tias nws yog muaj (piv txwv li, yog tias koj cia tus kawm ntawv nyob rau ib tug ntawm lawv computers), nws yog tsis muaj dab tsi, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, npaum li cas yog tshwm sim - computers tsim kev sib txuas los ntawm ib lub zos network thiab pib kis. Txawm li cas los, Yog hais tias koj sim qhib lub kawm ntawv, nyob rau ntawm ib tug tej thaj chaw deb neeg rau zaub mov, nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub no nws nkag mus rau hauv lub rooj vag.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub subnet daim npog qhov ncauj?

Yog li ntawd peb tau txais mus kaw rau lo lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi lub subnet daim npog qhov ncauj. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog ib tug nyuag txheej txheem cej luam ntawm dab tsi computers yog nyob rau tib network nrog koj, thiab uas yuav tsum tau ib lub rooj vag kev twb kev txuas. Daim npog qhov ncauj - ib tug qauv superimposed on ib tug computer IP-qhov chaw nyob uas nws xav mus cuag. Yog hais tias tus qauv "mus ntseeg nkaws," uas yog tag nrho cov cai, tab sis yog hais tias tsis - qhov kev thov yog xa mus rau tus ntaus ntawv yog sau npe nyob rau hauv lub network raws li lub neej ntawd rooj vag chaw.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub subnet daim npog qhov ncauj?

Yog hais tias koj yog ib tug nruab nrab neeg siv tsev network uas muaj ntau yam computers, uas yog ib lub rooj vag mus rau lub Internet, ces koj subnet daim npog qhov ncauj yog yuav mus zoo li: 255.255.255.0. Cov nuj nqis - qhov thiaj li hu ua subnet daim npog qhov ncauj yog 24, uas hais tias yog hais tias tus thawj peb tug lej tom qab nyob rau hauv lub IP-chaw nyob match nrog koj qhov chaw nyob, nws yuav tsum accessed ncaj qha.

Los ntawm txoj kev, cov piv txwv ntawm 255.255.255.0 yog cov tsuas yog hais tias koj lis txog nrog ib tug yooj yim thiab paub kev khiav hauj lwm systems xws li lub qhov rais. Linux systems raws li nyob rau hauv tib yam, nrog rau cov hais tsis zoo thiab ubiquitous Android, siv ib tug me ntsis txawv mus kom ze nyob rau hauv uas ib tug subnet daim npog qhov ncauj yog muab ib tug ib los yog ob tus lej. Nyob rau hauv lub saum toj no-hais piv txwv, xws tus xov tooj yog 24.

Puas yuav ua tau rau kawm tau subnet daim npog qhov ncauj?

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias qhov no qhov teeb meem yog nyob rau hauv ib tug me ntsis taw tes, cov neeg siv tsis tu tsis tseg rau hais kom nws mus nrhiav xyaw. Txiav txim seb tus subnet daim npog qhov ncauj ntawm tus IP yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua, txij li thaum, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm tsuas yog ib tus IP-qhov chaw nyob, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua hais raws nraim li cas ntawm scale yog lub zos los sis faib network. Tej nyob rau hauv xws li mob yuav pab tau cov lus qhia txog lub rooj vag, piv txwv li, yog tias koj lub computer muaj qhov chaw nyob 192.168.1.2, thiab lub rooj vag - 192.168.0.1, lub subnet daim npog qhov ncauj yuav tsum tau muaj yam tsawg 255.255.0.0, txwv tsis pub lub rooj vag yuav tsum unattainable.

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub IP-qhov chaw nyob thiab subnet daim npog qhov ncauj suab muaj tsis muaj dab tsi ua li cas, los yog es, yuav tsis nrhiav tau ib tug nyob rau hauv lwm. Lub computer network yog tsim nyog los khiav lag luam ob ciaj ciam mus rau tsim ib tug muaj kev vam meej kev twb kev txuas nrog rau kev ntaus ntawv.

Tus nqi uas tsis

Yuav ua li cas yuav tshwm sim yog tias koj ua yuam kev? Raws li qhov tseeb hais tias peb tam sim no paub hais tias xws li ib tug subnet daim npog qhov ncauj, koj yuav hais tseeb: yog hais tias nws yog teem incorrectly, muaj ib tug ntau dua yuav uas koj lub computer yuav raug muab txiav tawm los ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab nraum. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj nkag mus rau raws li ib tug daim npog qhov ncauj 0.0.0.0, lub operating system yuav muab tej IP-qhov chaw nyob ntawm ib lub zos thiab yuav tsis txawm sim siv lub rooj vag uas yuav ua rau koj tsis cov cib fim los sib txuas lus nrog computers nyob sab nraum koj lub zos network.

Yog hais tias peb ua kom lwm tus yuam kev, specifying heev "nyob ze" lub subnet daim npog qhov ncauj, ces koj lub computer yuav pib kev teeb meem twb kev txuas mus rau lub "cov neeg nyob ze" ntawm lub LAN - txawm hais tias koj tig mus rau lub zos IP, subnet daim npog qhov ncauj yuav qhia tau tias nkag rau nws yog ua tau tsuas yog los ntawm lub rooj vag, thiab nws tej zaum yuav ua tog twg los ib tug nce load rau hauv lub network los yog mus rau lub meej unavailability ntawm computers nyob rau hauv "lokalke".

Spellings subnet daim npog qhov ncauj

Txawv operating systems siv kom tsim nyog le caag los lub formulation ntawm lub network daim npog qhov ncauj. Thaum nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais txheem sau ntawv yog pom tias yuav ua tau ib tug hais txog ntawm plaub yim-ntsis xov tooj, thiab lwm yam kev khiav hauj lwm systems, nyob rau hauv particular raws li Unix, rau kev siv cov ntaub ntawv raws li nyob rau hauv specifying tus IP-qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub workstation, raws li zoo raws li tus xov tooj ntawm cov khoom uas yuav tsum nyob twj ywm li qub.

Xav txog ib tug piv txwv. Nrog IP-chaw nyob 192.168.111.222 thiab hais tias nws zoo li qub me me yog 32, peb tau txais cov nram qab no nkag: 192.168.111.222/32. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, qhov no txhais tau tias lub computer yuav siv lub muaj lub rooj vag mus txuas rau ib lub computer uas tsis yog nws tus kheej. Qhov no tshwm sim vim hais tias cov 32 - qhov no yog tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov khoom uas muaj cov IP-qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov plaub version ntawm lub raws tu qauv. Yog hais tias peb xav txog qhov no daim npog qhov ncauj nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau cov lus feem ntau cov neeg raws li ib tug (raws li nyob rau hauv OS lub qhov rais), nws yuav zoo li 255.255.255.255.

Yuav ua li cas hais txog qhov ntau paub version ntawm lub subnet daim npog qhov ncauj, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv feem ntau LANs hauv chav tsev? Cov kev sib tham, ntawm chav kawm, yog ib lo lus nug ntawm 255.255.255.0. Yog hais tias koj ua tib zoo nyeem no tsab xov xwm, ib yam dab tsi hais txog qhov no daim npog qhov ncauj twb hais lus, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm nws tsau khoom yog 24 (t. E. Tus thawj peb tus xov tooj ntawm 8 khoom).

Yog li, nws tseem tau mus nqa tawm ib tug yooj yim cov zajlus kom saw - rau txhua tus tsau tooj ntawm nyiaj rau 8 me me, uas txhais tau tias cov tib yuav tau sau ntawv raws li 255.0.0.0 / 8, raws li nws kaw tsuas yog thawj tus xov tooj.

Raws li rau qhov no intermediate, e.g., 255.255.255.128, lawv me ntsis tob kuj yooj yim rau xam, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, / 25 - 24, thawj peb me me ntawm kaw xov tooj, thiab lwm me ntsis uas faib lub ya los ntawm 0 mus 255 raws nraim nyob rau hauv ib nrab.

Yog hais tias koj xav tau ntau cov kev xaiv thiab piv txwv, koj yeej ib txwm mloog tshwj xeeb qhov chaw. Nyob rau lawv cov nplooj ntawv devoted mus rau lub npe ntawm no tsab xov xwm, muaj ib lub rooj ntawm subnet qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, uas muaj xws li tag nrho cov zoo tau muab tso ua ke ntawm cov sequences.