Yuav ua li cas yog lub plastids hauv ib?

Cov nroj tsuag hlwb txawv los ntawm cov tsiaj txhu? Cov lus teb cov lus dag nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag xim: lawv xim nyob rau cov xim cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub hlwb. Cov pigments noog nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb organelles hu ua plastids.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub plastids hauv ib?

Qhov txawv ntawm cog hlwb los ntawm cov tsiaj yog muaj cov chloroplasts, chromoplasts thiab leucoplasts. Cov organelles yog lub luag hauj lwm rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev khiav dej num, cov uas yog kom meej meej yeej los ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis. Uas xim nyob rau hauv cog plastids lub luag hauj lwm rau lawv cov xim.

Lub cell ntawm tej eucaryotic kab cais uas tsis yog-daim nyias nyias, thiab odnomembrannye dvuhmembrannye organelles. Plastids thiab mitochondria yog qhov tseeb hom cell lug, t. Yuav kom. Lawv yog surrounded los ntawm ob khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov MTC.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub plastid hlwb? hom plastids

1. Chloroplasts. Basic dvuhmembrannye cog ntawm tes organelles lub luag hauj lwm rau photosynthesis. Lawv muaj xws li ib tug thylakoid, uas yog nyob photosynthetic ceg. Thylakoid muaj nuj nqi - kom lub active nto ntawm lub organelle. Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug ntsuab plastid? Nws chloroplasts uas muaj pigments ntsuab - chlorophyll. Muaj ntau ntau pab pawg ntawm cov molecules, txhua yam uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau nws txog kev ua. Nyob rau hauv ntau dua cov nroj tsuag, feem ntau chlorophyll ib tug, uas yog tus acceptor ntawm cov hnub ci zog thaum lub sij hawm photosynthesis.
2. Leucoplasts. Tsis muaj kob plastids uas nqa tawm stocking muaj nuj nqi nyob rau hauv cog hlwb. Tej zaum lawv yuav muaj ib qho lus zoo, los ntawm kheej kheej thiab xov ntxaiv. Leucoplasts feem ntau ntxiv nyob ib ncig ntawm lub cell nucleus, thiab lub tshuab kuaj kab yuav raug kuaj xwb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm loj tus naj npawb ntawm pellets. Nyob ntawm seb qhov xwm ntawm tus tshuaj mus Tshuag peb hom leucoplasts. Amyloplasts pab raws li ib tug receptacle rau lub carbohydrates uas cov nroj tsuag xav kom mus rau ib tug tej yam taw tes. Proteoplasty stockpile txawv proteins. Oleoplasty noog nrog roj thiab Sibhawm, uas yog qhov uas lipids. Hais tias yog dab tsi plastids, uas ua cov kev ua ntawm khaws cia.
3. Chromoplasts. Lub Hom kawg ntawm plastids, uas muaj ib tug yus daj, txiv kab ntxwv los yog txawm liab. Chromoplasts - yog theem kawg nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm chloroplasts qhov twg chlorophyll puas lawm, thiab plastids tsuas yog fat-soluble carotenoids. Chromoplasts yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub petals ntawm paj, siav txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab txawm nyob rau hauv lub yeej ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Lub caij nyoog nqi ntawm cov organelles yog tsis paub raws nraim, tab sis ntseeg hais tias lawv yog cov repository ntawm carotenoids, raws li zoo raws li muab cov nroj tsuag ib lub cev nqaij daim tawv. Qhov no coloration attracts pollinating kab, uas yuav pab cov nroj tsuag muaj me tub.

Leucoplasts thiab chromoplasts tsis muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm photosynthesis. Cov chlorophyll nyob rau hauv cov organelles yog txo los yog zoo, yog li lawv muaj nuj nqi cardinally hloov.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm chloroplasts nyob rau hauv cov kev hloov ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic ntaub ntawv

Yuav ua li cas yog lub plastids? Nws yog tsis tsuas nres tsheb fais hlwb, tiam sis kuj lub cia ntawm lub hlwb caj ntaub ntawv. Nws yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug yeej DNA molecule uas tsa cov qauv ntawm cov nucleoid ntawm prokaryotes. Qhov no ua rau nws tau muaj kev pov plob symbiotic keeb kwm ntawm plastids thaum tus kab mob hlwb yog absorbed los ntawm cog hlwb, poob nws autonomy, tab sis tawm hauv ib co noob.

Chloroplast DNA yog hais txog lub xovtooj ntawm cytoplasmic caj. Nws yog kis tau tsuas yog los ntawm kev pw ua ke hlwb, kev txiav txim poj niam tub los ntxhais. Phev yuav kis tsis tau tus txiv neej DNA ntawm plastids.

Hais tias raws li chloroplasts - ib tug semi-siv yooj yim organelles, ntau proteins uas tsim nyob rau hauv lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, los mus faib cov plastids ntawm nws tus kheej replicated. Txawm li cas los, feem ntau ntawm chloroplast proteins uas tsim, siv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov DNA tub ntxhais. Hais tias yog dab tsi plastids nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm noob caj noob ces thiab molecular biology.

Chloroplasts - hlwb zog chaw nres tsheb

Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub thylakoids ntawm chloroplasts ntau biochemical kev tig cev. Lawv lub ntsiab hauj lwm - ib tug synthesis ntawm piam thaj thiab ATP. Qhov kawg dais nyob rau hauv lawv cov tshuaj bonds ntawm ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm lub zog, uas yog tseem ceeb heev rau lub cell.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub plastids? Qhov no qhov chaw ntawm lub zog nrog rau cov mitochondria. Tus txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis yog muab faib mus rau hauv lub teeb thiab tsaus theem. Thaum lub sij hawm photosynthesis teeb theem no tshwm sim accession phosphate residues rau molecules ntawm ADP thiab cov qhov tso zis cell tau txais ATP.