Yuav ua li cas yog lub colligative zog?

Lub ntsiab - yog homogeneous systems uas comprise ob los yog ntau tshaj lub Cheebtsam, raws li zoo raws li cov khoom uas tau los ntawm lub sis ntawm cov Cheebtsam. Tej zaum lawv yuav nyob rau hauv cov khoom, kua los yog gaseous lub xeev. Xav txog cov kua sau ua ib pawg xeev daws teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj xws li ib tug hnyav thiab ib yam khoom uas yaj nyob rau ntawd (lub xeem tsawg dua).

Colligative zog - lawv cov yam ntxwv yog cov neeg uas yog nyob rau hauv ncaj qha kev faib ua feem xwb ntawm kuab thiab ywm cov tshuaj. Lawv kuj hu ua lub collective los yog qhia. Colligative khoom no muaj nyob rau hauv lub niam, nyob rau hauv uas muaj yog tsis muaj kev sis raug zoo ntawm cov tshuaj xwm ntawm lawv lub Cheebtsam. Ntxiv mus, lub kev sib nrig sib txiav txim ntawm rog nyob nruab nrab ntawm tus hais, thiab hais ntawm hnyav kuab thiab yaj nyob rau ntawd ib yam khoom uas yog nyob rau hauv zoo tagnrho daws teeb meem.

Colligative zog:

1) Lub vapor siab tshaj cov tshuaj tsawg tshaj li tus saum toj no kuab.

2) Crystallization ntawm cov tshuaj no rau ntawm ib tug kub hauv qab no lub crystallization kub ntawm kuab nyob rau hauv ib tug dawb huv daim ntawv.

3) Boil cov tshuaj tshwm sim nyob rau ib tug ntau dua kub tshaj lub kub ntawm lub kuab.

4) Cov tshwm sim ntawm osmosis.

Xav txog colligative zog zuj zus.

Cov equilibrium ntawm lub interface nyob rau hauv ib tug kaw system: cov kua - vapor siab yog yus muaj los ntawm cov nyeem vapors. Txij li thaum nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj rau qhov chaw txheej feem yog lawm ua tus sau nrog tus molecules ntawm lub solute, lub equilibrium yuav tsum mus txog ntawm ib qis nqi ntawm cov chav siab.

Qhov thib ob vaj tse Collegiate - txo crystallization kub li piv nrog rau kuab ntawm cov tshuaj - vim lub fact tias tus hais ntawm lub solute rau tabkaum qhov kev siv ntawm cov muaju thiab li tiv thaiv kom txhob lub crystallization thaum uas tsis muaj kub.

Lub ib kub npau npau taw tes ntawm sib tov yog ntau dua qhov kuab nyob rau hauv ib tug dawb huv daim ntawv no, vim lub fact tias atmospheric siab koob pheej ntawm lawv, thiab cov pa siab yog tiav nyob rau high school kub vim hais tias ib feem ntawm cov kuab molecules txuam nrog tus hais ntawm lub solute.

Plaub colligative zog - qhov tshwm sim ntawm osmosis.

osmosis - lub peev xwm los mus los ntawm qhov kev sib cais kuab uas yog permeable rau tej yam hais (kuab molecule) thiab impermeable mus rau lwm tus (solute molecule). Qhov no muab faib cais cov tshuaj nrog ib tug high school cov ntsiab lus ntawm solute los ntawm qhov tsawg concentrated tshuaj. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm xws li ib tug semipermeable muab faib tau ua raws li ib tug nyias nyias ntawm ib tug nyob ntawm tes, bovine, thiab lwm yam npuas. Osmosis phenomenon tshwm sim los ntawm lub concentration equalization rau ob sab sib cais los ntawm ib tug membrane uas yog thermodynamically ntau paaj rau lub system. Vim xaav ntawm lub kuab nyob rau hauv ib tug tov ntau concentrated nyob rau hauv no ib feem ntawm cov hlab muaj yog ib qho kev nce rau hauv siab. Qhov no ntev li siab tau raug hu osmotic.

Colligative thaj chaw ntawm lub ntsiab uas tsis yog-electrolytes yuav sawv cev lej los ntawm qhov sib npaug:

. Δ BP = Ekip ∙ Saib;

Δ T c. = ∙ Kzam Saib;

π = CRT.

Colligative zog xam rau txawv daws cov teeb meem ntawm electrolytes thiab nonelectrolytes daws teeb meem. Rau cov qub, lawv yog me ntsis ntxiv. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub electrolytic dissociation, thiab tus nqi ntawm hais ho tsub kom.

Colligative zog yog lug siv nyob rau hauv lub tsev thiab nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm, piv txwv li, osmosis yog siv los tsim cov dej ntshiab. Nyob rau hauv muaj sia nyob, muaj ntau yam ntawm lub tshuab yog tseem ua nyob rau hauv lub colligative zog (piv txwv li, ua rau kom nyob rau hauv cog hlwb).