Lub magnetic thaj chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas

Thaum tso rau hauv ib tug sib nqus teb ntawm ib tug kwv, nws "tus cwj pwm" thiab lub hom domestic yam ntxwv hloov yuav yog nyob ntawm seb cov ntaub ntawv uas los ntawm uas tus kwv yog ua. Tag nrho cov paub ntaub ntawv no tau muab faib mus rau hauv tsib lub ntsiab pawg: paramagnetic, ferromagnetic thiab antiferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic thiab diamagnetic. Raws li qhov no faib tawm, txawv magnetic thaj chaw ntawm cov khoom. Yuav kom nrhiav tau tawm yog dab tsi yog muab zais qab cov lus, xav txog txhua pab pawg neeg nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

Tshuaj seeb thaj chaw ntawm paramagnetism, magnetic permeability yus nrog ib tug zoo kos npe rau, tsis hais txog ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov sab nraud magnetic teb nyob rau hauv uas tus kwv puv. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu neeg sawv cev ntawm no pab pawg neeg yog nitric oxide thiab cov pa roj, alkaline-lub ntiaj teb thiab alkaline pab pawg thiab ferrous ntsev.

Lub siab magnetic nyhav zoo cim (1 nce mus txog Zeb.) Xam qhovkev ferromagnets. Yog nyob rau ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm cov sab nraud teb thiab kub nyhav txawv nyias li. Ceeb, txij li thaum lub sij hawm ntawm elementary hais yog txawv sublattices nyob rau hauv cov qauv, tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov caij yog pes tsawg.

Raws li rau lub npe, thiab nyob rau ib co ntawm cov khoom lawv yog ze rau ferromagnetic qhia. Lawv koom siab los ntawm lub siab nyob tos ntawm lub nyhav ntawm lub tshav kub thiab lub teb lub dag lub zog, tab sis muaj cov sib txawv. Lub magnetic moments muab tso rau hauv sublattices atoms yog tsis sib npaug zos rau txhua lwm yam, Txawm li cas los, tsis zoo li lub yav dhau los cov pab pawg neeg, tag nrho cov sij hawm yog nonzero. Substance xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv lub txawj magnetization. Kev sib txuas lus antiparallel sublattices. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu ferrites. Sib Nqus thaj chaw ntawm lub tebchaw ntawm no pab pawg neeg muaj siab, yog li ntawd lawv feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov kos duab.

Ntawm kev txaus siab yog ib pab pawg neeg ntawm antiferromagnets. Thaum cua txias, xws tshuaj hauv qab no ib tug tej yam kub txwv atoms thiab ions yog cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv ib tug siv lead ua ntxaij ntoo qauv lawm hloov lawv magnetic moments, kis protivoparallelnoe orientation. Ib sib txawv kiag li cov txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw los ntawm cua sov tshuaj - nws kaw sib nqus yam ntxwv rau ib pab pawg neeg ntawm paramagnetic tshuaj. Piv txwv li carbonates, oxides, thiab li ntawd.

Thiab thaum kawg, cov diamagnetic. Lub magnetic thaj chaw ntawm tshuaj ntawm no pab pawg neeg tsis yog nyob ntawm seb lub teb siv, thiab ib tus nqi ntawm lub magnetic nyhav yog tsis zoo. Yog hais tias lub tshuaj muaj ib tug covalent daim ntawv cog lus, nws yog ib tug "dawb huv" diamagnetic. Cov neeg sawv cev - kub, tej tooj, inert gases thiab li ntawd.

Lub magnetic thaj chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yog lug siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub siv tshuab. Piv txwv li, lub windings transformer windings txhab rau mos magnetic cov ntaub ntawv. High permeability thiab magnetized rau kev tsuas xyaus, txawm nyob rau hauv qhov uas tsis muaj kev siv, txhais tau hais tias ib tug nqaim hysteresis voj nyob rau hauv lub teeb, raws li zoo raws li me poob rau hauv magnetic reversal uas hais tias lawv nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob engineering. Yog hais tias sib nqus ntawm qhov teeb meem sib haum mus rau qhov muag magnetic khoom, rau cov khoom ua los ntawm nws yus muaj los ntawm ib tug tseem ceeb txaus yog tsuas los ntawm saturation. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, qhov no txhais tau tias ua tau txo qhov loj ntawm lub magnetic Circuit Court, li no kom txhob muaj cov apparatus ceeb thawj. Txawm li cas los, qhov zoo thiab qhov disadvantage lus dag - alternating teb generates eddy currents tej khoom ua cua sov, ces ib tug hais nruab nrab tov yog ua nra hnyav rau tus neeg xyuas pib.

Lwm hom ntawm cov khoom - nyuaj magnetic coercive dag zog yuam uas yog yam tsawg kawg 4000 amperes ib 'meter'. Qhov no txhais tau tias lub sib nqus teb ntawm siab siv, tom qab uas cov khoom khaws sib nqus, ua tsim nyog rau cov magnetization reversal ntawm ib tug mus tas magnet.