Yuav ua li cas yog kev kawm geography ntawm continents thiab oceans? Continents thiab oceans - yog dab tsi?

Yuav ua tau ib tug ntev daim ntawv teev cov yam ntuj tso khoom uas tau ua kev kawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb tej science li geography: continents, dej hiav txwv, lub teb chaws thiab haiv neeg, roob, nras, cov hiav txwv thiab ntau npaum li cas. Nyob rau hauv tib tsab xov xwm tsom heev dua lwm yam rau cov continents thiab dej hiav txwv.

Yuav ua li cas yog kev kawm geography ntawm continents thiab oceans?

Hoob no yog tas tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub thaj departments ntawm classical thiab pedagogical universities. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws yog conventionally muab faib ua peb cov zajlus kom seem:

1. Lub geography ntawm lub sab qaum teb continents.
2. Lub geography ntawm lub yav qab teb continents.
3. Lub geography ntawm lub dej hiav txwv.

Peb kawm hoob no nyob rau hauv nruab nrab lub tsev kawm ntawv (qib 7).

Yuav ua li cas yog kev kawm geography ntawm continents thiab oceans? Science aims yuav tau xav txog lub regional nta ntawm qhov xwm ntawm peb ntiaj chaw. Peb yuav tau tham txog qhov loj tshaj plaws tej yam ntuj tso complexes ntiaj teb - continents thiab dej hiav txwv. Cov no, geographers thiab sim mus nrhiav ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov qauv, tej zaum muab piv rau cov neeg seem ntawm lub ntiaj chaw nto.

Lub geography ntawm continents thiab oceans - nws yog cov kev qhuab qhia uas yog tsis tshua muaj ib qho tseem ceeb rau txoj kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov hluas tiam. Tom qab tag nrho, tsis to taub yog vim li cas cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm tag nrho cov manifold xwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb yuav tsis muaj tej kev kawm ntawv, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb feem ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv.

Continents thiab oceans - loj tej yam ntuj tso systems ntawm cov ntiaj chaw

Continents - qhov no yog dab tsi yog kawm geography ntawm continents thiab oceans nyob rau hauv txhua txhua kev nthuav dav thiab nthuav dav. Nws yog qhov loj tshaj plaws tej yam ntuj tso systems ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, uas yog ib qho zoo heev cov qauv rau kev txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tej yam ntuj tso cai thiab cov txheej txheem uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub thaj hnab ntawv.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib sab av loj? Qhov no yog ib tug lossis loj landmass, ncig rau tag nrho cov sab los ntawm cov dej ntawm lub dej hiav txwv. Rau continents ntawm cov ntiaj chaw sawv tawm (nyob rau hauv ib co xeev - 5 los yog 7). Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov cheeb tsam - Eurasia, thiab qhov tsawg tshaj plaws - Australia.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias lub teb chaws thiab dej hiav txwv faib nyob rau qhov chaw ntawm cov ntiaj chaw lub ntiaj teb yog tsis tshua muaj sis tsis ncaj (kwv yees li 30% mus rau 70%). Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb Hemisphere av feem pua yog ntau ntau, tab sis nyob rau hauv sab qab teb - sab qab teb ntawm 50 degrees nws yog suab tsis (nrog rau cov kev zam ntawm me me Islands tuaj thiab archipelagos).

Tag nrho cov continents yog sib cais los ntawm loj heev tracts ntawm dej hiav txwv. Tag nrho tsib ntawm lawv nyob rau lub ntiaj chaw (tej zaum ntseeg tau hais tias muaj tsuas yog plaub): Pacific (qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab deepest ntawm tag nrho cov dej hiav txwv), lub Atlantic (lub troubled) Indian (lub sov thiab qab ntsev), Arctic thiab yav qab teb. Lub hav zoov ntawm lub xeem dej hiav txwv cia li ua rau ntau controversy cov kws tshawb fawb.

Algorithms kev tshawb no ntawm continents thiab oceans

Continents thiab dej hiav txwv, lawv qhov kev tshawb Regional Geography ntawm ib tug ntshiab lub tswv yim. Piv txwv li, ib txoj kev kawm thiab piav qhia txog lub teb chaws muaj xws li cov nram qab no cov khoom:

• thaj teeb meem ntawm lub loj;
• qhov xwm ntawm tus coastline, xws li cov huab point ntawm lub teb chaws;
• geological qauv thiab topography ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev;
• minerals av loj subsoil;
• climatic nta;
• nto dej (dej ntws, pas dej, dej khov, etc ...);
• tej yam ntuj tso zoning.

Nyob rau hauv lem, lub oceans yog kawm nyob rau hauv lub lwm txoj kev npaj, uas muaj xws li cov nram qab no cov khoom:

• thaj chaw;
• hauv qab nyem thiab mineral kev pab;
• kev nyab xeeb tshaj rau hauv lub hiav txwv;
• system ntawm dej hiav txwv currents;
• organic ntiaj teb no dej hiav txwv;
• tshwj xeeb economic siv dej qhov chaw.

Nyob rau hauv xaus ...

Tam sim no koj paub tias kawm geography ntawm continents thiab dej hiav txwv. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm lub ntsiab kev kawm, uas yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws uas qhia zaum thiab geographers thiab cov xib fwb. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev qhuab qhia - saib tseem ceeb nta thiab cov kev cai ntawm qhov xwm ntawm tag nrho cov continents thiab oceans rau peb ntiaj chaw.