Yuav ua li cas yog fiber? Hom thiab lub hauv paus pib

Tus thawj lub tswv yim dab tsi lub fiber, peb tau txais rov qab rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv txog biology qhia. Nyob rau hauv ib tug broad kev txiav txim zoo, hnov ntau general xwm nrog hwm rau hauv kev, cov tswvyim no yog hais tias cov chav kawm ntawv uas muaj ntaub ntawv muaj filaments los yog hlwb.

Nqaij fiber - yog ib tug yam ntxwv chav tsev ntawm nqaij, uas yog ib tug multi-core cell, uas muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm lwm lub hlwb uas tej zaum yuav cog, tsiaj, mineral los yog hluavtaws keeb kwm.

Tseem los ntawm lub qub Slavonic

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lo lus "fiber" txuas nrog Laus Slavonic "vlakno". Lo lus no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Bulgarian, Czech, Slovak, Serbian. Nrog ib tug me ntsis phonetic txawv yog pom nyob rau hauv lub Polish - wlOkno. Muaj yog ib yam tswvyim nyob rau hauv lub ancient Indian: valkas, uas txhais tau tias "tawv".

Nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus nyob rau hauv lub lexical unit tau hloov raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cim: OLO-LA. Txij li thaum lub "fiber" - ib tug phau ntawv txhais lus lo lus, nws sau rau nco ntsoov.

Yuav kom tau txais ib lub tswv yim dab tsi lub fiber li cov ntaub ntawv uas faib tawm, ib tug los ze zog saib lawv views.

Paj Rwb thiab bast

Fibers ntawm zaub keeb kwm xws li paj rwb thiab bast. Nyias paj rwb xov coated nrog paj rwb noob. Lawv muaj xws li mas (94%) ntawm cov cellulose, tseem yuav tshuav tau dej, pectin, fatty, waxy, tshauv tshuaj (mineral zaub mov ntsiab coj los ntawm cov av los ntawm cov nroj tsuag).

Yuav kom to taub dab tsi yog qhov keeb kwm ntawm lub paj rwb fiber, nws yog ua tau, xav tias lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuab kuaj kab mob. Peb yuav pom ib tug ca coiled ribbon nrog tubules sau nrog huab cua.

Cov yarns yog hygroscopic, Thaum tshav kub kub resistant, muaj siab durability nrog hwm rau alkalis. Yog hais tias lub paj rwb mus hlawv, nws tsw ntawm burnt ntawv.

Yuav kom qhov tsis zoo qualities muaj xws li tsis muaj elasticity thiab tsis khov rau acids.

Bast fibers tau los ntawm flax kav. Lawv elongated nyob rau hauv ntev hlwb nrog taw xaus. Nyob rau hauv tus ntoo khaub lig-section muaj tus duab ntawm ib tug pentagon. Ib tug ntau dua feem pua muaj pes tsawg leeg - cellulose (80%) thiab tshuav feem pua poob rau roj, coloring, waxy mineral impurities thiab lignin. Lub xub ntiag ntawm lignin imparts nce lub zog. Lub siab thermal conductivity ua rau cov linen yog yeej ib txwm txias mus rau lub kov.

Fibers ntawm cov tsiaj keeb kwm

Tshis, yaj, camel lawm, thiab lwm yam cov plaub hau thiab tej yam ntuj tso txhob lo lo ntxhuav fibers yog tsiaj, muaj raws ntawm peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg: tus txheej flake, thawj cortical txheej thiab cov tub ntxhais, uas yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub filament.

Muaj 4 yam ntawm wool fibers:

• crimped nyias - fluff;
• intermediate plaub hau - ib tug ntoo khaub lig ntawm ib tug txha nqaj qaum thiab cia;
• ntxhib thiab me ntsis crimped - nqaj qaum;
• luv luv-nkig fiber - tuag cov plaub hau.

Nyob ntawm seb lub hom thiab hom ntawm cov xov paub qhov txawv wool los ntawm nyias, uas yog siv rau kev ua siab zoo wool cov khoom, los ntxhib, siv rau cov uas ua daim ntaub thiab tau xav. Ntaub plaub tsiaj yog tau khaws thaum tshav kub kub thiab yog hygroscopic. Thaum nws zoo nkaus li hlawv tsis hnov tsw ntawm burnt plaub.

Qhov yooj yim tej yam ntuj tso fibers - txhob lo lo ntxhuav. Tau nws los ntawm qhov cocoon ntawm silkworm kab lia.

Ob tug cov nqaijrog - fibroin thiab sericin - yog ib feem ntawm lub cocoon thread. Ntuj txhob lo lo ntxhuav xam qhovkev softness, smoothness, siab hygroscopicity, tsis tshua muaj creasing. Tsis zoo yog siab twisted xov shrinkage thiab tsawg tshav kub tsis kam. Txhob lo lo ntxhuav yog ib tug tseem ceeb raw khoom rau qhov siv thiab ua lub teeb lub caij ntuj sov cov khaub ncaws.

hluavtaws xov

Yuav ua li cas yog fiber hluavtaws keeb kwm, yuav tsum to taub los ntawm tshuaj ntsuam lawv qhov. Lawv yog ua los ntawm tshuaj synthesis ntawm monomers, i.e. tsawg molecular yuag tshuaj. Qhov no ua hluavtaws polymers. Cov raw khoom rau nylon, Dacron, acrylic, crimplene, txhob lo lo ntxhuav acetate yog cov khoom los ntawm cov kev ntawm cov thee, roj thiab cov nkev. Cov fiber yarns muaj siab zog, uas tsis muaj shrinkage thiab wrinkling, txawm li cas los, yog tsis hygroscopic.

Ib tug ntau yam ntawm polymer zog, tau mus txawv lawv, raws li tau zoo raws li nyob rau ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv yog incentives rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom cua fibers ntau lawm.

tshuaj fibers

Lawv tau los ntawm cov zauv xws hluavtaws tshuaj xws li polyamides, polyesters thiab tej yam ntuj tso ntaub ntawv: cellulose, cov nqaijrog, casein, thiab lwm tus neeg. Cov raw khoom rau cov fibers yog paj rwb pov tseg, ntau yam co, iav, roj khoom, thee.

Rayon yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj fibers tshuaj paus chiv keeb, txais scale muaj ntau lawm. Nws yog tau los ntawm kws kho ntoo sis plawv hniav nrog tshuaj.

Ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab tsis zoo ntawm cov viscose fiber yog ib tug siab creasing. Yuav kom txo tau qhov no zoo nws yog raug mus rau ib tug tshuaj cov kev hloov kho. Cov no ib tug polynosic fiber, li ntev staple paj rwb.