Vladimir Odoyevski: Tej hauj lwm los ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem, lawv poetics

Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem los khaws cia rau xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv lub npe ntawm ntau feemxyuam paj huam thiab sau ntawv. Odoevskogo xwb - ib tug ntawm lawv - yog paj tam sim no. Nws fairy tales, ib tug utopian tshiab "4338 lub xyoo: St. Petersburg tsab ntawv," sau "Lavxias teb sab Nights" yuav tau los sib tham nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.

periodization ntawm creativity

txawj sau ntawv ua hauj lwm yog faib conditionally rau hauv peb lub sij hawm - nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw uas tsim Odoyevski ua hauj lwm. Tus thawj "Moscow" theem cim los ntawm nws kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub voj voog "Lyubomudry" thiab kuaj ntawm tus cwj mem. Ib zaug nyob rau 1826 Odoyevski tsiv mus rau St. Petersburg, nws pib ib tug tshiab lub sij hawm ntawm nws ua hauj lwm, heev fruitful. Tus kws sau ntawv tau luam tawm ob peb collections ntawm tales, uas yuav tsum tau txaus siab rau kev nyeem ntawv txawm tam sim no, tom qab yuav luag 200 xyoo. Qhov thib ob "Moscow" theem yog cim los ntawm cov creation ntawm Odoyevsky "Lavxias teb sab Nights" - nws zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm, thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag.

"Muaj yeeb yuj Fairytales"

Odoyevski lawv tej hauj lwm feem ntau yog cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv loops. Yog li ntawd, tsim ib tug "motley Tales", tus kws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus rau ib tug sau ntawm "Madhouse", nplooj siab mus rau lub ntsiab ntawm ci ntsa iab kev chim. Lub nyiam cyclization yuav tau piav los ntawm ib co ntau dab xam qhovkev Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm cov sij hawm. Ces, nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 30s, nyob rau hauv lub teeb mus tawm "Belkin" thiab "yav tsaus ntuj rau ib tug ua liaj ua teb nyob ze Dikanka", uas muaj tsis muaj dab tsi lwm yam tshaj li ib lub voj voog. Orientation rau Pushkin ua thiab complex narrative system "motley fairy tales." Abstract Odoevskogo rau cov khoom (los yog ib tug phau) qhia txog tus daim duab ntawm lub cev - Irenaeus Modestovich Gomozeyko. Tsis zoo li inclusive Ivan Petrovich Belkin, lub cev nyob rau hauv "motley tales" yog cov lus hais ntawv nta. Tom qab, nws yuav sim nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug "txawj muab ob npaug rau", sawv cev ntawm leej twg cov txawj sau ntawv yuav ua ib tug sib tham nrog tus tau txais tog - tus nyeem ntawv.

Riddle "lub zos nyob rau hauv snuffbox"

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, cov kws ntawv yog ib tug tho kev nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawv fairy tales, npaj yuav tsum tau nyeem nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw tus me nyuam. Nyob rau hauv 1834, muaj yog tej zaum cov feem ntau nto moo ua hauj lwm Odoevskogo - "lub zos nyob rau hauv snuffbox". Cov zajlus yog yooj yim: Dad qhia tau hais tias tus tub hluas Misha music box, ib tug snuffbox. Tub xav paub yuav ua li cas nws ua hauj lwm, ntaus nws (nws, ntawm txoj kev, nws yog ua tau, thaum ib tug txiv neej lures ib tug me nyuam tub-box ntiv tes). Michael tau ntsib nrog cov pej xeem hauv lub zos - hammers thiab neeb - thiab sawv kom to taub lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam ntawm lub mas yuav kis tau gizmos. Nrog rau tag nrho ntawm nws tus kheej artistic hauj lwm zoo raws li ib qho kev nthuav taleas kev vam meej ua ke nrog cov kev kawm ntawv pathos thiab tseeb. Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm - mus hais tau tus nyeem ntawv hais tias tus me nyuam yuav tsum kawm kom xav hais tias, rau kev tsom xam, nws yog tsim nyog los qhia ib tug me nyuam ntawm nws txoj kev xav rau kev txawj ntse.

"Lavxias teb sab Nights"

Ib hom ntawv nyeem luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1844, "Lavxias teb sab Nights" yog heev yooj yim mus txheeb xyuas. Feem ntau qhov no ua hauj lwm Odoevskogo txhais raws li ib tug sau ntawm cov khoom coj tus kheej lub philosophical cim. Lawv tag nrho li nws lub tswv yim ntawm lub cev hloov hlo ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, txoj kev uas nyob rau hauv uas Russia muaj mus. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov ntawv ntawm "Lavxias teb sab Nights" twb preceded by deepening Odoevskogo lub mysteries ntawm lub caij nyoog sciences - kev kawm txog zauv, physiology thiab psychology li zoo li philosophy.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov txawj sau ntawv tseem muaj tseeb paub ntawm kev hais lus. Zoo li Voltaire, nws txo nws hwj cov tswv yim rau hauv succinct dluab philosophicity hides nthuav zajlus. Yog li ntawd Odoyevski tsev ua hauj lwm thoob plaws hauv lub tswv yim. Cov zajlus revolves nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tug sau ntawm ob peb cov neeg hluas uas yuav muaj ib tug kev sib nrig sib phooj ywg, hu ua Faust. Muaj lawv sib tham txog lub keeb kwm, ua kom to taub cov kev cai ntawm kev sib raug hav zoov, thiab kom penetrate lub secrets ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog distinguished los ntawm intellectualism, uas nce mus txog ib tug tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov lus piav qhia ntawm lub tswv yim txoj kev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, los ntawm Odoyevsky txaus siab rau cov kev ua ntawm ib tug meta-cov lus: kos duab rau ntawm zaj dab neeg hais txog art. Yog li, lub Lavxias teb sab kws uas sau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem yog kuj ceeb tias nyob ze rau qhov tom qab kev ntawm tus sau phau ntawv ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua (lub ntsiab lus feem ntau kev txawj ntse novels ntawm Thomas Mann).

Dialogism "Lavxias teb sab Nights" - uas yog dab tsi daig Odoyevski. Cov hauj lwm uas muab tso rau hauv tus sau, raws li yog hais ntshai yuav muab ib tug tseem teb los teev cov i. Es tsis txhob, tus nyeem ntawv yog npaj txhij mus nkag rau hauv speculation, xav. Qhov no "Lavxias teb sab Nights" nyob ze rau qhov tej hauj lwm ntawm lwm cov neeg sau ntawv - Herzen thiab Belinsky - heev poob nthav, kuv yuav tsum hais tias, muab qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv lawv cov zoo nkauj orientation.

"4338 lub xyoo" raws li ib tug utopian tshiab

Ob tug centuries dhau los ib tug comet Biely ua ib tug ntau ntawm cov suab nrov. Nws twb ntseeg tau tias tom qab ib tug thaum nws yuav fim txawm nrog tus nto ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Ib txhia tej hauj lwm Odoevskogo reflected no "kawm ntawm ib tug comet," ntawm lawv - lub utopian tshiab "4338 lub xyoo: St. Petersburg tsab ntawv," uas, Tu siab, twb tshuav tsis tiav. Tus sau cim lub ntiaj teb no los ntawm xyoo 2500, thaum txoj kev loj hlob ntawm noob neej yuav pab kom txuag lub ntiaj teb los ntawm cov tab tom yuav comet. Cov khoom no muaj cov lub prognostic nta ntawm cov ntawv tseeb thiab utopian tshiab; tus sau kwv yees yav tom ntej tsos ntawm ntau inventions, xws li hauv Internet. Txawm li cas los, haiv neeg yog portrayed tsis zoo li li no mas: lub puas tau-ua yoj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis tseg rau cov tib neeg lub hlwb reserves. Utopia puv mus rau hauv ib tug dystopia, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua kom paub qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau tom qab sau (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub "Nroog tsis muaj ib tug lub npe").