Yuav ua li cas yog embryonic induction? Kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev sim embryology

Embryonic induction yog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sis raug zoo embryonic qhov chaw, nyob rau ib feem influences txoj hmoo ntawm lwm cov. Qhov no yog hais txog lub sim embryology.

Cov tsab xov xwm no mob siab rau ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab complex cov teeb meem ntawm no science: "Yuav ua li cas koj txhais li cas embryonic induction?"

Ib me ntsis keeb kwm

Cov tshwm sim ntawm embryonic induction twb tshwm sim nyob 1901 los ntawm German zaum xws li cov Hans Spemann thiab Hilde Mangold. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem no yog kawm los ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm lub lens nyob rau hauv amphibians, uas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug embryonic lub xeev. Keeb kwm muaj ntau yam piv txwv thiab thwmsim rau hauv kev kawm, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb xav ntawm Spemann.

hypothesis

Raws li hais ua ntej lawm, embryonic induction - yog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sis raug zoo ntawm cov embryo. Yog li ntawd, raws li cov kev xav, muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm hlwb uas ua rau lwm tus cell li organizers, provoking hloov nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ntau kom meej meej piv txwv li no tus txheej txheem, tus zaum nyob rau hauv lub 20s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo ua ib tug series ntawm thwmsim, uas piav qhia txog nyob rau hauv ntau yam hauv qab no.

Xyaum ua tej yam Hans Spemann

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm nws thwmsim, Dr. Spemann qhia ib tug qauv uas txoj kev loj hlob yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv nruj dependence ntawm ib tug hloov los ntawm lwm tus. Lub xyaum ua tej yam twb ua rau Triton. Spemann transplanted los ntawm sab nraum qab ntawm lub embryo mus rau hauv lub plab kab noj hniav ntawm lwm di ncauj feem ntawm lub blastopore. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas tus transplanted khoom hauv nrog cev, pib tsim ntawm ib tug tshiab embryo. Feem ntau mob plab yeej tsis neural raj.

Based on kev, tus kws kho mob xaus lus hais tias muaj organizers uas cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntxiv ntawm tus kab mob. Txawm li cas los, cov organizers yuav muab ib tug pib xwb, yog hais tias lub hlwb yog competent. Ua li cas nws txhais li cas? Nyob rau hauv lub tsis txawj txaus yog hais txog mus rau lub peev xwm ntawm lub embryonic khoom mus rau hloov nws presumptive hmoo nyob rau hauv tus ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm influences. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm induction kev sib tshuam nyob rau hauv ntau hom chordates, tus neeg tshawb fawb xaus lus tias cov cheeb tsam ntawm tsis txawj txaus thiab cov nqe lus ntawm ntau kab mob ntau ntau tus neeg nta. Uas yog, cov organizers ntawm lub ua, yog hais tias tus cell yog mus xeem tau tus inductor, tab sis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kab mob ib tug txheej txheem tshwm sim nyob rau ntau txoj kev.

Peb xaus hais tias cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev - yog ib cov saw txheej txheem, tsis muaj ib tug cell yuav tsis tsim lwm. Embryonic induction maj sij morphogenesis thiab ntau yam ntawm cov kabmob. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev no yog lub hauv paus rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lwm cov tsos ntawm cov tsim neeg.

Kev tshawb fawb Hilde Mangold

Kuv yog ib tug kawm tiav me nyuam kawm ntawv Hans Spemann - Hilde Mangold. Nrog tsab dexterity, nws muaj peev xwm mus nqa tawm txoj series ntawm thwmsim nrog me me Triton embryos (1.5 hli nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla). Nkauj nraug kab los ntawm ib tug me me daim ntaub, nws yog transplanted mus rau lub embryo ntawm lwm hom. Ntxiv mus, nws tau xaiv los hloov embryo khej, qhov twg tsim ntawm hlwb los ntawm uas tom qab yuav tsum tau muab tsim kab khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Embryo hloov rau nws ib feem ntawm lwm embryo txuas ntxiv mus tsim ntse. Ib tug grafted ib daim ntawm daim ntaub muab sawv mus rau ib tug tshiab lub cev, muab tej txiaj ntsim nrog rau tom qab, tus txha nqaj, plab mog thiab lub taub hau.

Yuav ua li cas tseem ceeb tau ua thwmsim? Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm lawv lub neej Mangold muaj pov thawj hais tias embryonic induction. Qhov no yog tau vim tias ib tug me me seem muaj cov cim zog, nws lub npe hu ua los ntawm lub organizer.

induction hom

Nws muaj ob hom: heteronomous homonomous induction thiab induction. Yuav ua li cas yog nws thiab dab tsi yog qhov txawv? Tus thawj hom - ib tug txheej txheem nyob rau hauv uas lub transplanted hlwb yuav tsum tau muab reconstructed nyob rau hauv lub dav dav atherosclerosis, uas yog, nws muab yug mus rau ib co tshiab lub cev. Ob txhais provokes ib tug kev hloov ntawm lwm tus lub hlwb. Khoom induces txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev coj.

Cov yooj yim cellular dab

Rau ntau dua clarity, saib nram qab no. Peb muab nws ib qho piv txwv los qhia txog cov yooj yim cellular kev ntawm embryonic induction.

Lub manifestation ntawm no phenomenon nyob rau hauv ntau yam ua sawv ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug kab mob. Tam sim no, embryonic induction tau raug kawm feem.