Lub nyem ntawm qhov Atlantic dej hiav txwv pem teb. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov nyem ntawm qhov Atlantic dej hiav txwv pem teb

Cia peb xav txog nyob rau hauv kom meej lub nyem ntawm qhov Atlantic dej hiav txwv pem teb. No lub ntsiab yog nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw yog hais superficially. Yog li ntawd yam rau ntau yog cov lus nug: "Kuv yuav nrhiav ib tug piav qhia ntawm lub Atlantic dej hiav txwv?" Tej zaum nws yuav tsum tau ib txhij txhua txoj kev tshawb no ntawm no. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb tau sim ntau li ntau tau qhia qhov teeb meem.

Txij li thaum piav hauv qab topography ntawm lub Atlantic dej hiav txwv, peb nco ntsoov tias lub Mid-Atlantic Ridge - nws cov ntsiab orographic caij. Raws li cov cheeb tsam uas nws yog tsuas yog me ntsis tsawg tshaj li tus seafloor (24.6% thiab 37,6% feem). Tag nrho cov dej hiav txwv caj uas faib ua ob qhov chaw. Lawv yog hais txog sib npaug zos nyob rau hauv loj. General ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub Atlantic dej hiav txwv, raws li zoo raws li kev paub ntawm geography yuav tso cai rau koj kom to taub dab tsi yog num nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav zoo dua sawv cev rau qhov chaw ntawm lub hiav txwv uas peb xav, peb xav kom paub nrog daim card.

Mus rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub median caj

Newfoundland caj nyob sab hnub poob ntawm lub mid-dej hiav txwv caj. Toj siab ntawm Rio Grande, raising Ceará, Ridge barracuda thiab cov Bermuda toj siab, raws li tau zoo raws li qhov ntawm lub Mid-Atlantic Ridge thiab continental paj tau paj nyob rau hauv dej, faib lub sab hnub poob ib nrab ntawm cov dej hiav txwv pem teb rau Argentina, Brazil, Guiana (lub Nkws yas teb), North American, Newfoundland thiab Labrador Phiab . Norwegian-Greenland Phiab thiab Baffin Hiav txwv yog feem ntau yog raws li ib feem ntawm ib tug txawv oceans - lub Arctic.

Labrador thiab Newfoundland Phiab

Peb mus txuas ntxiv rau zaj dab neeg uas yog ib tug nyem ntawm qhov Atlantic dej hiav txwv pem teb. Piav mentsis txog tus ob tug basins - Newfoundland thiab Labrador (lub siab tshaj plaws qhov tob ntawm lub xeem - 5160 meters). Lawv, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, roos ib chav tsev xwb. Feem ntau ntawm lawv occupies lub tiaj abyssal dawb. Nyob rau hauv sub meridian kev taw qhia nws crosses tus abyssal hav Hazen. Newfoundland Phiab shielded los ntawm sab qab teb ntug ntawm lub tib lub npe. Nws yog, raws li qhia los ntawm lub ntau yam seismic acoustic txoj kev tshawb no yog tsub zuj zuj ntawm ib tug loj heev daim ntawv no, uas yog txuam nrog lub zog ntawm sib sib zog nqus hiav txwv dej tsaws ntxhee sedimentary khoom.

North American basins, Guiana thiab Ceará

North American Phiab - qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws basins uas kos tus cim rau nyem ntawm qhov Atlantic dej hiav txwv pem teb. Ib tug nyuag hauj lwm ntawd yuav mus ntxiv peb zaj dabneeg. Qhov loj tshaj qhov tob ntawm lub phiab yog 7110 meters. Bermuda toj siab yog nyob yuav luag nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub sab qaum teb yog ib feem. Nws kuj tseem ceeb volcanic massif Kaum (txwv tsis pub hu ua lub angular lifting) thiab Mount Kelvin. Laim ntoom abyssal tiaj extends ntawm Bermuda ib lub toj siab mus rau sab qab teb. Nyob rau periphery ntawm lub phiab yog ca abyssal nras Nares, Hatteras thiab catfish. North American Phiab bordered los ntawm sab qab teb sab hnub poob-los ntawm cov Blake-Bahama Ridge, raws li zoo raws li lwm Antilles ncej. Xeem ncua raws Puerto Rico Trench. Nws cais, nrog blocky caj barracuda, nyob rau nws cov sequel, lub Guiana phiab los ntawm North American. Inflow terrigene sedimentary khoom muab ze li ntawm universal txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tiaj abyssal nras hu ua dawb Demerara hauv hollow Guiana. Guiana Phiab muaj ib tug tshaj plaws tob ntawm 5109 meters nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab, uas yog yus mas cuam kawb. Me-sized lifting Ceará nyuab los ntawm underwater volcanoes, nws yog sib cais los ntawm lub phiab ntawm Ceará. Qhov loj tshaj qhov tob yog 4700 meters kawg. Lub hauv qab ntawm lub phiab yog nyob los ntawm cov tiaj tiaj ntawm lub tib lub npe. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg lwm 2 abyssal nram hav. Qhov no yog qus, uas incision tob nce mus txog 250 meters (txuas Guiana thiab North American basins) thiab Pernambuco (txuas lub Brazilian thiab Guiana Phiab).

Brazilian phiab

Qhov loj tshaj plaws phiab nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob ib feem ntawm lub hiav txwv - Brazil. Ntawm no, cov nyem ntawm qhov Atlantic dej hiav txwv pem teb feem ntau cuam kawb. Nyob rau ntawm lub tiaj Pernambuco, ib tug me me rau thaj tsam ntawm lub phiab, nws yog laim ntoom. Submarine volcanoes yog plurality nyob rau hauv Brazilian phiab. Ib txhia sawv saum toj no hiav txwv theem, txoj kev ua ib tug volcanic kob (Martin koj, Trinidad, Fernando de Noronha). Latitudinal aav txhaum qhov chaw yog raug seamounts.

Brazilian Phiab yog cais los ntawm sab qab teb toj siab ntawm lub Rio Grande los ntawm lub Argentine. Heev nyuab struts ntawm lub toj siab. Cov seamounts sawv saum toj no rau hauv toj siab zoo li chaw.

Eastern ib feem muaj hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib caj, ib tug nqaim, pav ca-topped. Nws stretches nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog nruab nrab kev taw qhia. Nruab nrab ntawm lub continental paj tau paj ntawm South America thiab hauv toj siab sau Wim - abyssal hav los ntawm kev uas cov dej ntws los ntawm cov hauv qab ntawm Argentina nyob rau hauv lub Brazilian phiab. Ib tug tseem ceeb feem ntawm lub qab ntawm lub Argentine yuav siv sij hawm undulating dawb. Pav ca, nqaim abyssal dawb yog nyob rau lub sab hnub poob ntug ntawm lub phiab thiab yog nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb ib feem ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws accumulative U-puab - ib tug caj Sapiola. Nws tsim yog txuam nrog nqa nefeloidov thiab hauv qab txo tshaj lub Antarctic. Nyob rau hauv lub Argentine phiab loj seamounts yog tsis muaj, txawm li cas los, seismic acoustic profiles qhia cov ntaub ntawv uas ob peb roob, tus kwv tij siab nce mus txog 2-2.5 km, faus nyob rau hauv ib tug txheej ntawm cov txo.

Yuzhnoantilsky txheej ncej - Ovodova nqa, nyob sab qab teb ntawm lub Argentine phiab. African-Antarctic Phiab lus dag mus rau sab qab teb, nruab nrab ntawm Antarctica thiab nruab nrab-dej hiav txwv ridges. Notional ciam ntawm lub Indian dej hiav txwv thiab Atlantic nqa ib ncig ntawm 20 ° rau hauv. d. Xav no txwv, tsuas yog ib sab ntawm lub phiab nrog ib tug ca abyssal dawb hu ua Weddell yog nyob rau hauv lub Atlantic dej hiav txwv. Koom Haum Niam abyssal toj raug ntawm lub sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm lub phiab.

Uas yog nyob rau hauv lub tob ntawm lub Atlantic dej hiav txwv nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm nws?

Lub nyem ntawm lub hiav txwv pem teb yog heev thiab ua kev, muaj li ntawm ntau yam. Atlantic dej hiav txwv yog tsis muaj exception. Nws lub txaj nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ib feem yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm xub ntiag ntawm sab los yog Azores-Biscay caj array Gorringe, raising tus Cape Verde Islands thiab cov Canary Islands tuaj, toj siab Sierra Leone, Guinea thiab Whale caj nqa. Lawv sib faib tag nrho sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm lub hiav txwv mus rau lub Western European (nyiaj pab ntau tshaj qhov tob - 5023 meters), Canary (6549 meters), Iberian (5815 meters), Sierra Leone (6040 meters), Cape Verde (7282 meters), Angolan (6050 meters), Guinea (5215 meters) thiab cov dhaus Cape (5457 meters) phiab. Ntawm Rockall, underwater nce thiab Iceland-Faroe Western European lub chaw pib yog hollow.

West European Phiab

Lub hauv qab ntawm lub phiab - feem ntau cuam kawb abyssal dawb, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub Bay of Biscay, raws li zoo raws li rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm nws ncav us txog tiaj tiaj ntawm Bizkaia. Sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb hauv qab txoj kab txiav loj abyssal Dolinoy Mori, uas nws ntev yog hais txog 3500 km. Nws yog morphologically zoo xws li cov mus rau lub hav Hazen. Lub hav yog nrog los ntawm ntau tshaj ib tug loj accumulative shafts, ncav ib qhov siab ntawm 50 meters. Ob tug loj loj txuam ntaub ntawv sawv tawm nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm lub phiab. Qhov no 'sedimentary ridges "Feni thiab Gardar. Lawv tsim yog txuam nrog lub hwj chim los ntawm kev nkag mus kawm Iceland-Faroe Harbor sedimentary khoom. Iberian hollow, me me nyob rau hauv loj, nws yog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tiaj central feem ntawm lub abyssal dawb. Nrog Biscay tiaj nws txuas noj tsau hwv lawm Tet.

Mus rau sab qab teb ntawm lub Iberian Phiab

Lub nyem ntawm lub qab ntawm lub Atlantic dej hiav txwv mus rau sab qab teb ntawm lub Iberian Phiab yog heev tus ntoo khaub lig. Nws yog tus los ntawm qhov kuaj no ntawm lub caj Gorindzh, thaiv-volcanic thiab submarine roob ntawm lub tib lub npe, raising Madeira thiab ib pab pawg neeg ntawm lwm cov seamounts. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov nyem ntawm qhov Atlantic seafloor nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam kuj muaj xws li muaj cov heev heev submarine volcanoes. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov hauv qab nto ntawm lub hollow Zelenomysskoy thiab nws kim heev Canaria (nyiaj pab ntau tshaj qhov tob ntawm 6549 meters) yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv peb qhov chaw submeridional: sab hnub tuaj, Oceanic ua kiav txhab li uas yog them nkaus sloped dawb ko taw loj; nruab nrab abyssal nras, ca thiab nqaim; dov rau sab hnub poob. Hais ntawm lub continental paj tau paj ntawm teb chaws Africa tseem volcanic nqa ntawm lub Canary Islands tuaj (4 active volcanoes - ib tug ntawm lawv) thiab lub dhaus Cape Verde Islands nrog ib tug active lub roob hluav taws. Tag nrho cov no thiab ntau fraught nrog lub tob ntawm lub Atlantic dej hiav txwv.

Heev siab speeds (7-7,3 km / s) ntawm seismic tsis txawv lifting Sierra Leone. Qhov no yog vim cov kev taw qhia mus rau hauv lub kiav txhab ultrabasic pob zeb raws li nrog muaj zog metamorphism ntawm cov pob zeb ntawm ntau yam cortex. Lub hauv qab ntawm cov basins li Guinea thiab Sierra Leone, nyob tiaj nras, uas yog surrounded los ntawm abyssal toj. Qhov loj tshaj qhov tob ntawm cov depressions yog feem 5212 thiab 6040 meters.

Cameroonian txhaum tsam

Dav Guinean nce stretches nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub lava toj siab, ib tug loj heev thiab nyob nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm lub Mid-Atlantic Ridge, nyob ze Saint Helena. Cameroonian txhaum tsam yog lub feem ntau cov yam ntxwv tivthaiv ntawm no nqa. Nws yog txuam nrog volcanic lug seamount Shirshov thiab Palanga Islands tuaj, Principe, Sao Tome thiab Macias Nguema ,, Biyogo. Rift Valley ntau stretches nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm teb chaws Africa. Cameroon, ib tug active lub roob hluav taws, thiab ob peb Central Sahrawi, cov uas tseem muaj tej yam uas yog txuam nrog rau nws.

Angola phiab

Lub hauv qab ntawm uas cov lus dag rau sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb ntawm Guinea, raising Angolan phiab kuj sim lom zem ntau inclined u tus taw ntawm lub mainland, xws li loj heev Congo khib nyiab lub khob hliav qab, ib tug underwater hav cuam kawb. Group seamount nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb ces kaum ntawm lub Angola phiab. Cov roob muaj ib qho puag. Qhov loj tshaj ntawm lawv - los ntawm Vyurst (nws tus txheeb ze qhov siab yog hais txog 4 km).

Walvis caj

Walvis Ridge - ib lub roob blocky qauv. Nws muaj peb yam loj blocks, uas yog cais los ntawm saddles. Whale caj yus flattened apical nto thiab ntxhab qhov chaw siab tshaj. Uniformity apical nto kev cob cog rua rau ib tug loj (thiab tej zaum nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab) kem degree nrog limescale txuam nrog.

Cape phiab

Nyob sab qab teb ntawm lub Walvis Ridge Cape Phiab yog yus muaj los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias ntawm no yog tsim mas nyem abyssal toj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub depths ntawm lub hiav txwv Atlantic teeb no ib tug ntau ntawm volcanic toj siab. Lawv cov concentrated mas nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb ib feem ntawm lub phiab. Cov ntaub ntawv roob pawg cais los ntawm cov dhaus Cape Agulhas Phiab phiab. Agulhas yog pom tsuas yog raws li ib feem ntawm lub txaj ntawm lub Indian dej hiav txwv. Nws yog morphologically zoo xws li cov dhaus Cape phiab.

Tam sim no koj paub dab tsi zoo ntawm struts hauv qab ntawm lub Atlantic dej hiav txwv muaj nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd. Nws yog maj mam hloov, txawm hais tias tseem ceeb kev hloov yog noj qhov chaw heev maj mam. Tom qab tag nrho cov continents yog daws ntawm ib tug ceev ntawm tsuas hais txog 1-2 cm ib xyoos twg. Lwm yam dab uas pab rau nws, thiab npaj mus heev maj mam. Yog li ntawd, lub ntsiab nta ntawm lub nyem ntawm qhov Atlantic dej hiav txwv pem teb nyob twj ywm unchanged.

Yuav ua li cas piav txog cov nta ntawm lub nyem ntawm qhov Atlantic dej hiav txwv?

Yog vim li cas yog lub hauv qab ntawm lub nyem nws yog dab tsi? Wb fim nws. Nta uas muaj cov nyem ntawm lub hiav txwv pem teb, zaum no tam sim no tau piav cov kev vim li cas. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub Atlantic dej hiav txwv yog ntseeg yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub rift qhib nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub caj thaj tsam ntawm lub Mid-Atlantic. Tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv thiab cov topography ntawm lub hiav txwv pem teb vim lub fact tias cov 4 lub ntsiab daim hlau (Antarctic, African, Eurasian thiab American) yog nrog txav mus li.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev tshawb ntawm lub Atlantic dej hiav txwv pib nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Meanwhile, nws tob yog tsis tau tag nrho to taub. Nws yog tau hais tias lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Atlantic dej hiav txwv yuav mus ntxiv rau kawm tshiab thiab exciting discoveries.