Yuav ua li cas los mus txiav txim qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov paj huam? Tag nrho cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lo lus kev nyuaj siab!

Eugene Onegin nyob rau hauv lub eponymous tshiab los ntawm Pushkin "... yuav tsis iambic los ntawm trochaic ... kom paub qhov txawv." Tej zaum, nws yog heev yooj yim? Tsis yog. Cia li Pushkin tus hero tsis nyob rau lo lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas los mus txiav txim qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov paj huam. Thiab yog hais tias koj to taub cov secrets ntawm versification, paub cov ntaub ntawv ntawm poetic atherosclerosis yuav exciting kev kawm txawj thiab yuav cia ib tug tob pom mus rau hauv lub paub tsis meej ntawm poetic labyrinths. Los ntawm txoj kev, "Eugene Onegin" tshiab nyob rau hauv nqe vaj lug kub sau nyob rau hauv iambic tetrameter, uas nyuaj lub neej-lees laus.

Yuav ua li cas los mus txiav txim qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov paj huam?

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias ntau thiab tsawg pab yog monosyllabic, ob, peb-, four-, thiab txawm ntau pentasyllabic. Ua li cas nws nyob ntawm seb? Yuav kom txiav txim raug qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov uas yog sau cov paj huam, nws yog tsim nyog los nkag siab txog dab tsi yog ntawm tus taw ntawm cov paj huam. Yog li ntawd peb hu rau ib tug pab pawg neeg ntawm suab, qhov twg ib tug muaj rau kev nyuaj siab. Yog li ntawd, yog thawj zaug uas yuav ua li cas yog xim ib tug poetic kab nres thiab muab lub luag Iwm haiv neeg. Ces nws yog tsim nyog los muab khi qhov nyuab siab lub suab.

binary meters

1. Yog hais tias ib lo lus muaj ob lub suab thiab cov thawj ntawm lawv yog kev nyuaj siab, ces peb muaj - ferrets. Yuav kom sau tus loj, zaum tau tuaj mus nrog ib tug schematic sawv cev. Piv txwv li, ntawm no nws yog: __ ∩, ntawm no yog peb sau ntawv rau hauv lub nyuab siab lub suab kos npe rau ∩, thiab unstressed - cim __. Khorey zoo hais tias txoj kev: ∩ __. "Lub caij ntuj no yav tsaus ntuj" no loj yog sau tus naas ej paj huam Aleksandra Pushkina. Yog hais tias peb sau ntawm thawj kab ntawm ib tug schematic ntawm ib tug lyrical ua hauj lwm, nws muab tawm: ∩ __ / __ ∩ / ∩ __ / ∩_.
2. Nyob rau hauv iambics, conversely, txoj kev nyuaj siab ntog rau lub thib ob lub suab nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais taw uas muaj ob lub suab. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum xws li: __ ∩. Qhov no loj yog sau zaj paj huam Konstantin Batiushkov "Kuv ntse heev." Cov thawj kab yuav schematically zoo li no: __ ∩ / __ ∩ / __ ∩ / __ ∩. Qhov no yog feem ntau binary meters. Thiab peb, tsis zoo li Onegin, tam sim no lawv yuav tsum tau qhia rau lawv sib nrug.

ternary meters

Thiab yuav ua li cas los mus txiav txim qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov paj huam, yog hais tias nws trisyllabic? Lawv cov npe, raws li zoo raws li lub yav dhau los sawv daws yuav, tau tuaj rau peb los ntawm lub Greek lus. Lawv hu ua Dactyl, amphibrach thiab anapaest. Ternary ntau thiab tsawg pab yog nyob rau hauv lub taw, yog li ntawm peb cov suab.

1. Lub dactyl sis yog ib txwm nyob rau lub thawj suab ua raws li los ntawm ob unstressed. Qhov no yog yuav ua li cas: ∩ __ __. "Huab" Qhov no loj yog sau zaj paj huam Mihaila Lermontova. Kab yuav sau li: ∩ __ __ / __ ∩__ / ∩ __ __ / ∩ __ __.
2. Yog hais tias cov lus ntawm peb lub suab, lub luag Iwm haiv neeg yog rau lub thib ob (middle) suab, ces peb yuav soj ntsuam nrog amphibrach. Ntawm no yog ib daim duab: __ ∩__ (alternating suab unstressed, poob siab, poob siab-free). "Lub Song ntawm Wise Oleg" (Pushkin) tsim amphibrach. Schematically, thawj kab yog sau raws li nram no: __ ∩__ / __ ∩__ / __ ∩__ / __ ∩__.
3. Yog hais tias lub poetic kab muaj cov lus ntawm peb lub suab thiab lub luag Iwm haiv neeg ntog rau hauv ib hnub, koj ua raws li no logic, txiav txim qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov uas yog sau ib zaj paj huam tsis muaj teeb meem - nws anapaest. Tsav: __ __∩. Qhov no loj tsim ib zaj paj huam Afanasiya Feta «Kuv yuav tsis qhia koj dab tsi." Kos npe rau post: __ __∩ / __ __∩ / __ __∩.

tshwj xeeb ntau thiab tsawg pab

Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm poetic rhythms nws muaj nws tus kheej quirks. Piv txwv li, nws tshwm sim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw uas yuav tsum muaj ib tug luag Iwm haiv neeg, nws yog uas ploj lawm rau hauv lub logic loj. Thaum dvustopnom loj (los yog tus iambic pentameter) yog ob tug sib law liag unstressed suab, peb pom ib tug pyrrhic. Thiab yog hais tias xws li ib tug thaum lawv tseem yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib tug npaum li ntawm trehstopnom (anapaest, amphibrach, dactyl), ces nws yog tribrach. Tsis yog tus twg ib tug los yog cov lwm yam tsis cuam tshuam rau yam loj, tab sis yuav confuse lub novice nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Li cas "tsis muaj feem xyuam rau"? Qhov no txhais tau tias lub iambic pentameter yog, thiab ferrets - lub hu nkauj ua ke, tab sis "nyuab" pyrrhic. Raws li, qhov peb-lub suab ntev nyob twj ywm rau lawv tus kheej, tab sis yog ploj lawm accents - tribrach. Yog hais tias lub alternation ntawm nyuab siab thiab unstressed suab nyob rau hauv lub taw lawm nyob rau hauv kev coj rov qab - muaj ob accents nyob rau hauv ib tug kab (nyob qhov twg lub logic yuav tsum unstressed suab, nws yog pawg los ntawm lub poob siab), peb yuav soj ntsuam nrog ib tug spondee.

Ntawm no, tej zaum, tag nrho cov qhov ntev uas yog siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub versification. Yog hais tias muaj nqis mentioning hexameter, uas tau sau cov legendary "Iliad" ntawm Homer, thiab tej zaum kuj muaj ntsi xws li tam sim no paj huam. Nws muaj rau trochaic taw nrog rau tej tom ntej suab. Nws yog sau raws li: ∩__ __ / __ ∩__ / ∩__ __ / __ ∩__ / ∩__ __ / ∩H (nyob rau X qhia ib arbitrary suab).

Nws tshwm sim yog li ntawd peb yuav tsum puzzle tshaj yuav ua li cas los mus txiav txim qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov paj huam, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv kab, peb yuav nrhiav tau ib tug alternation ntawm txawv ntau thiab tsawg. Dactyl alternates nrog lub hu nkauj ua ke, thiab thiaj li nyob. D. Qhov no tshwm sim yog hu ua prosody "logaed". Kuv hlub nws siv Marina Tsvetaeva. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug poetic ua hauj lwm "lub rooj," nws siv lub alternating cov qauv ntawm cov iambic-pentameter-anapaest.

Vim li cas kuv yuav tsum tau paub txog yuav ua li cas los mus txiav txim qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov nqe lus?

Paj Huam - tsis yog cia li rhymed kab. Unsurpassed kuaj ntawm lawv lyrics ua ntse siv poetic hom kev kawm, qhov tseem ceeb uas yog cov atherosclerosis. Nws yog nyob ntawm nws thiab lub suab thiab mus ob peb vas ntawm tus piece. Yog hais tias ferrets tsim melodious, me ntsis mysterious laus, cov iambic zaj paj huam muab nruj ntaem, businesslike thiab nquag. Qhov ntev trisyllabic li conversational style, reminiscent ntawm zaj dab neeg. Hexameter kab muab ib tug majestic grand suab.

Nrog rau cov muaj peev xwm mus paub txog lub poetic qhov ntev, peb yuav piav qhia txog dab tsi raws nraim tshwm sim los charming music poetic masterpiece.