Viktor Petrovich Astafev - Biography. Creativity, kev hlub lub neej, cov duab

Muaj ntau ntawm peb nco ntsoov tej hauj lwm ntawm Victor Petrovich Astafieva lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Qhov no tsov rog dab neeg, thiab zaj dab neeg ntawm lub zog lub neej nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg pluag, thiab reflections rau lub chaw ua ntej thiab tom qab tus txheej xwm ntawm kev tsov rog nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Muaj tseeb tiag, lub teb chaws txawj sau ntawv yog Viktor Petrovich Astafev! Nws biography - ib tug tiag tiag li cov piv txwv ntawm kev txom nyem thiab tu siab heev hav zoov ntawm cov txiv neej nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm Stalinism. Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm hauv lub Lavxias teb sab neeg yog hais tsis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug tag nrho-haib teb chaws hero, uas muaj peev xwm tiv nrog tej kev nyuaj siab thiab poob, raws li nws raug coj los sawv cev rau thaum lub sij hawm. Tus sau pom yuav ua li cas nyuaj ib lub nra hnyav ua tsov ua rog thiab totalitarian tsoom fwv uas prevailed nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, rau qhov yooj yim Lavxias teb sab neeg pluag.

Viktor Astafjevs: biography

Yug txawj sau ntawv Tej zaum 1, 1924 nyob rau hauv lub Krasnodar cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Oatmeal Soviet cheeb tsam. Nws kuj tau tso lub thaum yau ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv. Tus tub txiv, Peter Pavlovich Astafjevs, thiab leej niam, Lydia Ilinichna Potylitsyn twb peasants, muaj ib tug muaj zog khwv nyiaj txiag. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm collectivization tsev neeg twb dispossessed. Ob tug laus cov ntxhais Peter Pavlovich thiab Lydia Ilinichny tuag nyob rau hauv kiag. Victor sai sab laug yam tsis niam txiv. Nws txiv twb jailed rau "kev ua phem." Ib leej niam tuag tag nyob rau hauv lub Yenisei, thaum nws muaj 7 xyoo. Nws yog ib qho kev huam yuaj. Lub nkoj nyob rau hauv uas Lydia Ilinichna ntawm lwm tus neeg ua luam dej hauv tus dej mus ntsib nrog nws tus txiv nyob rau hauv tsev lojcuj, capsized. Nws poob mus rau hauv cov dej, tus poj niam ntes tau oblique rau Bon thiab tuag coob heev. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm nws niam nws txiv tus tub raug coj mus nyob rau hauv ib tsev neeg ntawm cov pog yawg. Txuas mus rau compose ib tug me nyuam tuaj thaum ntxov. Tom qab ntawd, raws li ib tug txawj sau ntawv, Astafjevs nco qab txog yuav ua li cas kuv pog Katherine hu ua nws "vrushey" rau tsis kawg tswv yim. Lub neej ntawm cov laus me nyuam tub ciali ib tug fairy taleas. Nws yog tus tsuas yog kaj puas ntawm nws thaum yau. Tom qab qhov teeb meem, lub tsev kawm ntawv Victor twb raug xa mus rau ib tug nce tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Igarka. Muaj nws nyob ib tug yooj yim lub neej. Tus tub feem ntau besprizornichal. Xib Fwb Christmas nce Ignatius pom nyob rau hauv cov menyuam kawm ntawv ib tug muaj siab rau kev nyeem ntawv. Nws sim los tsim nws. Composing ib tug me nyuam tub txog nws nyiam lub pas dej tom qab yuav hu ua immortal nws ua hauj lwm "Vasyutkin pas dej" thaum nws los ua ib tug naas ej txawj sau ntawv. Tom qab kawm tiav ntawm lub thib rau hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, Victor tuaj txog ntawm lub railway tsev kawm ntawv FZO. Nws lawm nyob rau hauv 1942.

adulthood

Tom qab ntawd, tus tub hluas ib txhia lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau txiag ze rau lub nroog ntawm Krasnoyarsk. Tsov rog coj txog kev hloov nyob rau hauv nws lub neej. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm tib 1942, nws tuaj rau pem hauv ntej. Ntawm no nws yog, thiab artrazvedchikom, thiab tus neeg tsav tsheb thiab signalman. Viktor Astafjevs tiv thaiv rau hauv teb chaws Poland, Ukraine, tiv thaiv ntawm Kursk. Thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua, nws yog tiag raug mob thiab plhaub-ceeb. Nws cov tub rog exploits twb muab tsub medals "Rau siab tawv", "Rau cov liberation ntawm Poland", "Rau Yeej tshaj lub teb chaws Yelemees" thiab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub Red Star. Tom qab demobilization nyob rau hauv 1945 nyob rau hauv lub Urals Chusovoy settles Viktor Petrovich Astafev. Nws biography tau ua ib tug tshiab puag ncig. Nws pib lwm, thaj yeeb lub neej. Ntawm no nws coj thiab nws tus poj niam, uas tom qab ua lub npe hu raws li ib tug txawj sau ntawv - M. S. Koryakinu. Lawv sib txawv kiag li cov neeg. Nyob ib ncig ntawm Victor yeej ib txwm hovered cov poj niam. Nws yog ib tug heev interesting neeg. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nws muaj ob tug tsaub ntxhais. Nws khib tus poj niam, Maria. Nws ua npau suav hais tias nws tus txiv yog neeg ncaj ncees rau tsev neeg. Ntawm no, Chusovoy, Victor yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm mus pub lawv cov me nyuam. Cov sib yuav tau yug los peb ntawm lawv. Cov laus ntxhais Maria thiab Victor poob. Nws tsuas yog ib tug ob peb lub hlis thaum nws tuag nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob los ntawm sab kev dyspepsia. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1947. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1948, Astafieva ob tus ntxhais yug los, uas yog hu ua Ira. Tom qab 2 xyoo nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg nws muaj ib tug tub Andrew. Cov me nyuam Viktor Petrovich Astafieva loj hlob nyob rau hauv hnyav tej yam kev mob. Vim lub xeev kev kho mob, undermined los ntawm tsov rog, lub neej tom ntej txawj sau ntawv yog tsis muaj peev xwm rov qab mus rau nws tshwj xeeb, npaj nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas kev kawm. Chusovoy nws yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm nyuaj thiab ib tug kws kho tsheb, thiab ib tug loader, thiab ib tug foundry nyob rau hauv zos Hoobkas, thiab tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws tuag nyob rau cov hnyuv ntxwm Hoobkas, thiab ib tug kws ntoo nyob rau hauv lub depot.

Thaum pib ntawm ib tug muaj tswv yim txoj kev

Sau ntawv ua lag ua luam tseem yuav rau yav tom ntej masters ntawm lo lus. Ntawm no, Chusovoy, nws tau mus kawm cov zajlus voj voog. Qhov no yog yuav ua li cas nws nco Viktor Petrovich Astafev. Nws biography yog me ntsis paub, yog li nws txawj nyeem ntawv ib qho tseem ceeb tej nthuav dav txuam nrog nws lub neej thiab creativity. "Lub siab rau kev sau ntawv, kuv muaj sai dua ntawd. Kuv nco ntsoov zoo heev, nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, thaum kuv mus koom ib lub txawj vajvoog, ib tug soj ntsuam txog nyeem nws tshiab khiv sau zaj dabneeg. Artwork ntaus kuv nrog nws artificiality, unnaturalness. Kuv coj nws thiab sau tau ib zaj dab neeg. Nws yog kuv thawj creation. Nyob rau hauv nws kuv tham txog nws wartime cov phooj ywg "- hais txog nws debut sau. Lub npe ntawm cov thawj khoom - "ib tug pej xeem". "Chusovoi neeg ua hauj lwm" tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm nyob rau hauv 1951, nws yog. Cov zaj dab neeg yog ib qhov zoo. Tom ntej no plaub lub xyoos, cov txawj sau ntawv yog ib tug txawj associate ntawm qhov print tsab. Nyob rau hauv 1953, nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Perm, nws thawj sau los ntawm dab neeg luv luv hu ua "Kom txog thaum lub tom ntej no caij nplooj ntoos hlav." Thiab nyob rau hauv 1958 Astafjevs sau tus tshiab "Melting Daus", uas tseem ceeb cov teeb meem ntawm tus nyob deb nroog collective ua liaj ua teb lub neej. Tsis ntev, qhov thib ob sau los ntawm dab neeg luv luv hu ua "Teeb" tso tawm Viktor Astafjevs. "Dab neeg rau cov me nyuam" - piav txog tus sau yog nws creation.

Tale "Starodub". Lub raws taw tes rau hauv cov txawj sau ntawv

Viktor Astafjevs yog xav tau nws tus kheej-qhia. Kev kawm ntawv raws li xws li nws tsis tau, tab sis nws yeej ib txwm sim los txhim kho lawv cov professionalism. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, cov txawj sau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1959-1961 kawm nyob rau lub dua txawj kawm nyob rau hauv Moscow. Cov phau ntawv Magazine ntawm lub Urals tseg publishes nws tej hauj lwm Viktor Petrovich Astafev, uas nws biography yog hais ntawm no. Nyob rau hauv lawv, nws seb puas tsimnyog tau cov mob teeb meem ntawm lub tsim ntawm tus tib neeg tus, loj hlob nyob rau hauv tej yam nyuaj 30s, 40s. Cov no yog cov dab neeg raws li "tub sab", "Xeem Nyo hau", "Qhov chaw ua tsov rog rattles" thiab lwm tus neeg. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv yog ntawv. Ntawm no thiab scene chaw tu menyuam ntsuag lub neej, nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov kev ntxub ntxaug thiab dispossession ntawm peasants, thiab ntau npaum li cas. Lub raws taw tes rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm Astafieva los ua nws tshiab "Starodub", sau nyob rau hauv 1959. Action nws yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib tug ancient Siberian kev sib hais haum. Tswv yim thiab kev cai ntawm cov laus ntseeg tsis ua rau koj tu siab rau Victor. Taiga cai, "tej yam ntuj tso txoj kev ntseeg", raws li tus sau, tsis txuag ib tug neeg los ntawm kev kho siab thiab daws tau nias teeb meem. Lub culmination ntawm tej hauj lwm - txoj kev tuag ntawm cov protagonist. Cov txiv neej tuag tes es tsis txhob ntawm taws tswm ciab - paj Starodub.

Astafjevs ntawm Lavxias teb sab cim nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg "Lub tub rog thiab leej niam"

Thaum ib tug series ntawm sau tej hauj lwm pib rau lub "Lavxias teb sab teb chaws ua cim"? Raws li feem ntau txawj critics, nrog rau cov zaj dabneeg Astaf'eva "tub rog thiab leej niam." Thaum lub cim tseem ceeb creation twb tsis muaj npe. Nws embodies tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab poj niam nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm uas tau dhau mus lawm lub "hnyav hlau log tsov ua rog". Ntawm no cov txawj sau ntawv tsim xws tib neeg hom uas muaj feem xyuam rau lawv cov kev muaj tiag, tseeb, "muaj tseeb tiag." Surprises, thiab yuav ua li cas yam xyuam xim lub tswv nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm qhia cov mob cov teeb meem ntawm kev loj hlob. Lub ntsiab qhov chaw, uas thim kev tshoov siab los ntawm Astafev Viktor Petrovich - Biography. Lub luv luv version ntawm nws yog tsis zoo li mus deev tus nyeem ntawv lub plawv reciprocal lawm. Thiab yog li ntawd nws yog ib tug nyuaj lub neej ntawm ib tug txawj sau ntawv yog heev npaum li cas nthuav dav.

Cov ntsiab lus ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm tus kws

Nyob rau hauv 1954 tuaj "nyiam tus me nyuam" ntawm tus neeg sau. Nws yog hais txog zaj dab neeg "Lub tswv yug yaj thiab shepherdess." Cia li 3 hnub tswv sau ib tug kev kee ntawm 120 nplooj ntawv. Tom qab ntawd, nws cia li polished cov ntawv nyeem. Zaj dabneeg tsis xav sau mus tas li excised los ntawm nws tag nrho cov tawg tsam hais tias tsis tau tso cai rau censorship. Tsuas yog tom qab 15 xyoo, tus sau twb tau tso nws nyob rau hauv tus thawj daim ntawv no. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub narrative - zaj dab neeg ntawm ib tug hluas commander Boris Kostyaeva platoon, uas yog muaj cov horrors ua tsov ua rog, tab sis tseem xyuas los ntawm cov qhov txhab thiab qaug rau lub tsheb ciav hlau nqa nws mus rau lub rear. Poj niam txoj kev hlub tsis txuag lub cim tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg cov neeg sau thim tus nyeem ntawv ib tug txaus ntshai daim duab ua tsov ua rog thiab kev tuag, uas nws nqa. Tsis nyuaj heev kom pom vim li cas cov khoom yeej tsis xav kom cia nyob rau hauv lub teeb. Cov neeg uas tiv thaiv thiab yeej tsov rog, nws yog txoj kev cai uas mus depict cov haib, muaj zog, unyielding. Raws li cov dab neeg ntawm tus tswv, nws tsis tsuas yog khoov tab sis kuj ua kom puas. Thiab txoj kev tuag thiab deprivation ntawm cov neeg raug kev txom nyem tsis tau tsuas yog vim hais tias ntawm lub invaders, uas tuaj rau lawv lub teb chaws, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov nyiaj ntawm lub totalitarian system, prevailing nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Astafieva creativity Victor Iwj, thiab lwm yam yeeb yuj tej hauj lwm, xws li "Sasha Lebedev", "ntxhov pw tsaug zog", "Ob txhais tes poj niam", "Is Nrias teb", "blue twilight", "Lavxias teb sab pob zeb Diamond", "Nyob rau ib hnub twg muaj" thiab lwm tus neeg.

Tale "Ode Lavxias teb sab chav ua noj vaj" - ib zaj nkauj mus rau lub neeg pluag kev mob siab

Nyob rau hauv 1972, nws tom ntej no cov khoom tawm Astafev Viktor Petrovich. Biography, nyuag version uas yog hais ntawm no yog heev nthuav. Tus kws sau ntawv loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub zos. Nws pom nws tus hauv tawm. Nws tsis yog alien rau kev txom nyem thiab kev nyuaj siab ntawm cov neeg muab kev koom tes rov qab rhuav zog uas yog paub rau nws los ntawm thaum yau. Tale "Ode Lavxias teb sab chav ua noj vaj" - ib tug ua hauj lwm uas yog ib yam ntawm cov anthem ntawm cov neeg pluag ua zog. Kws ntawv E. Nosov hais tias ntawm nws: "Nws tsis yog narrated thiab hu rau ..." Rau ib tug yooj yim lub zos me nyuam tub vaj - nws tsis yog ib qho chaw nyob qhov twg koj yuav "sau lub plab", thiab ib tug tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no tag nrho ntawm mysteries thiab secrets. Nws yog nws thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub neej, thiab Academy ntawm Fine Arts. Thaum nyeem cov "Ode" tsis txhob cia ib tug kev xav ntawm kev tu siab rau cov yug dua kev sib raug zoo ntawm ua liaj ua teb ua zog, uas tso cai rau ib tug neeg mus ua ib lub neej-muab kev sib raug zoo nrog niam qhov.

Zaj dabneeg "Xeem Hneev" Lub neej nyob rau hauv lub zos

Neeg pluag ntsiab txawj sau ntawv Viktor Astafjevs yog tsim nyob rau hauv nws lwm yam hauj lwm. Ib tug ntawm lawv - ib tug series ntawm cov dabneeg luv luv hu ua "Lub xeem nyo hau". Lub narrative nyob rau hauv thawj tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub creation ntawm tus sau - txoj hmoo ntawm lub zos cov me nyuam, uas nws tseem yog menyuam yaus coincided nrog lub xyoo ntawm tus 30s, thaum lub teb chaws pib lub collectivization thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas - mus "hluav taws" 40. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias qhov no series ntawm cov dab neeg twb tsim ob xyoo lawm (los ntawm 1958 mus 1978.). Tus thawj narrative txawv dog dig lyrical yam, hloov maj mam lom zem. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub kawg zaj dab neeg yog kom meej meej pom lub kam ntawm tus sau nrees tsis yuav tus system uas txav lub teb chaws hauv paus ntawm lub neej. Lawv tsis nyuaj iab thiab qhib mockery.

Tale "King-ntses" - mus txawv tebchaws los nws lub teb chaws

Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, tus kws ntawv npaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm preservation ntawm lub teb chaws kev cai. Nws zaj dab neeg hu ua "King-ntses", tso tawm nyob rau hauv lub teeb nyob rau hauv 1976, yog nyob ze nyob rau hauv ntsuj plig mus rau lub voj voog ntawm cov dab neeg hais txog neej nyob deb nroog. Nyob rau hauv 2004 nyob rau hauv Krasnoyarsk yog ib tug monument nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus 80th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv. Tam sim no nws yog ib tug ntawm cov cim ntawm lub nroog. Los ntawm lub sij hawm rau hauv phau ntawv twb luam tawm twb coj thiab nrov sau yuav Viktor Astafjevs. Duab nws - nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm phau ntawv sau cov phau ntawv Magazine. Yuav ua li cas yuav ua tau peb hais txog phau ntawv no? Ib tug interesting yam ntawm pub cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob rau hauv cov khoom. Tus sau xim tsev ib daim duab ntawm pristine xwm, untouched los ntawm kev vam meej, cov neeg lub neej nyob rau hauv lub depths ntawm Siberia. Cov neeg uas nws coj tau poob, nyob rau hauv uas nws ibyam yog thriving qaug dej qaug cawv, poaching, tub sab tub nyiag, ua siab loj, yog pathetic.

Ua tsov ua rog tshiab "Npam thiab tua" - thuam ntawm Stalinism

Nyob rau hauv 1980 nws tau tsiv mus rau nws teb koj chaw - nyob rau hauv Krasnoyarsk - Viktor Astafjevs. Biography no nws tsis hloov mus rau qhov zoo. Ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab tsiv mam li nco dheev tuag tus ntxhais Irina txawj sau ntawv. Viktor thiab Maria Semenovna coj rov qab nws cov me nyuam, nws cov xeeb ntxwv Pauline thiab Vitya. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, nws nyob ntawm no, nyob rau hauv tsev, muaj ib tug tswv muaj tswv yim lam ua. Nws sau tau tej hauj lwm raws li "Zaberega" "tsis zoo xws luag", "kev paub ua ntej dej khov drift," "Kev tuag," tiam kawg tshooj "Xeem Nyo hau" thiab lwm tus neeg. Ntawm no nws yog tsim tawm nws Ledger ntawm tsov rog - tus tshiab "Npam thiab tua". Qhov no creation ntawm tus kws distinguishes lub sharpness, categorical, mob siab rau. Rau kev sau ntawv Romana Astafev twb muab tsub lub State nqi zog ntawm Guj kuj.

Lub xyoo 2001 yog rau cov neeg sau ntawm lub tsis txawj tuag cov dab neeg tuag taus. Nws siv ntau lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob. Ob tug stroke yoojyim tsis muaj kev cia siab ntawm rov qab. Nws cov phooj ywg thov lub Krasnoyarsk Regional Council ntawm Deputies rau qhov qee ntawm cov nyiaj rau cov kev kho mob ntawm cov kws ntawv txawv teb chaws. Kev saib xyuas ntawm qhov teeb meem no tau los ua ib tug mus sib hais ntawm tus neeg sau. Muaj tsis muaj nyiaj faib. Cov kws kho mob, kis nws ob txhais tes, tus neeg mob raug xa mus tsev tuag. Kaum ib hlis 29, 2001, tuag Viktor Astafjevs. Films ua los ntawm nws tej hauj lwm, thiab hnub no yog ib tug heev interesting cov neeg tuaj saib.