Van't Hoff tau

Isotonic kev daws teeb meem - ib tug tshwj xeeb cov pab pawg neeg ntawm kev daws, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm osmotic siab. Nws yog ib yam uas xws tseem ceeb, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm cov kua hauv lub cev, xws li: ntshav ntshav, kua muag, qog, thiab hais txog. Tag nrho cov kua yog postoyannoem siab nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm 7.4 atm. Yog li, yog tias txhaj mus rau hauv lub cev yuav tsum tau ua tswvcuab, cov osmotic siab ntawm cov kua yuav tawg, raws li yuav tawg zoo xws li cov tshuav nyiaj li cas.

Yuav kom npaj xws li ib tug tov, koj yuav tsum ua ib co lus teb. Cov feem nrov txoj kev uas nqa tsis yog tsuas van't Hoff tau isotonic. Nrog nws, ib tug yuav xam isotonic tshuaj concentration ntawm diluted yeeb tshuaj, uas tsis yog lub ntsha. Lub osmotic siab, tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj, thiab nws kub dependence yog nyob rau hauv particular uas qhia Clapeyron kab zauv. Nws yog siv txoj kev daws teeb meem dilute, raws li raws li txoj cai ntawm van't Hoff, cov tshuaj yaj nyob rau hauv cov kua yuav coj nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li cov gases thiab vim hais tias mus lawv thov tag nrho cov thiaj li hu ua roj cai.

Van't Hoff tau - qhov no yog tsis muaj dab tsi, raws li ib tug parameter, uas characterizes tus cwj pwm ntawm qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv tej tshuaj. Hais txog cov zauv sib npaug ntawm tus Van't Hoff tau sib npaug zos rau cov piv ntawm cov zauv nqi Collegiate zog muaj los ntawm cov tshuaj rau tib qhov chaw nonelectrolyte, thiab tib lub concentration, thaum uas tag nrho lwm yam tsis nyob twj ywm unchanged.

Lub cev lub ntsiab lus ntawm isotonic coefficient yuav tseeb los ntawm cov lus txhais ntawm txhua parameter Collegiate. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov nyob rau ntawm lub concentration ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw nyob rau hauv lub particle tshuaj. Nonelectrolytes yuav tsis koom nyob rau hauv lub dissociation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, txawm li cas los, txhua ib molecule ntawm lub substance yuav ib particle. Electrolytes, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm solvation yog tog twg los lig los yog cov tawg ua me me mus rau hauv ions, yog li txoj kev ob peb hais. Nws hloov tawm hais tias colligative zog yuav yog nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus hais muaj nyob rau ntawd ntau hom, i.e. ions. Yog li, isotonic coefficient yuav ua tau ib tug sib tov ntawm ntau lub ntsiab ntawm txhua hom ntawm particle. Yog hais tias peb xav txog cov tshuaj ntawm tshuaj ntxhua dawb, nws yuav tau pom hais tias nws muaj peb hom hais: cations ntawm calcium hypochlorite, raws li zoo raws li chloride - anions. Isotonic coefficient yuav qhia tau tias tus ntsha tov muaj ntau hais dua nyob rau hauv uas tsis yog-ntsha tov. Coefficient yuav nyob ntawm seb seb ib yam khoom uas yog phua rau hauv ions - yog tsis muaj lwm yam tshaj li cov dissociation cov cuab yeej.

Txij li thaum muaj zog electrolytes yog kiag li raug dissociation dab, nws yog justified xav tias yuav hais tias cov Van't Hoff ceeb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog sib npaug zos rau cov xov tooj ntawm ions muaj nyob rau hauv lub molecule. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag, cov coefficient nqi yog yeej ib txwm tsawg tshaj li tus nqi, xam siv Eq. Qhov no txoj hauj lwm yog grounded nyob rau hauv 1923 los ntawm Debye thiab Hiickel. Lawv formulated cov kev tshawb xav ntawm muaj zog electrolytes: lub ions yuav tsis muaj obstacles rau tsiv, raws li nws yuav tsim solvation plhaub. Ntxiv mus, lawv tseem yuav koom nrog txhua lwm yam, ua nws thiaj li mus rau tsim ntawm xws li ib tug pab pawg neeg yuav tsum tau tsiv nyob rau hauv ib tug kev taw qhia los ntawm cov tshuaj. Qhov no yog qhov thiaj li hu ua ionic lub koom haum thiab ion officers. Tag nrho cov dab yuav muab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj thiaj li tab sis yog nws muaj ib tug ob peb hais.

Sis ntawm ions pib wane li cov kub yuav sawv raws li txo lawv concentration. Tag nrho vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas txo thiab qhov tshwm sim rau lub rooj sib tham qhov sib txawv hais nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj.