Ukraine. Lugansk cheeb tsam

Qhov no cheeb tsam ntawm Ukraine, kom txog thaum tsis ntev los no, feem ntau hnov xwb cov neeg ntawm lub teb chaws thiab cov pej xeem ntawm lub qub USSR. Niaj hnub no lub Lugansk cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib hais rau hauv tag nrho.

Txheej txheem cej luam

Lugansk cheeb tsam yog lub sab hnub tuaj cheeb tsam ntawm Ukraine. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm lub nras, extending los ntawm cov hav dej. Seversky Donets. Nyob rau hauv sab qab teb nws yog Donetsk Ridge, thiab nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb yog cov spurs ntawm lub Central Lavxias teb sab upland. Tsaug rau qhov zoo climatic tej yam kev mob thiab zoo qhov chaw, cov cheeb tsam no tau yeej ib txwm tau inhabited los ntawm tib neeg. Lugansk cheeb tsam ciam teb rau lwm nrog Donetsk (South-West) thiab Kharkiv (northwest) cov cheeb tsam ntawm Ukraine. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws muaj ib tug ntev ciam teb nrog Russia. Nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj, sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb nws ciam teb rau lwm rau lub Voronezh, Belgorod, Rostov cheeb tsam ntawm Russia.

Ntsiab nta

Lugansk cheeb tsam stretches ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb rau 250 km. Los ntawm sab hnub tuaj mus rau sab hnub poob nws ntev yog 190 km. Lub ib ncig ntawm Luhansk -. 26,7 txhiab km, uas yog 4.4% ntawm lub Ukrainian pawg neeg thaj av. Lub nyem ntawm qhov chaw yog ib tug dov dawb, nce los ntawm lub Seversky Donets River nyob rau hauv sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb.

Keeb kwm ntawm kev kawm ntawv

Rau ntau centuries no lub teb chaws, hu ua Tsiaj qus Teb, sib cais Russia los ntawm lub Crimean Khanate. Nyob rau hauv lub XVI caug xyoo. no pib tsim muaj lub khwb qhov kev pab. Thaum lub sij hawm no, ib tug loj loj ntawm tus huab tais txoj kev pab tub rog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Thaum kawg ntawm lub XVII caug xyoo. Ntawm no, ib tug tshiab keeb kwm cheeb tsam - Sloboda. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav sib sau ua ke rau hauv ib tug thee cov cheeb tsam ntawm Donetsk xeev nrog nws chaw nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Lugansk nws twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1919, uas tau muaj rau 1925. C 1925 rau 1930, muaj ib lub Lugansk cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 1925, lub xeev twb abolished nyob rau hauv Ukraine, thiab lub county dhau nyob rau hauv tib neeg saib xyuas ntawm lub Ukrainian SSR.

Nws tam sim no lub npe Lugansk cheeb tsam tau txais nyob rau hauv 1958. Ua ntej ntawd, txij li thaum lub sib cais Stalin cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv 1938, nws tau hu ua Voroshilovgrad. Txawm li cas los, rov qab mus rau tus thawj lub npe los ntawm 1970 mus 1990. Ces nws tau txiav txim siab rov xaiv lub yav tas kev xaiv. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR, Lugansk cheeb tsam tseem yog ib feem ntawm kev ywj siab Ukraine.

minerals

Cov chaw no yog lub npe hu rau lawv tso siab zoo thee. Lawv khiav mus rau hauv billions ntawm tons. Ib tug thib peb ntawm lawv - coke, thiab ob-feem-peb - Anthracite. Nyob ntawm no thiab cov nkev deposits. Nyob rau hauv ob peb qhov chaw ntawm lub Lugansk cheeb tsam pom sandstone, limestone, marl, cwj mem av dawb, ntau yam txais av ya. Nyob rau hauv Lugansk, Lisichansk, Severodonetsk, Starobelsk sab mineral springs.

climatic tej yam kev mob

Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Luhansk cheeb tsam muaj ib tsis kub tsis txias continental kev nyab xeeb. Nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj, qhov nruab nrab kub yog -15 ° C, thiab nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj +35 ° C. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no, ib tug kuj txias caij ntuj no. Nws txawv feature yog tus ntse sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub tuaj cua thiab mob frosts. Caij ntuj so yog sweltering thiab qhuav. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, nyob rau hauv Luhansk sov, qhuav thiab tshav ntuj. Cov nag lossis daus yog hais txog 500 mm ib xyoo.

Xau thiab tej nroj tsuag

Fertile av - yog dab tsi yeej ib txwm tau nto moo rau Ukraine. Lugansk cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no - yog tsis muaj exception. Nws yog yeej los ntawm dub av. Fais fab fertile tsim nyob rau hauv ib txhia qhov chaw 1-1.5 m thickness. Tseem muaj ntau sod xau. Feem ntau ntawm cov Luhansk cheeb tsam - steppe. Forests yog tsis txaus - lawv coj mus txog 7% ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev.

kev khwv nyiaj txiag

Lub paaj thaj chaw ntawm lub cheeb tsam pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Qhov no cheeb tsam tau ntev tsim pawg neeg thaj av. Nws zoo yog:

• sib thooj rau cov ntaub ntawv raw nplua nuj qhov chaw xws li cov North Caucasus, lub Dnieper, lub dub lub ntiaj teb Russia;
• ib tug zoo-tsim network ntawm txoj kev thiab railways;
• sib thooj kom loj industrial cov chaw thiab cov cheeb tsam (Kharkov, Center rau Russia, Rostov-on-Don).

Lub npe nrov Lugansk cheeb tsam? 2014 coj kev puas tsuaj rau tag nrho cov sectors ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag ntawm no cheeb tsam. Ntau ntev los no, nws tau flourished tsuas thiab tshuaj kev lag luam, hnyav engineering, metallurgy, ua liaj ua teb. Qhov no cheeb tsam yog cov tsib feem ntau tsim muaj thiab economic cov cheeb tsam ntawm Ukraine. Nws twb feeb meej rau 5% ntawm lub zog quab yuam thiab kwv yees li 4.6% ntawm lub teb chaws lub ntsiab cuab tam. Kev lag luam yog cov ua sector ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Nws qhia nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov domestic khoom li cas peb-quarters.

Lub industrial complex ntawm Lugansk cheeb tsam

Lub multi-complex ntawm Lugansk cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub ua kev lag luam. Tag nrho cov zis ntawm nws cov kev faib ua feem yog hais txog 72%. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm tuam txhab uas muag refinery coke lawm, mechanical engineering, petrochemical thiab tshuaj industries. Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm ua hauj lwm factories rau zus tau tej cov sis plawv hniav thiab cov ntawv, khoom noj khoom haus, kev tsim kho cov ntaub ntawv. Luhansk khoom uas yuav pom tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Ukraine, tab sis kuj deb tshaj nws cov ciam teb rau lwm. Lub ntsiab trading khub ntawm lub cheeb tsam yog tus Lavxias teb sab Federation.

Muaj thaj tsam

Lub cheeb tsam muaj ib ob peb hnyav industries. Muaj tseem tsim thiab cov roj thiab zog sector, feem ntau ntawm uas yog tsuas tuam txhab uas muag. Tag nrho cov ntim ntawm ntau lawm, lawv tau dab tsi rau txog 18%. Lub tsuas kev lag luam muaj mas cov thee qhauj. Lugansk cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub industrial complex ntawm lub teb chaws sawv tawm rau nws cov scale thee lub peev xwm ntau cov thawj roj refining, zus tau tej cov tshuab cov cuab yeej, qhov rais iav, hluavtaws resins, yas, dej qab zib tshauv, lub taub ntim board.

Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no, tsim nyob rau 3 loj industrial site:

• Lugansk - nws specialization los ntawm qhauj ntawm lub tshuab tsev, metalworking, lub teeb kev lag luam.
• Lisichansk, Rubezhnoye-Severodonetsk - petrochemical thiab tshuaj industries.
• Alchevsk-Stakhanov - steel, thee thiab tshuab-tsev ceg.

Nyob rau hauv qhov qeb duas ntawm 100 coob qhauj nyob rau hauv Ukraine yog:

• OJSC "Alchevsk Hlau thiab Steel Works."
• PP "Rovenkianthracite".
• "Luganskoblenergo" SJSEC.
• Zhydachiv sis plawv hniav thiab cov ntawv zeb.
• SE "Severodonetsky nitrogen".
• Stakhanov Ferroalloy Cog.
• JSC "Linos".
• JSC "Lisichansk Dej qab zib".

ua liaj ua teb

Zos Lugansk cheeb tsam yog cov caj qaum ntawm ua liaj ua teb ntawm lub teb chaws. Manufacturers specializing nyob rau hauv cov oilseed (paj noob hlis) thiab cereals (lub caij ntuj no hom qoob mog, pob kws) cov qoob loo. Heev loj hlob ntawm cov tsiaj husbandry thiab horticulture. Tus villagers faus chaw yuj nyuj thiab nyuj nyuj, npua, yaj. Nyob rau hauv lub nqaij qaib kev lag luam yog zoo tsim. Tag nrho cov ua liaj ua teb ntau lawm yog feeb meej nyob rau hauv 19 kev tswj chav nyob. Lawv muab faib ua peb ntau lawm chaw (nyob ntawm seb cov av thiab climatic thiab economic tej yam kev mob): rau yav qab teb, sab qaum teb thiab suburban. Thaum lub pov tseg ntawm ua liaj ua teb producers yog 2.2 lab hectares ntawm daim av, ntawm uas 1.3 lab hectares uas sown cheeb tsam. Daim ntawv thov ntawm niaj hnub ua liaj ua teb siv technology yuav pab tau sau heev high loo ntawm ntau yam cov qoob loo, zaub thiab tag.

Cov pejxeem ntawm Luhansk cheeb tsam

Rau Luhansk cheeb tsam yus muaj los ntawm ib theem siab ntawm urbanization. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no, hais txog 86,5% ntawm cov pejxeem nyob rau hauv lub zos. Lub ceev yog 96 cov neeg ib 1 sq. km. Qhov no xam - xya cov tag nrho lub zos ntawm Ukraine. Ntau tshaj 53% ntawm cov pejxeem - cov poj niam. Kwv yees li 60% ntawm cov neeg nyob ntawm lub cheeb tsam yog ua hauj lwm uas muaj hnub nyoog. Ib txhiab tau-bodied account rau 706 cov me nyuam thiab pensioners. Cov yug tus nqi nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam yog 6.1 ppm. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, nyob rau hauv lub Luhansk cheeb tsam tus qauv ntawm depopulation. Lub ntuj txo nyob rau hauv tus thawj tswj cheeb tsam yog zoo tib.

Nyob rau hauv 2013, tus naj npawb ntawm Lugansk cheeb tsam ntawm 2.3 lab cov neeg. Qhov no cheeb tsam yog lub 6 coob tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv Ukraine. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm 01.01.2014 txog 1.09. 2014 pejxeem poob los ntawm 6.6 txhiab. Txiv neej.

National muaj pes tsawg leeg

Nyob rau hauv Lugansk cheeb tsam yog lub tsev mus rau 104 nationalities (haiv neeg). Cov qhia tawm ntawm Ukrainians yog cia li tshaj 50% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem. Lavxias teb sab - txog li 40%. Feem ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob ze Lugansk. Cov lwm cov mej zeej yuav tsum distinguished Belarusians (1%) thiab Tatar (tsawg tshaj li 1%).

kev ntseeg

Ukraine (Luhansk cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv particular) yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm xub ntiag ntawm ntau denominations. Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub cheeb tsam peb xav, muaj 45 qhov chaw ntawm kev ntseeg. Lawv sawv cev los ntawm 791 kev cai dab qhuas cov koom haum (764 zej zog, 10 regional chaw ua hauj lwm thiab cov koom haum, cov tsev kawm ntawv 5, 6 sab ntsuj plig ua tub txib, monasteries 6). muaj 188 Sunday tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Luhansk affairs ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj txiv plig koom nyob rau hauv 1107.

Ntawm cov tag nrho cov ntawm cov zej zog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam:

• 58,2% - orthodox (444 zej zog);
• 24,2% - Protestants (185);
• 14% - uas tsis yog-txwm ntseeg thiab tseeb zog (107);
• 1.7% - cov neeg Yudais (13);
• 1.3% - Muslims (10);
• 0.5% - grekokatoliki (4 sij hawm tuaj txog);
• 0.1% - Roman Catholics (1 zej zog).

administrative division

Cheeb tsam tsev kawm ntawm Lugansk cheeb tsam: Trinity, Starobelsk, Slavyanoserbsky, Stanichno-Lugansk, Sverdlovsk, Svatovsky, Perevalskiy, Popasnjansky, Novopskovsky, Melovsky, Novoaydarsky, Markowski, Kreminna, Lutuginsky, Krasnodon, Belovodskiy, Antratsit, Belokurakinsky. Nyob rau hauv nws, muaj 933 settlements, uas:

• 37 - lub zos (14 - 23 thiab lub regional - regional tus nqi);
• 109 - nroog settlements;
• 787 - lub zos.

Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam muaj 17 koog tsev kawm ntawv thiab 37 lub nroog sib sab laj, 84 lub zos thiab 206 lub zos sab laj.

muaj chaw zov me nyuam

Sib nrug los ntawm Lugansk, uas yog ib tug loj industrial chaw nyob rau hauv Eastern Ukraine yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab lwm yam settlements nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam cov nyiaj txiag txoj kev loj hlob. Cov no muaj xws, piv txwv li, Sverdlovsk. Lugansk cheeb tsam yog yus muaj los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias, txawm nyob rau hauv tus me zos ntau ntau yam tuam txhab uas muag. Ntawm no nws yog: thee-ua complex "Sverdlovantratsit" GOAO "Mayak", lub Canadian lub tuam txhab East Thee Niaj hnub, tus txha venture "Intersplav", OAO "Sverdlovsk tshuab-tsev Hoobkas" Hoobkas ntawm tsuas khoom. Sverdlovsk (Luganska) muaj nyob rau ntawm nws subordinate: g Chernopartizansk 6 nroog settlements (Volodarskogo Pavlivka, Kalinisky, Leninsky, Yooj, Fedorivka) 3 settlements (Kiselevo txias, Ustinovka), 7 zaum (Kuryachii, Malomedvezhe, Utkino , Matveyevka, Rytikovo, Antrakop, xyaws) thiab ua liaj ua teb Ivaschensky.

Lub nroog ntawm Luhansk cheeb tsam

Yav tas los hais cov theem siab ntawm urbanization nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Feem ntau cov neeg nyob hauv lub zos thiab loj zos. Feem ntau ntawm lawv cov loj loj industrial qhauj. . Lub nroog ntawm Luhansk cheeb tsam, lub xov tooj ntawm inhabitants ntawm uas tshaj 18 txhiab tus neeg yog: Lugansk (424.1 txhiab neeg ..), Alchevsk (110.5), Severodonetsk (108.9), Lisichansk (103.5), Krasny Luch ( 82.2), Stakhaniv (77.2), Sverdlovsk (64.9) Rubejnoe (60.0) Anthracite (54.2), Rovenki (47,4), Bryanka (46.8), Krasnodon (44 , 0) Pervomais'k (38.2), kirovsk (28.2) Perevalsk (25.7) Molodogvardejsk (23.1) Popasnaya (21.8) Sukhodolsk (20.9), pob zeb uas tawv (20, 1).

Cov lus teeb meem

Cov pejxeem ntawm Luhansk cheeb tsam hais lus feem ntau nyob rau hauv ob yam lus. Nyob rau hauv 2001, 30% ntawm cov pejxeem xav Ukrainian raws li lawv hom lus. Txawm li cas los, qhov no feem pua mas nws txawv heev, nyob ntawm seb lub hom settlements. Yog li, tsuas yog 25.5% ntawm cov pej xeem xav txog Ukrainian lawv hom lus. Nyob rau hauv lub zos, lub cev yog 63,8%. Tsuas yog 40% ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv qhia nyob rau hauv Ukrainian hom lus. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qee cov zos, muaj yog tsis muaj general ntawm Ukrainian cov tsev kawm ntawv. Feem ntau cov russified chaw: Perevalskiy (77%), Stanichno-Luganskiy (68%) thiab Lutuginsky (73%).