Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv - dab tsi yog qhov no?

Haus tib neeg pathogens ua ib tug natural defensive cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ua los ntawm kev tshuaj, uas tua cov kab mob. Tom qab kov yeej tus mob cov tshuaj nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv lub cev. Yog li txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshwm sim. Qhov no yog ib tug txheej txheem nyob rau hauv uas ib tug neeg acquires kuj mus tej yam kab mob.

txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv txheej txheem

Rau hnub tim, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog pom tias yog ib qhov zoo tshaj txoj kev mus rau tshwj kom txhob tag nrho cov hom ntawm txaus ntshai kab mob: tetanus, diphtheria, kab mob siab B, hnoos, thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Cov kev muaj muab rau tus neeg ib tug tshwj xeeb tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas activates tus tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm tus kab mob. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm, qhov no tus txheej txheem tau nqa tawm nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub 18th caug xyoo. Raws li cov kws txawj, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav pab tiv thaiv kom txhob muaj ntau yam neeg tuag los ntawm kis kab mob. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kho lub cev twb elaborated, thiab qhov tsis zoo los yog tsawg heev, muaj ntau yam yog npaum li cas mus rau hauv tus account. Ntawm lawv yog cov muaj hnub nyoog thiab lub xeev ntawm kev kho mob, thiab kom txhob raug tej yam kab mob tej pawg ntawm cov pejxeem. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv - ib txoj kev zoo rau ob leeg kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab mob thiab lawv cov uas nws kim heev kis (eg, tuberculosis).

active txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

Nws yuav ua tau ob yam thiab dag. Ntuj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshwm sim tom qab cov kab mob. Qhov thib ob yog nqa tawm los ntawm txoj kev saib xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum muaj sia nyob, nrog tuag kab mob, tshuaj, tsim los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic engineering, multicomponent, nrog tawg tsam ntawm DNA ntawm lub microbe. Yog li, active txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yeej txhawb lasting nyhuv, tiv thaiv lub cev tiv thaiv mob kab mob. Cov thawj coj ntawm qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav muab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev: intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously los yog intradermally (feem ntau npaum). Thaum active txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau qhov tseeb muab xam los ntawm koob tshuaj. Yog hais tias tus nqi yog ua zoo tshaj, cov tau rov muaj dua ntawm tus kab mob no. Thaum nws yog nws txo qis txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ices.

Nyob kab mob, txawj nyob rau hauv lub cev, nkoos cellular secretory, humoral tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los, qhov no txoj kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nws muaj nws cov drawbacks. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov tau kev vam meej ntawm tus kab mob. Raws li ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xws li ib tug ua ke nrog rau lwm cov micro-kab yuav muab ib tug npaj txhij txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Active txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv - ib txoj kev uas yog tsis haum rau cov neeg uas muaj immunodeficiency, cov neeg mob nrog leukemia, nqaij hlav, cov neeg uas tau txais radiotherapy. Lub imposition ntawm tej tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cev xeeb tub cov poj niam.

Daim ntawv thov toxoids

Feem ntau toxoids siv rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov no tshuaj, uas yog tau ua los ntawm subjecting cov taug nrog formalin. Yog li, nws yog nws txawm, tab sis khaws immunomodulating zog. Cov toxoids yog siv rau cov txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tetanus, diphtheria. Qhov no txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ob ua sawv, ib tug so nruab nrab ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau hais txog 1.5 lub hlis. Ces ib xyoos tom qab ua revaccination.

passive txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

Ib Ntus kev tiv thaiv generated ntawm passive txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog li muab cov tshuaj kom meej antigens. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no txoj kev yog siv, muab hais tias active txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tau nqa tawm rau cov kev kho mob ntawm kab laug sab tom, nab. Yog li, passive txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv - ib txoj kev uas muab tsuas yog ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm nyhuv (txawm hais tias tseem muaj) thiab feem ntau yog ua ntawv thov tom qab kev sib cuag nrog tus neeg saib xyuas. Siv thaum cov tshuaj xws li tib neeg immunoglobulin (li qub thiab kev), tshwj xeeb ntshiab. Lub indications rau kev siv ntawm immunoglobulins yog kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus kab mob siab B, qhua pias, immunodeficiency, heev o thiab kab mob. Ib immunoglobulin los ntawm cov ntshav ntshav ntawm ib tug neeg laus. Nws pre-kuaj rau lub xub ntiag ntawm kab mob. Muab intramuscularly xws tshuaj. Qhov siab tshaj plaws pes tsawg tus ntawm cov tshuaj tau pom nyob rau lub thib ob hnub. Tom qab kwv yees li 4 lub lis piam, lawv tawg ua me me. Thaum lub sij hawm thaum muaj mob txhaj tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, kws txawj pom zoo kom txhaj tshuaj sib sib zog nqus txaus.

Txuam tshuaj rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, kev txuam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov no siv npaj uas muaj xws li sib txawv antigens. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm no txoj kev yog mus txo tus naj npawb ntawm tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau rau kev tswj hwm ntawm txhua antigen. Ntxiv mus, xws li ib tug txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj txhawb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv ib tug raug luv luv lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm thiab tso cai rau kom muab antigens nyob rau hauv txawv versions (nyob ntawm seb tam sim no epidemiological teeb meem no). Ib tug ntshiab formulation yog tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus kab mob pertussis, diphtheria thiab tetanus (DPT).

tours txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav sai sai disconnect lub saw ntawm kis tau tus mob ntawm tej yam kab mob, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nqa tawm tours. Cov teeb no ntawm kev ntsuas tsom mus nqa tawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm tag nrho cov me nyuam (tsis hais seb lawv tau raug txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yav tas los). Feem ntau, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv caum-up sij hawm xws li los ntawm ib lub lim tiam rau ib lub hlis. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm tej yam ua yog txhaj tshuaj tag nrho cov neeg ntawm ib tug kab mob. Feem ntau tej kev ua no yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv tsim lub teb chaws (nyob qhov twg lub kis mob yog kim heev, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog feem ntau tsis tuaj kawm ntawv).

Tshwm sim los ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

Txawm tias txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov pejxeem - nws yog heev zoo thiab tsim nyog, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev phiv tshuaj yog tseem tau. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, ib tug yuav soj ntsuam ib tug me ntsis kub taub hau, mob ntawm lub qhov koob. Cov me nyuam ua moody, qab los noj mov poob. Tsis cais, thiab kev tsis haum tshuaj loj. Nws yog tsis tshua muaj soj ntsuam angioedema. Yog hais tias koj siv ib tug nyob tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws yog tej zaum thiaj paub hais tias nrog ib tug me me daim ntawv ntawm tus kab mob (qhua pias, rubella). Kom tsis txhob zoo li no teeb meem, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau nqa tawm kom raug. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, tus me nyuam yuav tsum tau kiag li noj qab nyob zoo. Ua ntej mus rau txhua kuj yuav tsum tau mus kuaj, uas ntsuas lub cev kub, tshuaj ntsuam hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, caj pas, lub ntsws mloog. Tsuas yog tom qab tag nrho cov no, muab cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Yuav ua li cas los pab koj tus me nyuam txav mus rau lub txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv?

Cov tshuaj ua mob nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam (short-term). Yog li ntawd, ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tus me nyuam yog ntshaw kom rov. Yog hais tias tom qab grafting kub nce (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog saum toj no 39 ° C) yuav tsum tau muab cov tshuaj kom txo tau nws. Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm tus me nyuam yog tsis zoo, phem noj mov. Nws yog tsis tsim nyog rau siv nrog lawv active ua si, yuam noj. Nws yog zoo dua mus xaiv ib co twj ywm zaug. Koj yuav tsum tsim ib tug xis sab hauv tsev climatic tej yam kev mob: huab cua yuav tsum qhuav thiab kub - siab dhau heev lawm. Nws yuav tsum tau thov txim tus me nyuam, them mloog rau nws lub siab tshaj plaws, vim hais tias nws yog tam sim no heev nyob rau hauv kev xav tau. Yog hais tias tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv qhua pias, rubella, thiab lwm yam pob, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob ua kev txhawj xeeb. Nws feem ntau yog mus tam sim ntawd rau nws tus kheej tom qab ib tug ob peb hnub. Txawm li cas los, tej lasting hloov nyob rau hauv tus cwj pwm, convulsions, ua tsis taus pa muaj teeb meem, nkees rau ib ntev lub sij hawm - ib tug loj heev yog vim li cas tig mus rau ib tug tshwj xeeb.

Immunization lub limtiam - yog dab tsi?

Lub World Health Organization tau 10 xyoo ntawm kev European Immunization lub limtiam. Cov teeb no ntawm kev ntsuas tsom ntawm disseminating cov lus qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Thaum lub sij hawm lub phiaj los nqis tes, leej twg yuav nrhiav tau tawm yog dab tsi tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj peev xwm mus tiv thaiv cov neeg, dab tsi yog qhov tseeb uas nyob rau hauv daim teb no. Immunization limtiam pab cov niam txiv ua kom ib tug xaiv nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv ib tug siv tau daim ntawv qhia txog tag nrho cov kab mob uas muaj peev xwm adversely cuam tshuam cov kev kho mob ntawm tus me nyuam. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov phiaj los nqis tes yog tias txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv - yog tus muaj peev xwm yuav tshem tau kabmob lub loj kab mob (smallpox, diphtheria), tau tshem ntawm lawv mus ib txhis.