Nyob thiab mob cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Inactivated polio tshuaj tiv thaiv: cov lus qhia, teeb meem. Inactivated tshuaj tiv thaiv - nws yog ...

Ib koob tshuaj tivthaiv (Inactivated), - ib tug tshuaj uas muaj tus kab mob hais zus nyob rau hauv kab lis kev cai, uas tau muab los ntawm txoj kev ntawm thermal kho mob thiab cov kev txiav txim ntawm lub cell tshuaj lom (formaldehyde). Tej kab mob yog kab ke haiv neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug lab puag ncig nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txo antigenicity thiab pom tau hais tias tsis yog-kis (tsis tau ntxias ib tug kab mob). Tua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txawv me npaum li cas muaj peev xwm raws li muab piv nrog nyob, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub thib ob koom haum saib xyuas daim ntawv haum muaj zog tiv thaiv.

Raws li npaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

Yuav kom tsim lawv, raws li ib tug txoj cai, siv epizootic siab phem kab mob, uas yog raug rau purification sparing (inactivation), ua rau irreparable poob ntawm tus kab mob no nyhav rau cov me nyuam (replicate), tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tau qhaib nws immunogenic thiab antigenic yam ntxwv. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum raug tua nucleic acid (viral genome), uas muaj ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv (Inactivated) - yog ib qhov chaw uas nws proliferates zoo.

Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav hloov polysaccharides, cov nqaijrog thiab glycoproteins ntawm tus kab mob no, vim hais tias ib tug defensive cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj ntawm tus kab mob no capsid. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nws loses muaj peev xwm rau cov me nyuam thiab tus kab mob, tab sis tseem muaj feem rhiab heev rau kom nyob rau hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj raug yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv.

Lub tshuab uas siv ntawm ib tug medicament

Tsim mob tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav pib nrog cov kev xaiv ntawm cov ntau lawm sab ntawm tus kab mob no, cov kab lis kev cai, thiab nws cia hnab khib nyob rau hauv lub rhiab lom lug (cell kab lis kev cai, tsiaj txhu, embryos ntawm cov noog). Ces tus kab mob no-muaj feedstock yog raug purification thiab sib tov nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev (ultra- centrifugation, pom, thiab lwm yam).

Ib koob tshuaj tivthaiv (Inactivated) - nws kuj yog ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov kev tsuas xyaus, kis cleansing cov neeg ua hauj. Qhov no tus txheej txheem yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev point, vim hais tias nws rhuav tshem cov kab mob no tsis kis rau hauv lub cev, thiab rau ib tug muaj zog tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tsim nyog yuav ua kom paub ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm tus kab mob khoom. Tus kab mob no raug tshem tawm yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov ballast tshuaj (lipids residues cellular lug, uas tsis yog-kis cov nqaijrog), uas nqa ntxiv tab kaum rau lub cev kev tiv thaiv thiab kev lom zem ntau txo cov kev siv thiab yam ntxwv ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov lus teb.

Nrhiav tom qab saturation thiab purification ntawm tus kab mob no-muaj ncua kev kawm ntawv yog raug inactivation. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tshwj xeeb yog txhoj puab heev tus kab mob no inactivation kev kho mob precedes kev txiav txim. Thaum nws yuav tsum tau los xav txog tias ballast tshuaj cuam tshuam nrog rau cov txheej txheem ntawm inactivation.

Thaum thaiv kab mob npaws yog ua (kev mob ua npaws), piv txwv li, ib tug tseem ceeb heev taw tes yog cov kev xaiv ntawm lub inactivator thiab cov inactivation ntawm ib qho zoo tagnrho ib puag ncig, ua rau nws tau mus kiag li tsis muab lub transmissibility ntawm tus kab mob no nrog rau cov loj tshaj cov nyiaj khaws tseg antigenicity. Tab sis tus tsim inactivating tshua tsis zoo kawm, thiab lawv daim ntawv thov feem ntau sim.

Properties kev mob tshuaj tiv thaiv

Rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus kab mob ailments zoo siv zog tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas muaj ob peb superior nyob. Txiav txim siab thov productivity - yog qhov zoo tshaj thiab tus naj npawb ntawm kab antigen, cov kev xaiv ntawm haum inactivator thiab cov inactivation tej yam kev mob. Lub sij hawm "mob ua npaws" yog hais txog cov kab mob ntawm lub neej teej tug mus rau yeeb tshuaj tov.

Nyob thiab mob cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog feem ntau harvested los ntawm virulent kab mob los ntawm kev rhuav tseg cov lub cev thiab tshuaj toxicity thaum ceev immunogenicity los ntawm. Cov tshuaj yuav tsum yog txawm thiab muaj ntau yam kab mob antigen rau ntxias ib tug defensive teb thiab antibody ntau lawm. Lub ib txwm chav kawm ntawm thawj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv txhaj tshuaj yog 2-3. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, tej zaum koj yuav xav tau koob txhaj tshuaj los pab txhawb lub cev.

Yuav ua li cas lawv muaj drawbacks

Inactivated tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj nce zoo unchanged, tsuas yog hais tias lawv muaj kev ruaj ntseg. Lawv yog siv mas rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub ntau lawm thiab tej chaw. Txawm li cas los, cov tshuaj no txawv nyob rau hauv ib co minuses:

• technology ntawm lawv siv yog heev tham, thiab qhov no yog vim qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm muab ib tug txiav txim tus kab mob no-muaj feedstock saturation antigen tu inactivation ntawm lub kab genome, raws li zoo raws li lub xam nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv adjuvants;
• tej zaum yuav tej zaum kuj ua kom ua xua uas ua los ntawm koob tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv;
• koj yuav tsum txhaj ntau tshaj ib zaug thiab nyob rau hauv loj koob tshuaj;
• tshuaj tiv thaiv (mob) - qhov no yog ib tug tsis muaj zog stimulator lub cev tiv thaiv, vim cov kuj ntawm lub digestive ib ntsuj av tau qog ua kua week thiab Upper pa nqe vaj lug kub yuav tshwm sim tsawg tshaj li tom qab siv nyob tshuaj tiv thaiv;
• lawv muaj peev xwm tsuas yog siv parenterally;
• tsis txaus tshuaj ntxias heev thiab mob siab heev tiv thaiv tshaj nrog nyob txhaj tshuaj.

Yuav ua li cas yog polio thiab yuav ua li cas nws manifests nws tus kheej?

Poliomyelitis yog ib tug mob yam kab mob uas noj cov paj hlwb (tus txha caj qaum tsis muaj kob tshuaj). Pib tshwm flaccid tuag tes tuag taw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub sab extremities. Ntau loj heev zaum ntawm tus txha caj qaum txhab ua rau ua pa raug ntes. Thiab ntawm no yog ib qho mob polio tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsis pab.

Clinically, tus kab mob no tej zaum yuav tau nrog los ntawm ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv kub, nqaij thiab mob taub hau nrog rau cov ntxiv tsim ntawm immobility. Mob yog kis tau los ntawm ib tug neeg mus rau lwm los ntawm txham, kev sib tham los ntawm cov dej, qias neeg khoom, raws li zoo raws li cov zaub mov. Qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob yog hais tias yuav mob. Cov kab mob kis tau sai sai, tab sis lub assumption tias qhov no yog lub polio tshwm sim thaum lub fix yog twb thawj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tuag tes tuag taw.

Lub sij hawm ntawm qhov pib ntawm tsim kom loj hlob mob mob ua ntej cov tsos ntawm cov thawj cov cim qhia kav 1-2 lub lis piam no tej zaum yuav los ntawm 4 mus rau 40 hnub. Tus kab mob no nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm cov qog ua kua week ntawm cov hnyuv los yog lub nasopharynx, bred muaj, thiab ces nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, mus txog hauv cov leeg nrob paj, lub hlwb lub hlwb thiab kom lawv puas tsuaj. Yog li ntawd, muaj cov tuag tes tuag taw.

Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv polio rau cov me nyuam

Thov tsum paub hais tias tus kab mob no yog ib tug kab mob thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb kho, rau xwb cov kab mob tsis muaj nyob. Tsuas yog zoo tshuaj los mus tiv thaiv kev mob kev nkeeg - yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Yuav kom tiv thaiv tus mob polio, ob txhais tau tias yog siv:

• Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV), uas muaj tuag kab mob thiab cov tsiaj qus hom kab mob nkag tau los ntawm txoj kev tshuaj;
• nyob qhov ncauj polio tshuaj tiv thaiv (OPV), uas muaj tsis muaj zog hloov nyob kab mob (kua dripped mus rau hauv lub qhov ncauj).

Cov khoom dab tsi rau 3 hom mob polio tus kab mob no, piv txwv li tiv thaiv tag nrho cov muaj cov kev xaiv muab kab mob. Txawm li cas los, nws tsis yog ua nyob rau hauv Russia polio tshuaj tiv thaiv, tiam sis yog ib tug txawv teb chaws cov tshuaj "Imovaks Polio", zoo suited rau grafting. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ua npaws polio tshuaj tiv thaiv txhais tau hais tias muaj nyob rau hauv lub "Tetrakok" (txuas medicament rau kev tiv thaiv tus kab mob pertussis, diphtheria thiab tetanus). Ob leeg ntawm cov nyiaj no yog siv tsis tau ua txhaum lub lag luam tawm kev cai lij choj thiab los ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv. Tej tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum muab ib txhij nrog immunoglobulin.

Inactivated polio tshuaj tiv thaiv: cov lus qhia

Ib tug variation ntawm xws tshuaj yog ua nyob rau hauv cov kua daim ntawv no, ntim yog ib tug syringe dispenser ntawm 0.5 ml. Lawv ntawv - txhaj tshuaj. Rau cov me nyuam mos mus txog rau 18 lub hlis txhaj yuav ua li cas subcutaneously nyob rau hauv lub undercut ntawm lub xub pwg los yog tus ncej puab intramuscularly. Cov me nyuam loj - tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xub pwg cheeb tsam. Yog tsis muaj contraindications nrog hwm rau lub sij hawm thiab haus dej haus txais tos, tsis muaj khoom noj khoom haus.

Los ntawm lub cev

Tom qab cov kev taw qhia ntawm polio tshuaj tiv thaiv txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm 5-8% tau cai hauv zos tshua (qhov no yog tsis ib qho teeb meem grafting) raws li liab thiab edema, tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 10 cm nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1-5% ntawm cov neeg nrhiav tau ntau vaccinal tshua ua ib ntus me me sawv nyob rau hauv kub, lub siab ntsws xav ntawm tus me nyuam rau 1-2 hnub tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Tshuaj "Imovaks Polio"

Qhov cuab yeej no muaj tau ntse siv nyob rau hauv Russia. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog sab sab, txawm yog me nyuam uas muaj cov kab mob ntawm tus mob huam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub mob polio tshuaj tiv thaiv (Inactivated) yog muab faib ua 4 theem ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj: 3, 4, thiab 6 lub hlis. Lub 18 yog ib koob.

Grafted tus me nyuam yog tsis tau hais tias yuav kis tau rau lwm tus. Txawm li cas los, nws yog advisable kom txo tau nws muaj nyob rau hauv pej xeem qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm lub lim tiam tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, vim hais tias tus me nyuam tsis muaj zog txaus tus kab mob no yuav kis tau rau lwm kab mob. Cov kev txhaj tshuaj no yog ua nyob rau hauv tus ncej puab los yog caj npab. Lub qhov koob liab cheeb tsam thawj coj "Imovaksa" yog dab tsi, thiab qhov kub thiab txias vim txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav ua tau mus 39 degrees thiab ntau dua.

Inactivated polio tshuaj tiv thaiv: mob

Ntsia ib co ntawm cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog complex tshuaj "Infanrix Hexa", "Pentaxim", "Infanrix IPV", "Tetrakok":

• otitis xov xwm;
• tsis muaj zog;
• mob hniav thiab stomatitis;
• o cov qog ntshav hauv;
• ntxhov siab vim;
• khaus khaus tawv nqaij sawv pob;
• anaphylactic poob siab;
• mob ncus thiab induration ntawm lub qhov koob cheeb tsam;
• pw tsaug zog teeb;
• cov kab mob ntawm lub Upper pa ib ntsuj av tau;
• kub cev thiab nws cov kauj ruam chua;
• Angioedema;
• xeev siab;
• raws plab;
• ntuav;
• txawv txawv quaj;
• kom nyob rau hauv lub cev kub.

Feem ntau muaj cov teeb meem, thiab tsub kom lub load rau ntawm cov me nyuam tiv thaiv system, thaum yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tus mob polio thiab DTP. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj peev xwm yuav ntes tau ob qho tib si los ntawm cov dauv thiab ntawm tus kab mob pertussis-tetanus nyiaj.

Contraindications

Polio tshuaj tiv thaiv - qhov no yog tsis txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob dev vwm kab lis kev cai (kev mob ua npaws), uas yog tsim los ntawm cov tsiaj kab mob dev vwm. Qhov no yog feem ntau ib tug kho, tiv thaiv cov me nyuam los ntawm ntxiv tuag tes tuag taw thiab tejzaum nws txoj kev tuag. Cia li ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tsim nyog mus xyuas ib tug cov menyuam yaus yuav coj nws kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv ib tug general tsom xam ntawm cov zis thiab ntshav, thiab ces tso lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug kev kho mob lub chaw kho mob. Raws li cov analyses ua los ntawm cov kev soj ntsuam xyuas thiab tus me nyuam tus kws kho mob yuav qhia rau koj yog hais tias nws yuav tsim ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lub caij. Rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kev txwv muaj xws li:

1. Depletion.
2. Loj kab mob los yog exacerbation ntawm tus kab mob.
3. teething.
4. Immunodeficiency (txo nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm leukocytes).
5. Npau taws me ntsis rau cov khoom xyaw.
6. Mob inflammatory cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los yog ib feem ntawm nws exacerbation.
7. Neoplasms ntawm lub hematopoietic thiab lymphoid cov ntaub so ntswg.

Tom qab kev txom nyem ib tug mob loj los yog nws cov aggravation ua lub tshuaj tiv thaiv koj tus me nyuam yuav tsis muaj ntxov tshaj 14 hnub ntawm lub hnub tim ntawm cov ntshav kho ntawm tej nqi. Cov tib contraindications nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob uas tus me nyuam txoj kev noj qab haus huv, tab sis kis tus kab mob tau tus kab mob los ntawm ib tug ntawm tsev neeg. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tswj hwm (thiab uas kev mob ua npaws tshuaj tiv thaiv - muaj cuab kav hu mus rau tag nrho cov) me nyuam xav tau ib lub lim tiam kom tsis txhob sau ntawv rau hauv lub tom ntej no pub mis.

Care yuav tsum tau coj

Cov neeg uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tus mob polio (tsis hais txog ntawm lub hnub nyoog) kev txom nyem nrog rau cov immunodeficiency yuav kis tau kab mob los ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cov me nyuam thiab muaj mob tshuaj tiv thaiv mob poliomyelitis (VAP). Muaj mob thaum ib tug me nyuam kis tau tus mob los ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cov niam txiv uas muaj AIDS los yog HIV, raws li zoo raws li cov txheeb ze nrog thawj zaug tiv thaiv los yog cov neeg noj cov tshuaj uas ua kom puas lub cev kws muaj txuj ci (rau cov kev kho mob ntawm oncological ailments).

Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv xws kab mob raws li tus mob polio, yog hais tias nws yog ua li cas raug thiab los ntawm tag nrho cov qauv, yuav pab tau lub cev tsis kho tus me nyuam dab txaus ntshai thiab mob mob. Thiab, yog li ntawd, yuav ua rau tus me nyuam muaj zog, tawv nws lub cev thiab tiv thaiv rau cov niam txiv los ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov teeb meem kev xav, uas feem ntau yog muaj nyiaj mus dhau tsev neeg muaj mob heev heev tus me nyuam.