Tuam Tshoj Syma Tsyan

Sau monuments qhia rau peb hais tias thaum lub sij hawm txoj cai ntawm lub Shang-intsev rau Srednekitayskoy tiaj preceded lub sij hawm, hereinafter xa mus rau raws li lub keeb kwm kev lig kev cai ntawm lub Xia Dynasty. Cov ancient Suav historian Syma Tsyan, uas tsim nyob rau hauv qhov kuv pua. BC. e. nws nto moo "Keeb kwm ntaub ntawv", tseem ceeb ib qho era nyob rau hauv uas "peb dynasties" (Xia, Shang thiab Zhou), uas nws contrasts nrog lub ntej lub sij hawm ntawm "tsib emperors". Syma Tsyan yog tus tub ntawm nws muaj hnub nyoog thiab xav tias nws kawm pawg. Cuaj kaum, nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm ntawm lub deeds ntawm cov ancient "emperors" paub cov yam ntxwv, uas txhais lawv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub socio-keeb kwm txheej txheem.

Ib tug ntawm cov "Tsib emperors" Yao yog ib tug txiv neej, ib tug paub qab hau thiab tsim nyog ua tus kav uas yog cov laus, nws pib mus nrhiav ib tug successor nrog nws kawm. Nws xaiv, nws nres ntawm lub Shu-tsis yog, thiab tsom tus muaj peev xwm los ua pov thawj lawv txoj cai yuav tsum tau cov successor mus Yao. Shun cai raws li kev vam meej raws li nws cov thawj ntawm, thiab ces, tom qab nws tus yam ntxwv, muab lub zwm txwv nquag thiab muaj peev xwm Yu. Txawm li cas los, lub tom kawg tsoo nrog kev lig kev cai, thiab tau ua tau zoo los ntawm nws tus tub. Ntawd, muaj ib lub Xia dynasty.

Thaj, nyob rau hauv no kev lig kev cai uas peb tau hnov lub suab ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev hloov, cim kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov laus txheej thaum ub kev txiav txim thiab coj mus rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug hereditary lub hwj chim. Tam sim no, science twb tsis muaj undisputed pov thawj ntawm tus historicity ntawm lub Xia Dynasty. Tuam Tshoj Syma Tsyan.

Tab sis lub hav zoov ntawm XVII-XI centuries. BC. e. protogosudarstvennyh th kawm Shang muaj pov thawj pom epigraphic monuments uas lub sij hawm - qhov thiaj li hu ua Yin oracle inscriptions. Decipherment thiab kev txhais cov qhov chaw (nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub sij archeological cov ntaub ntawv) yuav ua rau nws tau los lub ntsiab theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub Yin zej zog.

Muaj ntau nta nyob rau hauv lub kab lis kev cai intsev qhia ib tug kev lig kev cai ncab rov qab mus rau lub caij sij hawm Neolithic. Ntawm Yin twb mus txog ib tug kuj theem siab ntawm kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm metallurgy (bronze ua), tab sis cov no ua tau yuav luag tsis ntxim rau cov specifics ntawm cov cuab yeej nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab cheeb tsam ntawm kev sib raug ntau lawm - ua liaj ua teb: teb, raws li ua ntej, tau kho feem ntau ntoo thiab pob zeb cov cuab yeej, thiab bronze siv mas rau qhov siv thiab ua riam phom thiab ritual tais diav.

Tuam Tshoj Syma Tsyan