Transformation piv ntawm cov transformer

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub lag luam ntawm lub transformer txiav txim seb tus phenomenon ntawm electromagnetic induction. Ib tug transformer tub ntxhais yog muaj li ntawm ib tug neeg hlau daim hlau, ua ke rau hauv ib lub kaw ncej ntawm ib daim ntawv. Thaum cov tub ntxhais yog muab tso rau ob winding S₁ thiab S₂ nrog tus xov tooj ntawm koj lem thiab w₁ w₂. Lub windings muaj ib tug me ntsis kuj thiab siab inductance.

Muaj feem xyuam rau tag nrho ob qho xaus ntawm lub winding S₁, uas peb hu rau cov thawj alternating voltage U₁. Los ntawm winding pass alternating tam sim no kuv, uas magnetize cov tub ntxhais steel los tso nws nyob rau hauv lub alternating magnetic flux. Magnetizing tam sim no txiav txim proportional rau tus xov tooj ntawm ampere-lem (Iw₁).

Raws li tam sim no sawv yuav ua rau kom lub magnetic flux nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais, uas yuav deev cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub lem ntawm lub kauj electromotive quab yuam ntawm nws tus kheej-induction. Thaum nws nce mus txog tus applied voltage, ib tug tam sim no nce nyob rau hauv cov thawj Circuit Court lawm. Yog li, nyob rau hauv lub transformer thawj winding Circuit Court yuav khiav lag luam U₁ thov voltage thiab electromotive quab yuam ntawm nws tus kheej-induction E₁. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus voltage U₁ E₁ ntau dua tus nqi ntawm voltage nco nyob rau hauv lub winding yog heev me me. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav kwv yees li sau:

U₁ = E₁.

Alternating magnetic flux tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub transformer tub ntxhais, kis tseem nyob rau nws theem nrab winding coils, txhua kauj exciting kauj xws li hais tias lub qhov ntau ntawm cov electromotive quab yuam raws li ib tug thawj winding ntawm txhua kauj.

Raws li qhov tseeb hais tias lub xov tooj ntawm thawj lem sib npaug w₁, thiab theem nrab - w₂, yog inducted rau hauv tus quab yuam lawv yog, ntsig txog, sib npaug zos rau:

E₁ = w₁e,

E₂ = w₂e,

qhov twg e - electromotive quab yuam generated nyob rau hauv ib tug kauj.

Lub voltage rau hauv lub xaus ntawm lub U₂ qhib winding electromotive quab yuam yog sib npaug zos rau nws, piv txwv li.:

U₂ = E₂.

Yog li ntawd, peb yuav xaus uas lub voltage rau ob hnub ntawm lub transformer thawj winding li hais txog tus nqi ntawm cov voltage rau hauv lub xaus ntawm lub thib ob kauj, tus xov tooj ntawm thawj lem txog tus naj npawb ntawm cov lem nyob rau hauv lub qhov winding:

(U₁ / U₂) = (w₁ / w₂) = k.

Qhov k - tam sim no transformer ratios.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas, yog hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los ua rau kom cov voltage, npaj ob winding nrog lub nce ntawm lem (lub thiaj-hu ua kauj ruam-up transformer); nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas nws yog tsim nyog los txo cov voltage, lub qhov winding ntawm lub transformer noj nrog ib tug me me muaj pes tsawg tus lem (step-down transformer). Ib tug transformer yuav ua raws li ob qho tib si ib kauj ruam-up transformation ratio, thiab raws li ib kauj ruam-down, nyob ntawm seb uas yog siv raws li ib tug thawj winding.

Thaum ob winding yog qhib (yog tsis muaj AC). Lub transformer yog idling. Yog li ntawd nws kov me ntsis zog, txij thaum lub tam sim no, magnetizing hlau tub ntxhais vim ib tug loj inductance kauj yog heev me me. Zog kis tau tus mob mus rau lub thib ob Circuit Court los ntawm tus thawj thaum offline. Qhov no muab ib lub sij hawm los kawm transformation ratio, cov kuj ntawm lub kaw thiab tam sim no transformer.

Transformer load, ib tug ntoo khaub lig los ntawm resistor Circuit Court theem nrab winding. Nws yuav tam sim no mus rau lub induction tam sim no, denoted los ntawm tsab ntawv I₂. Qhov no tam sim no, raws li Lenz txoj cai yuav ua rau ib tug txo ntawm lub magnetic flux nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais. Txawm li cas los, lub weakening ntawm lub magnetic flux nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais yuav txo nws tus kheej-induction electromotive quab yuam nyob rau hauv cov thawj winding thiab mus rau ib qho tsis txaus ntawm no quab yuam thiab cov voltage E₁ U₁, muab los ntawm cov generator mus rau lub thawj winding. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, cov thawj winding tam sim no nce mus rau tej nqi I₁ thiab yuav sib npaug zos rau kuv + I₁. Vim qhov kev nce rau ntawm qhov tam sim no magnetic flux nyob rau hauv lub transformer tub ntxhais yuav nce mus rau nws yav dhau los tus nqi thiab cov tsis txaus ntawm U₁ thiab E₁ yog txum tim rov qab. Yog li, cov tsos ntawm cov theem nrab tam sim no I₂ ua rau ib qho kev nce rau hauv tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov thawj winding los ntawm cov nqi I₁, uas detects cov load tam sim no ntawm cov thawj winding ntawm lub transformer.

Thaum lub load ntawm lub transformer yog ua tas mus li kis tau tus mob ntawm lub zog nyob rau hauv lub thib ob Circuit Court los ntawm tus thawj. Los ntawm txoj cai lij choj ntawm kev txuag thiab transformation ntawm lub zog, tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov thawj Circuit Court hwj chim yog sib npaug zos rau qhov tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub thib ob hwj chim Circuit Court; yog li ntawd, yuav tsum ua koob pheej ntawm lawv:

I₁ U₁ = I₂U₂.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no koob pheej ntawm lawv yog tsis cai, xws li nyob rau hauv lub transformer muaj losses, tab sis yog me me. Lub transformation piv txog 94-99%.