Tracing ntawv Leningrad - daim ntawv

Lo lus originates los ntawm cov tracing ntawm cov lus Fab Kis - Fabkis. calque, uas txhais tau tias ib daim ntawv ntawm ib tug Stencil. Muaj lub teeb kev lag luam khoom rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm - ib tug ob peb centuries dhau los, thaum ua ntawv thov universally architects, ntxias, thiab engineering majors raws li tej uas txuam nrog kev luam paintings, kos duab, thiab ntau yam schemes. Nws tsis yog nyuaj rau twv hais tias tus thaub qab twb tau los tso tracing ntawv mus rau tus thawj ua tsaug rau nws cov transparency, nws qhia txog cov Circuit Court. Qhov no yog nrees entrenched nyob rau hauv peb lub neej, thiab kev tu siab los yog kev kaj siab, yog siv tam sim no.

Uas tso cai rau kev siv ntawm tracing ntawv rau tej hom phiaj? Ntawm cov hoob kawm qhov zoo tshaj, xws li ceev thiab thickness (nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb - ib tug transparency). Pob tshab tracing ntawv siab zoo yuav tsum tau niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv ob peb txoj kev - los ntawm kev ua cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kev sib tsoo Schopper-Riggleru (mus txog 94 degrees) thiab calendering. Ob, cov qauv no yog kim, tab sis, raws li, tso cai rau kom muab tau ib tug ntau dua kev ceev thiab kuj mus rupture ntawm zoo heev transparency. Lub ntau lawm kuj siv ib tug ua ke ntawm lawv, raws li ib yam ntawm cov dabtsi. Raws li txoj kev mus, rau piv txwv, developers khij ntawm Leningrad, uas pab kom tau tus tsim nyog ntawv tracing siab zoo, thaum tsim nyog tus nqi theem. Thaum piv Soviet tau khij yam ntxwv (GOST 892-70) thiab hais tias daim ntawv khij Leningrad, pom raws li superior Gostovskaya thib ob ceev, lub zog (piv txwv li. E. thickness tseem zoo) nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tsis inferior nyob rau hauv transparency. Cov khoom no yog siv rau yog nqus raws li ib tug number case (number case rau tracing yog siv los luam cov drawings, "laus-fashioned"), thiab "ib tug cwj mem", thiab tso cai rau kev siv ntawm theem ntawm tracing ntawv, txawm ci nyob rau hauv qhov cub. Txij li thaum tracing yog tseem zoo daim ntawv, tus harmlessness ntawm nws cov Cheebtsam txiav txim rau daim ntawv thov, xws li nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov kev lag luam (e.g., cushioning khoom thaum lub sij hawm thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom). Nws tseem yog nqi hais txog cov ntau lawm cov qauv thaum xaws kev lag luam, vim hais tias muaj tshaj li nyob qhov twg lwm xav tau ib tug pob tshab thiab tuab cov ntaub ntawv uas rau siab precision tej.

Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm technology, uniquely, tracing ntawv pom tsawg daim ntaub ntawv rau tib daim qauv ntawm drawings, vim hais tias muaj CAD thiab qhov yuav tsum tau rau ib tug structurally complex drawings tau xwb, tab sis nws yog tsim nyog hais tias cov khoom tau pom ib tug thib ob lub neej nyob rau hauv lub digital printing thiab luam drawings los ntawm electrophotography. Nyob rau hauv lem, ntau lub teeb kev lag luam tam sim no txawm yuav tsis ua tsis muaj tracing ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li tawm ntawm kev sib tw, nws yog ib qho nyuaj mus hlais ib tug niche nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam. Cia li ib lo lus nug ntawm qhov chaw uas yuav tracing ntawv, lag luam wholesale los yog muag khoom, dab tsi yog qhov nqi rau tracing ntawv tam sim no? Tom qab tag nrho, muaj ntau yam Soviet rov qab los rau hauv lub ntau lawm kab nyob rau ntawm tus tshiab proizvodstennyh tapes khiav lag luam tshiab pipelines uas tsim tracing. Teeb meem rau qhov teeb meem mov yog tsis cai. Nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam muaj cov khoom tshiab, xws li tracing ntawv Leningrad, uas suppresses lawv unmatched zoo thiab dej siab mov tej yam kev mob. Cov kev ntawm cov khoom nce qib yog heev yooj yim - ib tug keej ua ke thiab kev siv ntawm lub Soviet qhua zoo thiab hauj nrhav, ua tsaug rau uas yog yug los zoo meej daim ntawv qhia khoom.