Tin thiab nws cov khoom, tin ore

Tin - ib yam khoom uas denoted los ntawm lub cim thiab SN teej tug mus rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm lub teeb hlau. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm (chav) kub tsis hnov mob nrog tog twg los cov pa los yog cov dej. Thaum lub sij hawm, muaj peev xwm los npog ib tug tshwj xeeb zaj duab xis, uas tiv thaiv cov hlau los ntawm corrosion.

Cov kev ceev ntawm tin yog 20 ° C, 7.3 gram ib nyhav centimeter, thaum lub melting point ntawm ambient kub (231,9 ° C) - 6,98 grams tauj ib nyhav centimeter.

Tin exhibits lub nram qab no oxidation xeev: +2, +4. Cov feem ntau theem ntawm 4, tab sis nrog ib tug degree ntawm tin 2 yog ib tug muaj zog txo neeg sawv cev.

Raws li twb hais saum toj no, tin yog ruaj khov rau cov pa thiab dej nyob chav tsev kub, tab sis nws oxidize tau - nyob rau hauv ib tug kub saum toj no 150 ° C.

Rhuab tin reacts nrog rau feem ntau uas tsis yog-hlau yuav hnov mob nrog cov sulfuric acid, tiam sis tsuas yog hais tias nws yog feeb meej.

Nyob rau hauv kev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub tin thiab concentrated nitric acid exhibits ib tug cwj pwm yam ntxwv uas tsis yog-hlau, tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm tin acid.

Yuav hnov mob nrog alkalis diluted nyob rau hauv cov dej los ntawm cua sov rau cov tin hydroxide yog decomposed rau hauv oxide thiab dej.

Tsis zoo li ib co lwm yam tshuaj hais, tin tau tsis los ntawm zoo xws li cov tshua, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm melting thiab purification ntawm tin ore.

Tin ore yog qho tseem ceeb heev rau ib tug neeg, txawm hais tias kuj tsis tshua muaj pob txha. Nyob rau hauv Russia, lub ntsiab kuv no ore yog nyob rau hauv Eastern Siberia, kuj yuav pom tin nyob rau hauv Yakutia.

Cov feem ntau tin ore nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tin pob zeb, kuj hu ua cassiterite. Tej zaum, tus thawj cassiterites twb pom nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Homer, thiab lawv tau pom nyob rau hauv tim Nkij teb chaws - vim hais tias lo lus cassiterite yog ntawm Greek keeb kwm.

Feem ntau cov yuav, tin pob zeb twb rov qab los rau lub tin los ntawm kev huam yuaj, thiab zoo nkauj hlau yog heev attracted rau cov neeg. Tab sis nws yog tseeb hais tias nws yog heev tsawg tsawg thiab kim - cov tseem muaj sia nyob Greek thiab Roman Antiquities ntawm tin khoom tshwm sim, tab sis tsis tshua muaj.

Tam sim no, lub tin yog tsis tsim nyog ib tug ntau ntawm cov nyiaj, tab sis tam sim no cov khoom ua los ntawm nws yog heev tsis tshua muaj.

Deposits ntawm tin pob zeb pom ob hom: thawj thiab. Tus thawj tin ore yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub granite thiab lwm yam pob zeb, thiab tib ob yog me me nplej, tov nrog av nplaum.

Rau cov ntshiab hlau tin ore yog melted nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov cub rau peb hnub, ua raws li los ntawm ib tug hlau tog. Yuav ua li cas yog nthuav, yog tias koj xub tau mus rau hauv lub qhov xau dej qhov slag, lub tin yog me me, thiab yog hais tias lub tin ntws tam sim ntawd, tawm hauv qab cov slag, tus nqi yog loj txaus.

Ntshiab tin - ib tug zoo nkauj, silvery-dawb, mos hlau - siv nyob rau hauv ntau industries. Los ntawm nws yog ua cov tais diav, khoom noj khoom haus tin, haus ntim. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj lo thiab additives, nws yog siv rau txheej ntau cov khoom ntawm hlau. Lub tin txheej yog los tiv thaiv cov tsab xov xwm los ntawm corrosion thiab los txhim kho nws cov tsos.

Ntxiv mus, tin yog ib qho yooj yim mus rau daim ntawv sib txawv alloys nrog rau lwm cov co, uas muaj xws li tag nrho cov paub thiab raws li bronze. Ntxiv mus, tin, tshuaj zog uas undoubtedly ceeb, muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm txoj kev ib tug hlau nrog carbon - nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus ib organometallic compound.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm organometallic (txwv tsis pub - organotin) tebchaw yog heev: lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua stabilizers rau PVC, ua liaj ua teb tshuaj, xim rau cov ntoo.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib co tin alloys yog siv los txo cov flammability thiab toxicity ntawm cov pa luam yeeb generated thaum lub sij hawm combustion ntawm ntau yas thiab synthetics.