Teem lub "Beech": cov duab, firing khwv. Cov kev ua tau yam ntxwv ntawm SAM "Buk"

Niaj hnub no peb yuav tsom rau tej riam phom li raws li missile systems "Buk". Qhov tsab xov xwm muaj dab tsi ua nrog kev nom kev tswv, ces peb yuav xav txog qhov purely kev sab ntawm lub qhov teeb meem. Wb sim kom to taub ib tug me ntsis ntawm dab tsi yuav muab nws tus kheej-propelled Army missile anti-aircraft system, tau ntsib nrog nws tactical thiab kev yam ntxwv, firing khwv, nyob rau hauv luv luv, nrog rau tag nrho nws muaj peev xwm. Yog li ntawd, peb cog "Buk".

lub keeb kwm

Ua ntej koj yuav los txiav txim rau cov lo lus uas peb ntawm cov installation. Nws yog txoj kev puas tsuaj ntawm aerodynamic lub hom phaj ya rau nruab nrab thiab tsawg altitudes ntawm speeds mus txog 830 m / sec, Maneuvering nrog 12 ib overloads thiab ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 30 kis lus mev. Nyob rau hauv raws li cov hom phiaj ntawm lub USSR thiab cov CPSU Central Committee on Lub ib hlis ntuj 13, 1972 thiab pib nws txoj kev loj hlob. Muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv no collective ntawm developers thiab manufacturers, uas koom nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm ua ntej lawm SAM "Thawv muaj rau sab". Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm peb tau taw mus tsim lub complex M-22, hu ua "Nag xob nag cua" rau lub Navy, siv rockets, tau siab tshaj lub "Buk".

developers

Raws li developers tau lawm tias: Kev tshawb fawb lub koom haum ntawm instrumentation thiab kev tshawb fawb thiab tsim Association, uas muaj lub npe "Fazotron". Rastov A. A. teem tseg chief designer ntawm lub complex. Pre-loading installation yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub engineering KB "Start", qhov twg cov thawj coj yog Yaskin A. I. crawler, koom rau lub complex machines, tsim lub Mytishchi tshuab-tsev nroj tsuag, uas tau coj los ntawm Astrov N. A. 9M38 cuaj luaj tasked los tsim Sverdlovsk ICD "innovator". nrhiav kom tau chaw nres tsheb thiab, ntawm chav kawm, hom phiaj "Dome" yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm xab thiab precision seev ntawm lub Ministry ntawm xov tooj cua. Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau lub "Buk" yuav yog tag nrho ua hauj lwm, nws tau tsim ib lub pob ntawm cov chaw thiab kev them nyiaj yug nyob rau hauv chassis. Cov kawm tiav ntawm lub preparatory theem tau lawm los rau lub quarter thib ob ntawm 1975.

kev hloov ntawm cov kev npaj

Daws teeb meem ntawm lub USSR thiab cov CPSU Central Committee ntawm 22 Tej zaum 1974, nyob rau hauv view ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau rau ib tug hais ntxiv dag zog rau huab cua tiv thaiv armored kev sib cais nrog nce txee "Thawv muaj rau sab", uas yog ib feem ntawm lub division, kom los ua ib tug complex "Beech" nyob rau hauv ob ua sawv. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov nws yog tsim nyog los sai tsim ib tug tswj anti-aircraft missiles thiab hluav taws self-propelled complex, uas yuav khiav 9M38 missiles, raws li zoo raws li 3M9M3 uas twb muaj lawm txoj "Kub-M3". Ces nyob rau hauv no raws peb tau los ua ib tug "Buk" - missile system ntawm ib tug tshiab tiam. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1974 mus kom nws kev koom tes nyob rau hauv kev sib koom tej kev txom nyem. Tab sis hais txog ntawm no, lub yav tas los tsa lub sij hawm tau siab complied nrog.

Hluav Taws self-propelled phom 9A38

Nws twb mounted rau cov chassis ntawm cov GM-569, thiab nws yog nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev xwb combines lub zog ntawm ib tug self-propelled Pu kuv Surnov siv nyob rau hauv lub "Kub-M3". Tsim installation 9A38 muab zoo mus nrhiav nyob hauv ib tug muab sector, ua kom paub tias thiab lub tom ntej capture ntawm lub hom phaj rau automatic mus txog qhovtwg. nws kuj daws tau qhov teeb meem ua ntej pib, pib thiab peb homing missiles, uas tau nyob rau nws, thiab lwm yam peb 3M9M3-guided cuaj luaj los ntawm mating nrog nws 2P25M3 PU. Hluav Taws apparatus yuav siv nrog tog twg los Surnov thiab autonomously. Nws yuag - 34 tons. Nws muaj SAM "Buk" ntawm: Radar 9s35; Cov xam system; optically TV reticle; oob khab nrog lub hwj chim servo drives; radar av interrogator, uas ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub "Password"; khoom nrog SPU thiab Surnov; ib tug roj turbine generator; khoom orientation, topographical thauj tog rau nkoj thiab navigation; pab cawm txoj sia systems.

Muaj nuj nqi radar 9S35

Yuav kom piav qhia txog lub sij hawm loj txoj kev kawm nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm lub quartz thiab txhua yam lim muaj tau mus txog, microwave pab kiag li lawm, cov xam cov cav tov, uas tso cai rau nyob rau hauv radar 9S35, ib feem ntawm lub complex "Beech", muab lub zog ntawm illumination noj, nrhiav kom tau thiab lub hom phiaj mus txog qhovtwg. Nws yuav siv ob transmitters - mem tes thiab tas mus li yoj, nws nws tus kheej ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub centimeter wavelength ntau yam. Ib transmitter mus ntes thiab taug qab lub hom phiaj, tus lwm yam - backlit hom phiaj thiab tej tshuaj anti-aircraft missiles. Kav hlau txais xov system tshawb sectors electromechanical Pib ntsais koj teeb tau ua los ntawm cov zauv ua central computer. 9S35 hloov lub sij hawm, ib feem ntawm cov SAM "Buk" los ntawm standby hom nyob rau hauv nqe ntaus rog yog tsawg tshaj nees nkaum vib nas this. lub hom phiaj tshaj tawm tau txiav txim nrog ib tug neeg ntawm 10 -20 m / s, yog li kom ntseeg tau lawv cov kev xaiv nyob rau hauv ib tug mus xeev. .. yuam kev: rms raws li ntsuas angular tswj yog 0.5 g ntawm ib tug tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ntau yam - 175 meters. Cov chaw nres tsheb muaj tau tiv thaiv los ntawm tag nrho cov active, neej thiab swb.

Anti-aircraft missile 9M38

Qhov no foob pob ua ntxaij, uas yog ib feem ntawm SAM "Buck" twb thov tau dual-hom engine. Vim lub complexity ntawm kev uas tsuas tso tseg kev siv ntawm ram. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws muaj ib tug high kuj rau ib co, mas passive qhov chaw ntawm lub trajectory thiab thaum muaj kev kub kaum sab xis ntawm nres yog tsis ruaj tsis khov nyob rau hauv lub lag luam. Vim li no, tus creation ntawm lub neej twb cuam tshuam SAM "Thawv muaj rau sab". missile tswvyim ib txwm, standard, X-zoo li tus, muaj ib tug uas tsis muaj nam piv tis. Thaum tus thawj nuam nws cov tsos zoo li ib lub nkoj tus anti-aircraft missiles tsev neeg "tartar" thiab "Standard" manufactured nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws USA nyob rau hauv tag nrho raws li cov kev txwv nyob rau hauv loj rau lub Soviet rog. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub 9M38 muab tso seev autopilot, semiactive GMN, warhead thiab kev noj haus. Muaj tsis muaj foob pob ua ntxaij qhov chaw, nkauj nraug nyob rau hauv lub davhlau, nws kav ntev npaum - 5.5 meters, txoj kab uas hla - 400 mm, kauj cheb - 860 millimeters. Nws twb nruab nrog ib tug homing lub taub hau, uas muaj ib tug system tswj nrog rau kev siv cov proportional navigation. "Beech" - missile system muaj xws li ib tug foob pob ua ntxaij - yuav ntaus lub hom phaj ya rau altitudes ntawm 25 meters mus rau 20 000 thiab ib tug ntau yam ntawm peb thiab ib nrab rau 32 km, nws ceev - 1000 m / sec. Lub missile muaj ib tug luj ntawm 685 kg, nrog rau 70 kg warhead.

installation xeem "Beech"

Teem lub "Buk" los ntawm Lub yim hli ntuj 1975 mus rau thaum xaus ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj tom ntej no, nyob rau hauv 1976, dhau lub xeev cov ntawv xeem. Nws coj lawv Bimbash PS, thiab lawv tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Emba polygon. Raws li koj tau pom, lub installation ntawm "Buk" (yees duab ntawm nws sawv cev nyob rau hauv lub daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas) muaj: Surnov 1S91M3, hluav taws kub installation 9A38, nto-rau-huab cua missile 3M9M3 thiab 9M38, self-propelled PU 2P25M3 thiab txij nkawm ntawm machinery. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ib txhia hloov tau los: ib tug ntau ntawm helicopters nrhiav kom tau yog 21-35 kilometers thaum uas tsis muaj altitudes, lub aircraft - 32-41 km. Lub sij hawm missile community launch ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub hom phiaj kom paub tias yog 24-27 vib nas this. Them lub sij hawm thiab ntxub - cuaj feeb. Swb aircraft missile 9M38 tau muab: ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 3,5-20,5 km - nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm dua 3000 meters, 5-15,5 km - ntawm ib qhov siab ntawm 30 meters. Lub cheeb tsam cov nyob rau thaum kawg parameter yog 18.5 km nyob rau hauv qhov siab - los ntawm 30 m rau 14.5 km. Qhov ntau yam ntawm hluav taws - 0,70-0,93 thaum pib ib lub tsheb. Nyob rau hauv 1978, cov nroj tsuag "Buk-1" ( "Thawv muaj rau sab-M4") tau muab tso rau hauv qhov kev pab.

Nta "Buck", qhov hais kom ua ncej

Peb tam sim no paub tias muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus hais txog qhov suav hais tias armed. Nws yog lub sij hawm rau pab pawg neeg lub feem ntau yooj yim nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw. Yog li ntawd, peb muaj ib tug complex "Beech". Cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws kev sib ntaus los cuab tam nram qab no. 9S470 - hais kom ua post mounted rau cov GM-579 - muab ib tug zaub, txais tos thiab ua ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb nrhiav kom tau thiab targeting, raws li zoo raws li rau 9A310 - hluav taws kub self-propelled units. Nws muab ib tug xaiv ntawm cov tej lub hom phaj thiab lawv tej tis rau ntawm txhais tes thiab tsis siv neeg hom ntawm firing self-propelled units, nqa tawm neeg ua hauj lwm lawv yog lub luag hauj lwm sectors thiab ntau lwm yam tseem ceeb ua ub no. Complex "Beech", ua tsaug rau phau ntawv, ua hauj lwm zoo thaum uas siv cov cuaj luaj tiv thaiv radar thiab cuam. Team yam khoom 46 tej zaum yuav ua lub hom phaj nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 20,000 meters nyob rau hauv ib tsam muaj ib lub vojvoog ntawm 100 000 m. Yuav kom rau lub hom phiaj indications muab ib lub voj voog xyuas chaw nres tsheb. 28 tons - ceeb thawj ntawm lub KP, muab ib tug neeg coob ntawm rau.

targeting thiab nrhiav kom tau chaw nres tsheb "Dome"

Peb mus txuas ntxiv los tham txog dab tsi hauv cov nroj tsuag "Buk". Nta "Dome" - lub theem tom ntej ntawm nws xav. Qhov no qhov chaw nres tsheb muaj ib tug hluav taws xob beam PP nyob rau hauv nce ntawm 30-40 degrees sector nrog ib tug txhua yam kev sib hloov ntawm lub kav hlau txais xov rau ib tug muab azimuth. Purpose 9S18 - nrhiav kom tau thiab qhia kom paub txog lub hom phaj nyob rau hauv cov huab cua nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 30 meters rau 45,5 km, ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 120 kis lus mev. Ces, rau qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv cov huab cua ntaub ntawv yog kis tau mus rau lub gearbox 9S470. Nyob ntawm seb lub teeb-sector cuam thiab nyob rau ntawm saib tus nqi sib npaug zos rau 5-18 vib nas this ntawm circumferential xyuas thiab 2.5-4.5 vib nas this thaum lub sector kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm 30 degrees. Kis tus tau ntaub ntawv telecode kab thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev soj ntsuam, yog 4.5 vib nas this, nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 75 cov qhab nia. Nws yog tsim los thiab kev tiv thaiv tej yam, cov lus teb, asynchronous mem tes cuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis hais ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm kev tiv thaiv suab nrov hais tias no situated nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 5000 meters fighter. "Dome", ib feem ntawm cov anti-aircraft complex "Beech", nyob rau hauv lem, muaj ib tug rotator, kav hlau txais xov lub chaw nres tsheb, kav hlau txais xov nrhiav ntaus ntawv, ib tug txais ntaus ntawv, cov kis ntaus ntawv thiab lwm lub. Nyob rau hauv lub deployed txoj hauj lwm qhov chaw nres tsheb nyob rau hauv tsib feeb dhau los ntawm travelling ntawm lub luag hauj lwm - nyob rau hauv 20 vib nas this.

Txawv firing sib 9A310 thiab 9A38

Initial installation ntawm lub thib ob ( "Beech-1"), yus nyob rau hauv uas sib txuas lus los ntawm telecode kab yog tsis self-propelled thiab PU 2P25M3 Surnov 1S91M3, thiab nrog ROM 9A39 thiab hais kom ncej 9S470. 9A310 kuj muaj plaub 9M38 tswj anti-aircraft missiles nyob rau hauv nws cov starting ntaus ntawv, es peb. Nws them twb nqa tawm rau 12 thiab ib tug ib nrab feeb los ntawm lub ROM thiab 16 feeb - los ntawm lub tsheb thauj logistics. Nyhav - 32,4 tons, xws li plaub tug neeg sib ntaus sib tua neeg coob. Lub dav ntawm qhov hluav taws kub self-propelled - 3,25 meters, ntev - 9.3 m, qhov siab - 3.8 meters. Cia peb kawm saib tau ntau tshaj ntawm li cas yuav muab ib tug complex "Beech". Nyob rau hauv no yees duab, peb yuav, raws li ib txwm.

9A39 - pib-loading installation

Qhov no ROM tau ntsia rau qhov chassis ntawm cov GM-577. Nws lub hom phiaj - cia thiab tsheb thauj mus los ntawm tej tshuaj anti-aircraft missiles - yim daim plaub uas nyob rau tsau housings, plaub - nyob rau starting ntaus ntawv. nws kuj yog npaj rau lub lub community launch ntawm plaub cuaj luaj, ntxiv rau lawv tus kheej loading lawv nrog lodgements, tom ntej self-them yim rockets los ntawm lub tsheb thauj muab. Yog li, "Beech" - missile system, uas combines lub zog ntawm ib tug ROM self-propelled PU ua ntej lawm complex "Thawv muaj rau sab" thiab TPM. Nws muaj xws li: triggering ntaus nrog ib tug mus txog qhovtwg Actuator, lodgements, kais cov xam tshuab telecode kev sib txuas lus khoom, navigation, losis tswvyim dabtsi topography, zog chav nyob thiab fais fab mov. Unit hnyav - 35,5 tons, nrog rau muab xam rau ntawm peb, qhov ntev: dav - 3.316 meters, ntev - 9,96 meters, thiab qhov siab - 3.8 meters.

Cov Tsam Thawj SAM "Buk"

Qhov no complex muaj ntau dua kev sib ntaus los, sab nraud thiab kev ua tau zoo muab piv rau lub "lub voos xwmfab-M4" thiab "Thawv muaj rau sab-M3" ceg. Yog hais tias txawm cia li mus saib yog dab tsi lub installation ntawm "Buck" yees duab ntawm nws caj npab, leej twg yuav to taub tag nrho ntawm nws lub hwj chim, uas yog muab:

1. Zoo ntseeg lub hom phiaj kom paub tias vim lub fact tias lub koom haum, ib ob leeg kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub surrounding chaw nrog rau nws tus kheej-propelled firing thiab hom phiaj thiab nrhiav kom tau chaw nres tsheb.
2. Tib mus rau lub rau cov hom phiaj, firing battalion, thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, thiab siv nws tus kheej ntawm cov hluav taws self-propelled units - kev kawm mus txog rau ywj siab kev sib ntaus los missions.
3. Muaj zog tiv thaiv tawm tsam cuam los ntawm kev siv ntawm onboard computer homing lub taub hau thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus illumination teeb liab.
4. Vim lub zog hwj chim ntawm SAM (nws warhead) - heev high efficiency ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm ya lub hom phaj.

xaus

Los ntawm modeling thiab xeem tau, nws tau txiav txim hais tias tus ntau qhov chaw shooting "Buck" - los ntawm 3 mus rau 25 kilometers ntawm ib qhov siab ntawm mus txog rau 18 kilometers thiab ceev txog li 800 m / s. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws muab ib tug qualitatively nres lub hom phaj uas tsis Maneuvering. Yuav swb yog 0.7-0.8 thaum firing ib tug coj missile thiab cov hoob kawm qhov chaw rau 18 kis lus mev. Yog hais tias lub hom phiaj ntawm Maneuvering, tus tua yuav tshwm yog 0.6. Nyob rau caj npab huab cua tiv thaiv rog complex "Beech" saws nyob rau hauv 1980. Txij thaum ntawd los, ob peb lub sij hawm nqa tawm nws Modernization, lug txhim khu lub kev sib ntaus los muaj peev xwm thiab kev ruaj ntseg.