Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug topology? Dab tsi yog meant ntawm lub zos network topology

Lub sij hawm "topology" muaj ib tug ntau ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, ib tug ntawm cov uas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub computer ntiaj teb no rau tes hauj lwm. Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug topology ntawm computer tes hauj lwm, thiab yuav tsum tau tham ntxiv. Tab sis, saib tom hauv ntej ib ob peb, nyob rau hauv qhov nyuaj cov ntaub ntawv, cov tswvyim no yuav ntshai raws li ib tug piav qhia ntawm lub configuration (arrangement) ntawm cov computers kev cob cog rua rau lub network. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nws los mus rau to taub tsis tau lawv tus kheej tebchaw thiab geometric duab uas sib haum mus rau qhov chaw ntawm txhua tus davhlau ya nyob twg hom.

Dab tsi yog meant ntawm lub zos network topology?

Raws li yog qhov tseeb, computers, ua ke mus rau hauv ib tug nkaus xwb network, kev cob cog rua rau lawv yog tsis chaotic, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug heev txog kev txiav txim. Rau ib tug piav qhia ntawm no tswvyim thiab kev nkag siab ntawm topology twb qhia.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, yog dab tsi topology? Lub daim ntawv qhia Circuit Court daim duab daim ntawv qhia. Uas piav txog cov txheej txheem raws li nws yog ib qhov tseeb nyob rau hauv ib yam dab tsi akin rau ib lub tsev paub txog lub geometry. Txawm li cas los, txhob txwm los ntawm ib tug geometrical taw tes ntawm view, qhov no lub sij hawm yuav tsis muab suav hais tias. Txij li thaum peb tham tsis tau tsuas yog hais txog kev sib txuas, tab sis kuj hloov lwm lub tsev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv no hais txog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov no zoo tshaj.

Lub ntsiab yam ntawm tes hauj lwm thiab lawv cov topologies

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub tswvyim ntawm ib tug tib computer topology tsis muaj nyob. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias tej zaum yuav muaj ob peb hom topologies, collectively qhia txog ib tug kev tshua. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub network tej zaum yuav txawv heev.

Piv txwv li, qhov nyuaj daim ntawv ntawm connectionless ob peb computer terminals nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev xwb yuav tsum tau hu ua WLAN. Muaj intermediate network hom (nroog, regional, thiab hais txog. D.).

Thaum kawg, feem ntau cov loj loj ntiaj teb no tes hauj lwm uas muaj feem xyuam rau loj cheeb tsam thiab muaj xws li tag nrho cov lwm yam tes hauj lwm, raws li zoo raws li computers thiab telecommunications khoom.

Tab sis li cas yog meant by cov topology ntawm lub network raws li ib tug ntawm cov nyuaj ntaub ntawv ntawm lub koom haum ntawm txuas ntau computers rau ib leeg, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no?

Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub piav dab thiab lug raug muab faib ua ob peb hom:

• lub cev - piav qhia ntawm yeej uas twb muaj lawm computer kho thiab qauv ntawm network ntshav nrog rau hauv lub kev sib raug zoo nruab nrab ntawm lawv;
• logic - ib tug piav qhia ntawm lub tso cai ntawm lub network teeb liab;
• Cov ntaub ntawv - Hauj lwm ntawm cov lus tsa suab, cov kev taw qhia thiab mus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis pub dhau lub network;
• pauv tswj - ib tug piav qhia ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev siv los yog kev hloov ntawm txoj cai siv lub network.

Network topology: Hom

Tam sim no ib ob peb lo lus txog tus txheej txheem kev faib ntawm topologies hom kev sib txuas. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm dab tsi topology yuav tsum tau hais lwm hom ntawm kev faib uas piav txog tib txoj kev mus cuag lub computer mus rau ib tug network los yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm nws cov sis raug zoo nrog lwm yam terminals los yog lub ntsiab units. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov ntsiab lus yog tag nrho mesh topologies thiab nepolnosvyazannoy.

Tag nrho cov mesh qauv (thiab yog pom tau hais tias nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no) yog heev cumbersome vim lub fact tias txhua txhua davhlau ya nyob twg, ib feem ntawm ib tug tib network, kev cob cog rua rau tag nrho cov lwm leej lwm tus. Lub disadvantage ntawm no yog hais tias txhua txhua lub computer yuav tsum tsim kom muaj ntxiv kev sib txuas lus khoom, thiab cov davhlau ya nyob twg yuav tsum tau nruab nrog ib tug txaus loj tus naj npawb ntawm kev sib txuas lus ports. Thiab raws li ib tug txoj cai, xws lug yog hais tias lawv siv, nws yog tsis tshua muaj tsis tshua muaj.

Nepolnosvyazannaya topology nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yog ntau npaum li cas preferable, vim hais tias txhua tus tib davhlau ya nyob twg yog tsis cob cog rua rau tag nrho cov lwm yam computers, thiab tau txais los yog hau lus qhia los ntawm ib lub network ntshav los yog txuas ncaj qha mus rau lub hauv paus hub, los yog hub. Ib tug piv txwv - tus network topology yog ib tug "lub hnub qub".

Txij li thaum peb tham txog lub ntsiab txoj kev sib txuas integrally terminals (network) yuav tsum nyob twj ywm ntawm yooj yim topologies tag nrho cov loj hom, cov uas lub ntsiab los sawv daws yuav "bus", "lub hnub qub" thiab "nplhaib", Txawm hais tias muaj ib co mixed hom.

Network topology "log» (bus)

Qhov no hom ntawm kev koom terminals nyob rau hauv lub network yog heev nrov, txawm hais tias nws muaj heev loj shortcomings.

Xav txog dab tsi lub topology "bus" yuav ua tau ib tug piv txwv yooj yim. Xav txog tej yam ib tug cable nrog ntau yam ub rau txhua sab. Qhov kawg ntawm txhua xws ceg yog ib tug computer davhlau ya nyob twg. Ntawm lawv tus kheej, lawv tsis ncaj qha kev cob cog rua, thiab cov lus qhia yog tau thiab kis tau los ntawm ib tug kab xwb, ob hnub ntawm uas tshwj xeeb terminators uas tiv thaiv rog xav txog ntawm lub teeb liab teeb. Qhov no yog ib tug txheej txheem linear network topology.

Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm xws tebchaw yog tias qhov ntev ntawm lub ntsiab kab yog tshuam txo, thiab tus neeg davhlau ya nyob twg tsis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub lag luam ntawm lub network raws li ib tug tag nrho muaj tsis ntxim. Lub ntsiab drawback yog tias nws puv tag nrho lub network nyob rau hauv kev ua txhaum ntawm cov feem ntau txoj kev loj unworkable. Dhau li ntawm tus topology "bus" yog tsuas yog siv rau tus xov tooj ntawm kev cob cog rua workstations thiab muaj ib tug txaus tsawg productivity vim cov ntaub faib ntawm tag nrho cov terminals nyob rau hauv lub network. Lub faib yuav ua tau tusyees los yog unevenly.

Topology "Star» (hnub qub)

Lub network topology yog ib tug "lub hnub qub" nyob rau hauv ib co txoj kev reminiscent ntawm lub "tsheb npav", nrog qhov txawv tsuas yog tias cov kev twb kev txuas ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg yog ua tsis tau ib zaug xwb kab, thiab lub hauv paus faib ntaus ntawv (hub, hub).

Cia li ib tug hub tag nrho cov computers muaj peev xwm sib txuas lus nrog txhua lwm yam. Cov ntaub ntawv yog kis tau mus rau lub hub rau tag nrho cov pab kiag li lawm, tab sis yog txais xwb los ntawm cov neeg rau leej twg nws yog npaj. Qhov zoo ntawm no kev twb kev txuas muaj peev xwm mus centrally tswj tag nrho cov network terminals, raws li zoo raws li lub kev twb kev txuas ntawm cov tshiab. Txawm li cas los, raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub "tsheb npav", lub tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm lub ntsiab switching ntaus ntawv muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov network.

Topology "nplhaib» (nplhaib)

Thaum kawg, peb muaj lwm yam kev twb kev txuas - ib lub nplhaib network topology. Raws li tej zaum twb tseeb los ntawm lub npe, kev twb kev txuas ntawm computers yog ua sequentially los ntawm ib tug mus rau lwm los ntawm intermediate ntshav, thiab yuav ua tau rau ib tug vicious vajvoog (ntawm chav kawm, lub ntau yam nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no - lub tswvyim ntawm conditional).

Thaum kis ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub starting taw tes ntawm tag nrho cov terminals txojkev kawg tau kev pab. Tab sis paub txog qhov kawg txais kev pab yog ua lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev mus token. Uas yog, cov ntaub ntawv twg thiaj li raug tsuas cim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kwj ntawm cov davhlau ya nyob twg. Qhov no tswvyim yog yuav luag yeej tsis siv vim lub fact tias cov ua hauj lwm ntawm ib lub computer yuav entail ib tug ua txhaum cai ntawm cov tag nrho lub network.

Ntxaij thiab mixed topology

Qhov no hom ntawm kev twb kev txuas yuav tsum tau, Yog hais tias koj tshem tawm ib yam ntawm cov saum toj no tebchaw yog ib co mus los ntxiv lawv yav tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob, xws li ib tug tswvyim yog siv nyob rau hauv loj tes hauj lwm.

Nyob rau hauv no kev twb kev txuas peb yeej paub ob peb yam yooj yim derivatives. Feem ntau pom tau hais tias lub tswvyim ntawm lub "ob lub nplhaib", "tsob ntoo", "grating", "Paj daus", "Clos network," thiab thiaj on. D. Raws li yuav pom txawm los ntawm lub npe, tag nrho cov variations rau qhov yooj yim hom kev sib txuas, uas yog npaum li cas raws li ib lub hauv paus.

Muaj kuj yog ib tug tov hom topology uas tej zaum yuav muab ib tug ob peb lwm (subnet), grouped raws li ib co yam ntxwv ntawm tus nta.

xaus

Tam sim no, tej zaum, nws yog ib qhov tseeb hais tias xws li ib tug topology. Yog hais tias peb ua ib tug neeg pej xeem nrog tag nrho, cov tswvyim no yog ib tug piav qhia ntawm txoj kev txuas xyuas hauv computer rau ntawm ib tug network thiab sis nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Raws li qhov no yog ua li cas, nws nyob thiaj tau tuaj nyob rau hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg lub koom haum txoj kev nyob rau hauv ib tug tsev. Thiab hais tias niaj hnub no nws yog ua tau rau allocate ib universal kev twb kev txuas cov kev xaiv, koj yuav tsis tau. Nyob rau hauv txhua particular rooj plaub, thiab nyob ntawm seb cov kev xav tau yuav tsum tau siv ib tug los yog lwm hom kev sib txuas. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam tes hauj lwm, yog tias hais lus txog lawv, feem ntau yog ib tug tswvyim "lub hnub qub", Txawm hais tias "bus" yog tseem siv lug txaus.

Nws tseem mus ntxiv hais tias cov network topology yuav pom txawm lub tswvyim ntawm centralisation thiab decentralization, tab sis lawv yog feem ntau tsis txuam nrog kev sib txuas, thiab cov kev tswj system network terminals thiab tswj lawv. Centralisation yog kom meej meej qhia nyob rau hauv cov kev sib txuas hom "lub hnub qub", tab sis yog muaj feem xyuam rau no hom thiab decentralization muab ntxiv tswv yim hais nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txhim khu network kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub tso zis ntawm lub hauv paus hloov system. Heev zoo txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv no hais txog yog lub tswvyim "hypercube", tab sis nws yog heev yooj yim tsim.