Teeb meem raws li ib tug philosophical qeb: lub idealistic, materialistic thiab positivist le caag los lub tswvyim

Teeb meem raws li ib tug philosophical qeb xav xav puas tau lub sij hawm thaum Plato tswvcuab cov tswvyim no rau hauv lub theoretical cov ntsiab lus. lub sij hawm sau contrasts nws "lub tswv yim", qhov tseem ceeb qhov zoo li qub, yeej tsis hloov li nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub xeem variability thiab variability - raws li leej niam. Cov zog raug tsim tom qab nyob rau hauv lub hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hav zoov ntawm qhov teeb meem, uas yog, lub sij hawm, qhov chaw thiab lub zog.

Teeb meem raws li ib tug philosophical qeb - ib qho ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm tej tswvyim. Muaj ntau ntau yooj yim le caag los qhov kev txiav txim ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus: materialistic, idealistic thiab positivistic.

Materialist mus kom ze - yog ib tug series ntawm cov tswv yim, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj ntawm qhov yooj yim philosophical lo lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi los thawj: teeb meem thiab nco ntsoov, nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus qub. Raws li cov materialists, thiab lub hav zoov ntawm cov teeb meem - lub tswvyim yog nyob ze rau tus neeg, thiab qhov teeb meem yog ib tug cov nyiaj ntsuab flow, cov kev muaj tiag ntawm txoj kev ua. Tag nrho cov nyob ib ncig ntawm - tsuas yog rau hauv daim ntawv, lub xeev ntawm teeb meem. Qhov no muaj xws li cov tswv yim, cov neeg, tej yam kev txhais tau tias ntawm kev sib raug lub koom haum. Raws li cov materialist conception, qhov teeb meem objectively thiab ntawm nws tus kheej ntawm tib neeg nco qab.

Materialist mus kom ze yog thoob plaws nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub ntiaj teb no yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub Marxist tswvyim thiab tau los ua ib tug yuav tsum muaj theoretical txhim kho tej yam ntuj tso-kev theories, raws li ib tug ntawm cov yuav tsum muaj tenets ntawm no mus kom ze yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov knowability ntawm lub ntiaj teb no los ntawm txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub zog, kev sib raug zoo thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov teeb meem.

Idealistic theories tshaj tawm lub primacy ntawm tus ntsuj plig. Txawm li cas los, qhov chaw ntawm lub ntawm UFW ntawm no mus kom ze yog tsis zoo tib yam. Txawv tsim ob theoretical tiam sis: hom phiaj thiab subjective idealism.

Hom phiaj-idealistic txoj hauj lwm - lub Vocabulary ntawm lub primacy ntawm qhov zoo tagnrho thiab lub meej ntsuj plig. Os raws li ib tug philosophical tswvyim, raws li lub hom phiaj-idealistic mus kom ze nws yog ib theem yam khoom, lub cim ntawm lub meej ntsuj plig.

Ib tug tseem ceeb sawv cev ntawm no mus kom ze yog lub GVF Hegel. Nyob rau hauv nws "Phenomenology uas hlwb" npog cov txheej txheem ntawm nce toj lub tswv yim ntawm meej meej: lub siab tshaj plaws hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hav zoov tswv yim - lub meej ntsuj plig, uas muaj lub tswv yim yuav, xeeb perfection nyob rau hauv txoj kev paub nws tus kheej.

Subjective idealism - ib lub tswv yim ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov pawg ntawm "teeb meem" thiab "nco qab". Raws li no mus kom ze, qhov teeb meem objectively tsis muaj nyob, nws tsuas yog ib tug figment ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm tib neeg lub siab.

Positivists qhia rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub ntawm UFW ntawm cov subjective idealist mus kom ze rau tsis kam muab cov hav zoov ntawm qhov teeb meem. Txawm li cas los, lub ntsiab sib cav ntawm tsab ntawv no yog agnostic installation: lub hom phiaj kev muaj tiag ntawm qhov teeb meem yog tsis yooj yim sua los ua pov thawj thiab soj ntsuam empirically yog li ntawd tsis tau hais tias nws tshwm sim.

Teeb meem raws li ib tug philosophical qeb lawm thiab tseem yog ib tug kawm ntawm raging sib cav tswv yim theorists rau centuries. Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv ib tug era ntawm hauj kev kawm, tib neeg qhov practicality ntawm txhim kho ib qho kev nce rau hauv lub ntim ntawm tau ntawm cov khoom thiab txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov kev pab cuam. Progress yog ua tau, yog hais tias peb cais tau ntawm kev paub txog lub ntiaj teb no. Yog li ntawd materialistic mus kom ze thiab txiav txim seb tus nqi, thiab kab ke haiv neeg haiv neeg tseem ceeb tsim ib philosophical chaw ntawm lub feem ntau.