Tsim, Lus
Tamil lus. Dravidian tsev neeg ntawm cov lus
Tamil yog ib tug Dravidian lus pab pawg neeg. Nws yog dav faib nyob rau hauv yav qab teb Is Nrias teb, nws yog ib tug ntawm cov ua hauj lwm hauv lub teb chaws no. Cim antiquity ntawm cov lus no thiab nws ncaj qha kev sib raug zoo nrog tus nplua nuj kab lis kev cai ntawm Is Nrias teb, nws ntau muab faib rau cheeb tsam txhawb kom kawm Tamil loj hlob tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg.
Hais lus nyob rau hauv Tamil
Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg Idias uas hais lus Tamil, nyob rau hauv Tamil Nadu - txog 92% ntawm cov neeg ciaj neeg nyob ntawm no ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws ntseeg hais tias cov neeg Tamil. Cov zauv ntawm kev soj ntsuam hais tias, sib nrug los ntawm Is Nrias teb, nws yeej yuav hnov nyob rau hauv Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, yog hais nyob rau hauv Mauritania thiab North Africa. Ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg uas nyob rau yav qab teb Indian lub xeev tau emigrated thiab tam sim no nyob rau hauv compact pawg nyob rau hauv lub UK, Canada thiab lub tebchaws United States. Cov nab npawb ntawm cov hais lus ntawm Tamil lawm caum lab tus tib neeg.
hoary antiquity
Lo lus "Tamil" nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus muaj tuaj rau peb los ntawm cov lus Askiv transcription. Nyob rau hauv lub zos cov lus kawg suab ntawm lo lus yog kis nrog kev pab los ntawm 'l' los yog 'zh'. Tus thawj lub npe yog sau raws li nram no:
Dravidian lus tsev neeg muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov uas muaj feem dialects. Feem ntau ntawm lawv - Telugu, kennarsky, Oraon, Malta thiab lwm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no, muaj kuj yog ib tug Tamil. Nws muaj nws tus kheej, heev ancient ntaub ntawv. Lub hiob nkag tau pom nyob rau hauv fossilized xibtes nplooj, lawv lub hnub nyoog hnub rov qab mus rau 200 BC. e. Lwm yam inscriptions nyob rau hauv Tamil nyob sab nyob rau hauv 2005. Lawv yog cov feem ntau ancient sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov noob neej thiab mus rau lub xyoo pua 10 BC. Cov ntaub ntawv pom tias lub Tamil lus yog muab tau los ntawm Sanskrit - yog ib tug kiag li ywj siab adverb uas tau siv ntau lo lus los ntawm Sanskrit, sinhalskogo thiab lwm yam hauv zej zos cov lus.
"Thirukkural"
Ib qho ntawm feem nto moo txawj masterpieces sau nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm Is Nrias teb, hu ua "Thirukkural". Sau ntawm creation, Thiruvalluval yuav, yog ib tug kawm ntawm Tswv Yexus. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu rau tus thawj ib feem ntawm cov paj huam - "Nyob rau Virtue". Qhov no ua hauj lwm yog cov caj qaum ntawm lub Tamil Classical Literature.
dialects
British soj ntsuam, uas luam tawm lawv tsab ntawv ceeb toom nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ib tsab ntawm Lub Ethnologue, hu ua ntau tshaj nees nkaum uas twb muaj lawm hnub no dialects ntawm Tamil. Ib thaj nyuag, lawv tau muab faib mus rau hauv rau loj muab faib rau tej thaj chaw: lub sab qaum teb, sab hnub tuaj, yav qab teb, thaj, central thiab adverb Sri Lanka. Nyob rau hauv cov kob ntawm lub Tamil lus yog fwm nyob rau hauv nws cov conservative daim ntawv no, whereas lub continental dialects tau undergone ib tug loj heev kev kuaj, tiv lub onslaught ntawm txawv teb chaws lus thiab lexical ntaub ntawv ntawm lwm hom lus.
Hais txog Tamil - nthuav
Nws yog nthuav kom paub yuav ua li cas lub Tamil lus. Cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm nws ob-feem-peb zoo standard - nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Tamil ntaub ntawv muaj 18 consonants thiab 12 lub cim tseem ceeb. Tab sis peb ib feem - lub loj tshaj plaws, muaj ib txog kev tsab ntawv ob peb ua ke uyirmeyyelutty. Lawv suav 216! Cov "suab" thiab lub hauv paus ntawm lub Tamil lus.
Nyob rau hauv kev kawm txog zauv Tamila kuj surprise. Incidentally, Tamil - thiaj li hu ua Tamil. Cov zauv nyob rau hauv no ancient lus muaj ib tug feature: lawv tsis khi rau lub kaum thiab pua pua, thiab txhua tus xov tooj muaj ib niag plas "lub npe". Thiab tsis tsuas tag nrho tej yam ntuj tso tus xov tooj, tab sis txawm lub feem ntau nyuaj fractions. Piv txwv li, lo lus xa mus rau immi feem 1/320 thiab 1/7 yog hu ua ANU. Npe yog txawm tias cov neeg feem uas tsis xyaum siv nyob rau hauv lub neej tiag tiag.
classical Tamil
Lub Berkeley - ib qho ntawm feem nto moo American universities (California), txhua xyoo nyob rau lub rooj sib tham muaj nplooj siab rau thaum ub thiab niaj hnub Tamila. Nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm Berkli Tamilu suav hais tias yog classical lus, nws - ib tug ancient, tau nws tus kheej ywj siab kev lig kev cai nyob rau hauv Tamil sau ntau phau ntawv sau tej hauj lwm. Qhov no lus yog li qub raws li lub txiaj (classical Greek), thiab ntau npaum li cas cov laus tshaj Arabic. Rau ntau centuries, Tamila sim kom tsis txhob hais lus borrowings thiab tis nyob rau hauv lub hom lus txawv teb chaws lus. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis kam ua tus ntawm Sanskrit lus. Uas yog vim li cas nws tau khaws cia nws lexical qauv rau ob peb txhiab xyoo. Nyob rau hauv 2004, Tamila twb paub raws li cov thawj lus ntawm tsoos Is Nrias teb.
Lub sib ntaus rau cov haiv neeg lus
Tamils yog rhiab heev rau lawv cov lus. Nyob rau hauv lawv lub xeev ntseeg hais tias yog lub teb chaws lus ntawm Is Nrias teb - Hindi - yuav muab faib rau lawv pawg neeg thaj av, Tamila muaj sai sai yuav tsis nco qab lawv haiv neeg cov lus. Nyob rau hauv qhov piv txwv ntawm cov lus pab tswv yim ua Hyderabad, Mumbai, Kolkata, qhov twg lub zos lus yog yuav luag tawm ntawm kev siv, thiab cov pejxeem mas hais lus Hindi los yog lus Askiv.
Ch Annaduray, yav tas los Chief Minister ntawm Tamil Nadu, thov hais tias qhov kev txiav txim los pom zoo rau Hindi lub teb chaws lus yog tsis ncaj ncees lawm. "Yog vim li cas yog lub teb chaws tsiaj ntawm Is Nrias teb yog xav tau ib tug tsov, tsis yog ib tug nas? Tom qab tag nrho, feem ntau ntawm cov nas?" - nws hais. Annaduray tsab ntawv no hais txog hais tias muaj tej teeb meem uas tsis tau daws tau los ntawm ib tug yooj yim feem ntau. To listen mus rau lub qub Minister thiab Parliament ntawm Is Nrias teb, thiab sab nraum ntawm no kuj zoo kawg lub teb chaws. Cov tawm tsam rau lub purity ntawm lub ancient lub suab hais lus tseem. Kuv xav khaws cia rau xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv lub classic Tamila muaj ntawm no amazing lus.
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