Clichés thiab kantselyarizm: piv txwv ntawm cov lo lus nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus

Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm uas peb yuav tham txog qhov no notion ntawm cov lus raws li "kantselyarizm". Piv txwv ntawm yooj yim zog thiab cov uas duav txhua yam ntawm txoj kev siv ntawm no lus tshwm sim yuav tsum yog los ntawm peb nyob rau hauv zoo meej.

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kantselyarizmy hais txog ib tug cov lus pab pawg neeg, raws li cov clichés. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav tsum to taub yuav pib nrog cov uas zoo tshaj plaws.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub clichés

Peb pib los ntawm kev xav hauv lub feem ntau heev ua yuam kev los ntawm ob tsab ntawv thiab sib txuas lus.

Nyiaj Muas thiab kantselyarizmy (piv txwv uas yuav hais hauv qab no) yog zoo sib xyaw. Ntau precisely, peb xaiv cov lus tshwm sim yog ib tug ntawm cov hom nyiaj muas (qhov no lub sij hawm yog hais txog cov lus thiab cov kab zauv uas yog feem ntau siv, los ntawm virtue ntawm cov uas poob lawv tus nqi). Yog li ntawd, xws tsim tsuas tshooj cov lus thiab kev hais lus no yog redundant.

Nyiaj Muas yog lus thiab cov nqe lus, feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev hais lus. Feem ntau, cov lus phenomena tsis muaj tseem. Piv txwv li, lub turnover ntawm "lub rooj sib tham tau nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws qib" yog siv es tsis txhob mus coj ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws qhia txog cov kev tshwm sim.

Yuav ua li cas yog kantselyarizmy nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab? piv txwv

Nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov lo lus, cov kev siv uas yog pom tias yuav yuav yam xwb nyob rau hauv ib tug kev style ntawm kev hais lus. Cov lus no yog kantselyarizmy. Qhov no lub sij hawm yog hu ua lo lus, grammatical Siv thiab nrhiav, thiab cov nqe lus, cov kev siv uas yog enshrined nyob rau hauv cov zajlus lus ntawm lub official-ua lag ua luam style. Piv txwv li: intercede, yuav tsum, ua hauj lwm tsis-rau-profit, nqa tawm cov kev tswj thiab thiaj li nyob.

tej yam tshwm sim kantselyarizmov

Peb tam sim no txhais tau lub cwj pwm ntawm cov lo lus thiab saib cov piv txwv.

Kantselyarizmy - lo lus official style, tab sis lwm yam tshaj li hais tias, lawv muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm purely lus qhia. Ntawm lawv yog cov:

• Siv ntawm lus npe: bessufiksalnyh (tub sab tub nyiag, tshuab xaws, lub sij hawm tawm); suffixed (capture, nrhiav kom tau, tshuab-nrhiav).
• Hloov yooj yim puas nominal predicate qhia txog kev ua (splitting predicate). Piv txwv li: lub siab xav mus qhia - es tsis txhob xav mus coj ib tug txiav txim siab - es tsis txhob txiav txim siab mus pab - tsis pab.
• Siv denominative prepositions. Piv txwv li: nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm tus kab, nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv, rau qhov chaw nyob nyob rau hauv seem, nyob rau hauv lub teb, vim, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nyob rau theem.
• Xov ntawm tus neeg mob, feem ntau yog cov genitive. Piv txwv li, lub mob uas tsim nyog los mus nce rau theem ntawm kev paub txog ntawm cov pejxeem nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam.
• Hloov cov active mus rau lub passive ceev. Piv txwv li, active turnover peb tau tsim - lub passive tsim tau nqa tawm los ntawm peb.

Yog vim li cas muaj peev xwm tsis ua phem rau kantselyarizmami?

Kantselyarizmy thiab clichés (piv txwv paub meej tias qhov no), feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev hais lus, ua rau lub fact tias nws loses nws imagery, expressiveness, conciseness thiab tus kheej. Qhov no muab sawv mus rau nram qab no shortcomings:

• Ib tug sib tov ntawm yeej. Piv txwv li: tom qab ib lub teeb los nag poob li los nag tshaj lub pas dej nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov hwjchim ci ntsa iab ci ib tug duab zaj.
• Lub ambiguity, uas muab sawv mus rau lus npe. Piv txwv li, cov kab lus "daim ntawv ntawm cov xibfwb" yuav tsum to taub raws li "tus xib fwb sib cav," thiab yuav ua li cas "cov xibfwb cav."
• Verbosity, hais lus weighting. Piv txwv li: vim kev txhim kho ntawm kev pab ntau yuav tsum ho ua rau kom cov turnover nyob rau hauv lub coj mus muag thiab tsoom fwv khw muag khoom noj.

Kantselyarizm, piv txwv uas peb tau hais, nws deprives imagery, kev paub qhia lo, convincing. Txij li thaum lawv nquag siv kab zauv nrog erased lexical ntsiab lus tarnished expressivity.

Feem ntau, cov kev siv ntawm cov nyiaj muas yuav sau xov xwm. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib tug journalistic style , xws kab zauv muaj nyob tshwj xeeb feem ntau.

Yuav ua li cas lus xa mus rau kantselyarizmam

Nws zoo nkaus li zoo lawm xwb nyob rau hauv txhua hnub hais lus kantselyarizm. Piv txwv ntawm kev siv ntawm tham txog hais tias ntau heev cov lus no yog siv nyob rau hauv lwm tus yeej ntawm kev hais lus, uas yog ib tug ntxhib stylistic yuam kev. Yuav kom tiv thaiv xws missteps, nws yog tsim nyog los paub raws nraim li cas lo lus hais txog kantselyarizmam.

Yog li ntawd kantselyarizmy yuav tsiag ntawv los ntawm:

• Archaic solemnity: npe hu ua, lub saum toj no-hais se, cov neeg uas hnov txog qhov no, yuav tsum tau, rau kev thov, per se.
• Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm kantselyarizmy yuav ua tau casually-businesslike: hais (mus rau ib tug zoo sib tham.), Hnov, kev kawm, puzzle, specifics, tsim.
• Muab ib tug hais lus officially-ua lag ua luam xim npe derived ntawm verbs cov nram qab no lus: - rau, -AT, -ani, -eni: teg num, kev noj nrhiav; bessufiksalnye: hnub tawm, hijacking, tshuab xaws, ntiav, kev saib xyuas; lo lus uas muaj hauv- consoles, tsis: undetectable, undetected shortfalls, kev tiv thaiv.
• Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tus xov tooj ntawm nouns, participles, adverbs, verbs thiab adjectives ligament muaj ib tug nruj cwj pwm rau lub lag luam ntiaj teb no kev sib txuas lus. Piv txwv li: cov neeg sab nrauv, tus neeg muas zaub, tus neeg, tus thawj xib fwb, tus tswv tsev, ib tug neeg, neeg ua hauj lwm daim ntawv qhia, tus neeg, lub tsis muaj, los tam sim ntawd, dawb xwb, yuav, tsum, yuav.
• Official ua lag ua luam coloration txawv tus naj npawb ntawm cov nuj nqi lus: nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov nyiaj, raws li, thiab thiaj li nyob. Piv txwv li: raws li qhov kev pom zoo, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov kev txiav ntawm qhov kev pom zoo, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsis ua hauj lwm ua raws li daim ntawv cog lus, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thiaj li nyob.
• Los ntawm ib tug uas zoo sib xws turnover xws li Cheebtsam ntawm cov khoom: khoom noj khoom haus, kev ruaj ntseg cov koom haum, lub tsheb, pej xeem sector, diplomatic kev sib raug zoo.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv twg nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los siv lub sij hawm "kantselyarizm"

Kantselyarizmy (piv txwv ntawm cov lo lus, peb pom tias nyob rau hauv kom meej saum toj no), raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov zajlus lus yuav tsum tau tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub official-ua lag ua luam style. Ces lub zog tsis sawv tawm tsam rau tom qab ntawm cov ntawv nyeem.

Tus heev tib lub sij hawm "kantselyarizm" tsim nyog siv xwb nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob thaum xws lus thiab cov nqe lus siv nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg lwm tus style. Ces nws yuav expressionless, official cim, nws yog deprived ntawm siab ntsws xav, kev loj hlob, naturalness thiab simplicity.

Kantselyarizmy li stylistic txais tos

Tab sis nws tsis yog ib txwm ntaus nqi mus rau shortcomings ntawm kev hais lus kantselyarizm. Piv txwv ntawm cov kos duab ua hauj lwm qhia tias feem ntau xws lus thiab cov nqe lus yog siv raws li stylistic txais tos. Piv txwv li, rau lub suab yam ntxwv hero.

Sau ntawv feem ntau siv kantselyarizmami los ua ib tug humorous nyhuv. Piv txwv li, Zoshchenko, Chekhov, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Ilf thiab Petrov. Piv txwv li, lub Saltykov-Shchedrin - "... txwv tsis pub ob lub qhov muag gouged tawm, noj tam sim ntawd lub taub hau tom tawm lub qhov ntswg"; Chekhov - "tus tua yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm poob deg."

Kantselyarizmy (piv txwv ntawm cov lo lus peb tau kawm nyob rau hauv ib co nthuav dav) nyob rau hauv Russia mus txog tus loj tshaj raws li nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm stagnation, thaum lawv penetrated rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev hais lus, txawm xws li tsev neeg. Qhov kev piv txwv ib zaug dua qhia lub tswv yim uas lus yog ib tug rog xav txog ntawm tag nrho cov kev hloov uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws thiab haiv neeg.