Sub-cheeb tsam ntawm teb chaws Europe. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub division ntawm cov teb chaws Europe mus rau hauv subregions

Teb chaws Europe yog ib tug ntawm ob qhov chaw hauv lub ntiaj teb no, cov mej zeej ntawm lub Eurasian av loj. Txawm li cas los, vim rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm thaj, kev cai, economic thiab kev nom kev tswv yam, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd ua lub division ntawm cov teb chaws Europe mus rau hauv sub-cheeb tsam. Raws li peb yuav pom, txawm lub fact tias lub tshawb nrhiav ib feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yog tus me me, qhov sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm nws cais qhov chaw yog tseem tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, dab tsi yog qhov sub-cheeb tsam ntawm teb chaws Europe thiab dab tsi yog lawv cov yam ntxwv? Wb sim teb cov lus nug no.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov teb chaws Europe division

Ua ntej koj yuav pib mus tshawb cov sub-cheeb tsam ntawm teb chaws Europe, peb delve rau hauv keeb kwm to taub dab tsi yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub thaj division ntawm teb chaws cheeb tsam. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau feem ntau lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, qhov no yog tsis yog ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib sab av loj, thiab yog li ntawd, muaj tsis muaj kom meej meej tseg ib thaj tsam. Qhov tseeb coj mus rau lub fact tias cov cheeb tsam, uas muaj xws li lub thaj tswvyim ntawm "cov teb chaws Europe", nyob rau hauv sib txawv keeb kwm sij hawm muaj differing ib thaj tsam.

Txawm lub ancient Greeks invented lub division ntawm lub teb chaws, qhov chaw uas lawv nyob. Los ntawm cov teb chaws Asia lawv paub Phenicia (tam sim no Lebanon), thiab tag nrho cov cheeb tsam uas pw rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm nws, thiab nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe - cov av mus rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb, Greeks nqa tawm txawv teb chaws los ntawm cov hav dej Tanais (Don tam sim no).

Lub tswv yim rau faib cov teb chaws Europe thiab Asia los ntawm cov Ural Toj siab twb ua nyob rau hauv 1720. Tab sis txawm ces tag nrho ntawm lub Caucasus, xws li rau sab qaum teb, mus rau cov teb chaws Asia. Tom qab ntawd, tus ciam teb tau los ua ib tug "nkag" tag nrho cov sab qab teb. Tam sim no, feem ntau cov kws txawj muaj xws li tag nrho ntawm lub Caucasus nyob rau hauv cov European, thiab tus ciam nrog cov teb chaws Asia yog muaj los ntawm lawv raws Ural Toj siab thiab nyob rau hauv Emba dej.

Cuaj kaum, muaj tej thaj chaw uas ib co geographers xa mus rau tib lub ib feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, thaum lwm tus neeg - cov lus rov. Cov no muaj xws Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, cov neeg Ixayees thiab Cyprus.

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tom qab lub Ob txhais World War division ntawm cov teb chaws Europe nws tau ua nyob rau hauv nom tswv thaj av nyob rau hauv lub Western thiab sab hnub tuaj. Tus qauv ntawm lub East muaj lub socialist lub teb chaws ntawm lub camp, thiab Western - tag nrho cov so. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union thiab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub socialist system ntawm cov qub kev faib mus rau hauv sub-cheeb tsam ntawm teb chaws Europe kiag outlived nws usefulness. Txawm tias lwm yam zoning muaj nyob rau hauv ua ntej lawm lub sij hawm, tab sis tam sim no lawv yog nce siv.

Tus tam sim no zoning ntawm cov teb chaws Europe

Yuav ua li cas yog cov sub-cheeb tsam ntawm teb chaws Europe, muaj nyob rau hauv lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev faib? Tam sim no, feem ntau siv faib mus rau hauv tsib lub ntsiab qhov chaw:

• Western teb chaws Europe;
• Central teb chaws Europe;
• Northern teb chaws Europe;
• Yav qab teb teb chaws Europe;
• Eastern Europe.

Tom qab, nyob rau txhua tus ntawm cov qhov chaw yuav tsum tau tham nyob rau hauv ntau yam los ntawm tshuaj ntsuam, nyob rau hauv lem, lawv grouping nyob rau hauv lub thaj units ntawm theem sab.

Zoning ntawm Western teb chaws Europe

Tam sim no, Western teb chaws Europe, xws li lub teb chaws xws li teb chaws Yelemees, Fabkis, UK, Ireland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Monaco, Andorra, Netherlands. Txawm tias los ntawm ib tug txhob txwm thaj taw tes ntawm view, lub teb chaws Yelemees yog tseem zoo yuav ntaus nqi mus rau qhov chaw, tab sis kuj yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account nyiaj txiag thiab kev nom kev tswv yam nyob rau hauv lub zoning. Tej zaum nyob rau hauv pawg no kuj muaj xws li Switzerland, Austria thiab Liechtenstein, txawm hais tias lawv feem ntau muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau thiab muaj nyob rau hauv lub Central teb chaws Europe. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Great teb chaws Aas Kiv thiab Ireland tej zaum muaj xws li nyob rau hauv lub North.

Yuav ua li cas muaj subregions ntawm Western teb chaws Europe? Nws sawv tawm raws li ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib pab pawg neeg Fabkis, Monaco thiab Andorra. Qhov no yog vim tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov neeg zej zog, tab sis kuj lub fact tias Fabkis yog ib tug ntsias lub xeev cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub thoob ntiaj teb, xws li nyob rau UN.

Teb chaws Aas Kiv thiab Ireland yog cais subregions sia mus thoob ntiajteb cov teb chaws Europe. Tsis muaj teeb meem uas lawv muaj raws nraim xws li, nyob rau hauv lub North los yog sab hnub poob ntawm lub teb chaws, cov teb chaws no coj tuaj ua ke. Qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm lub xeev yuav tsum tau hu ua los ntawm lub British, los yog lub Island, cov subregion. Qhov no lub zej lub zos yog tsis txhaum tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm thaj sib thooj, tab sis kuj los ntawm ob leeg ntev keeb kwm kev loj hlob.

Lwm sub-cheeb tsam ntawm Western teb chaws Europe yog cov Benelux lub teb chaws. Ntawm abbreviations yog tsis yooj yim to taub hais tias qhov no pab pawg neeg muaj Belgium, Netherlands thiab Luxembourg. Nws tseem yog ib lub teb chaws ntawm kev cai thiab keeb kwm lub zej lub zos, dua li tam sim no koom nyob rau hauv ib qho nyiaj txiag union.

Qhov kawg lub xeev, uas ib leeg muaj nyob rau hauv lub sub-cheeb tsam thiab txawv teb chaws lub teb chaws ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, yog lub teb chaws Yelemees. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob qhov twg Switzerland, Liechtenstein thiab Austria raug xa mus rau Western teb chaws Europe, uas lawv koom nrog lub teb chaws Yelemees nyob rau hauv tib pab pawg neeg. Qhov no yog facilitated los ntawm thaj thiab kev cai sib thooj, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov teb chaws, feem ntau ntawm cov pejxeem hais lus German.

Cov cheeb tsam ntawm Central teb chaws Europe

Zoning ntawm Central teb chaws Europe nyuaj. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv sib txawv versions ntawm ib tug ntau ntawm lub teb chaws yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv lub subregion, thiab nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov neighboring. Feeb ntau, feem ntau yog raug xa mus rau nyob rau hauv Central teb chaws Europe, cov nram qab no lub teb chaws: Poland, Czech koom pheej, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Romania, Bosnia thiab Herzegovina. Feem ntau ntawm no kuj rank li Austria, Switzerland thiab Liechtenstein, thiab tej zaum kuj txawm lub teb chaws Yelemees. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib txhia kws attribute lub Baltic lub teb chaws (Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania) yog nyob rau hauv Central teb chaws Europe, txawm tias feem ntau tseem pom lawv raws li ib feem ntawm lub North.

Qhov no cheeb tsam yuav tsum tau muab faib ua ob sub-cheeb tsam: East-Central European (Poland, Slovakia, Czech koom pheej, Hungary, Romania) thiab lub Balkans (los yog Yugoslav), uas muaj xws li lub teb chaws ntawm yav tas los Yugoslavia (Bosnia thiab Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, Macedonia). Ib thaj nyuag, lub xeem pab pawg neeg ntawm lub teb chaws yuav tsum muaj raws li tau zoo Romania, tab sis rau economic thiab nom tswv yog vim li cas, lub teb chaws no yog tseem feem ntau yog hais txog mus rau lub East-Central European subregion.

yav qab teb cov teb chaws Europe

Sub-cheeb tsam yav qab teb teb chaws Europe tau muab faib mus rau hauv peb lub poob lawm: Iberian, Apennine thiab Balkan.

Cov thawj pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li Spain, Portugal, thiab Gibraltar yog ib tug British txawv teb chaws chaw uas zoo heev, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm muaj tus cwj pwm ntawm statehood. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tej zaum nyob rau hauv tib pab pawg neeg xws li Andorra, txawm hais tias lwm yam kws txawj nws koom Western teb chaws Europe.

Lub Apennine sub-cheeb tsam muaj xws li tag nrho cov ntawm ltalis, raws li zoo raws li ntsias lub xeev, surrounded los ntawm nws lub teb chaws - San Marino thiab lub Vatican. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ntawm no feem ntau kuj muaj xws li Malta thiab, vim qhov no kob lub teb chaws yog nyob ze tshaj rau lub ceg av qab teb.

Nyob rau hauv lub Balkan subregion yav qab teb teb chaws Europe, xws li Bulgaria, Albania thiab tim Nkij teb chaws. Qhov no kuj muaj xws li cov nyob sab Europe ib feem ntawm qaib ntxhw, ua ke nrog Istanbul. Tej zaum nrog rau cov kob ntawm Cyprus, nyob rau hauv view ntawm nws cov kev cai sib ze nrog tim Nkij teb chaws, tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov geographers, nws tseem ntshai raws li ib feem ntawm cov teb chaws Asia.

Lub division rau hauv sub-cov cheeb tsam ntawm sab qaum teb teb chaws Europe

Sub-cheeb tsam ntawm sab qaum teb teb chaws Europe kuj muab cov kev faib mus rau hauv qhov chaw. Qhov no muaj xws li Fennoscandia, lub Baltic States thiab kob Northern teb chaws Europe.

Tus qauv yog ib feem ntawm Fennoscandia, Finland, Denmark, Sweden thiab Norway. Cov yav tas ob lub teb chaws no kuj cais nws tus kheej Scandinavian sub-cheeb tsam, sai li sai raws li lawv yog ib thaj nyuag muab tso rau hauv tib ceg av qab teb.

Baltic lub teb chaws - yog Lithuania, Latvia thiab Estonia.

Island Northern teb chaws Europe - yog Iceland thiab cov Faroe Islands. Faroe Islands yog ib tug muaj Denmark, muaj ib tug tej yam autonomy.

Eastern Europe

Peb kawm subregions Sab nraum teb chaws Europe, nws yog tam sim no lub sij hawm tig mus rau lub chaw hu ua ib feem ntawm lub USSR. Yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm tus mob khaub thuas ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv Eastern Europe muaj xws li tag nrho cov teb chaws ntawm lub socialist camp, xws li teb chaws Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary thiab Romania, uas yog tam sim no raug xa mus rau raws li Central teb chaws Europe, tam sim no yog ib feem ntawm cheeb tsam no tsuas post-Soviet lub xeev.

Conditional sub-cov cheeb tsam ntawm Eastern Europe yuav tau muab faib ua ob yam loj pawg: Slavic thiab Caucasian. Cov thawj pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li Russia, Ukraine, Belarus thiab Moldova. Txawm hais tias tom kawg yog yeej los ntawm cov pejxeem tsis yog ntawm Slavic thiab Romanesque keeb kwm, uas, li cas los xij, tsuas muaj tseeb nrog qhov code lub npe ntawm no pab pawg neeg ntawm lub teb chaws.

Caucasian pawg nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, rau qhov cov tsis tau kiag li, tab sis tsuas yog cov nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm thaj teb chaws Europe. Ib cov kws txawj txawm xa lawv mus cov teb chaws Asia. Cov xeev - yog Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, raws li zoo raws li cov pom tau hais tias republics ntawm Abkhazia thiab South Ossetia.

Apart sawv Kazakhstan, nws pawg neeg thaj av yog tseem sab hnub tuaj ntawm Emba dej ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, tab sis nyob rau tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws mus rau lawv tus me feem ntawm.

UN faib

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj yog ib qho hauj lwm kev faib ntawm lub UN cov cheeb tsam ntawm teb chaws Europe. Nws txawv los ntawm lub saum toj no uas cais lub mainland yog tsis mus rau hauv tsib qhov chaw, thiab plaub: North, West, sab qab teb thiab sab hnub tuaj. Txawm li cas los, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua mus rau npe rau pab pawg neeg no nws tus kheej, uas yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov peculiarities ntawm lub cheeb tsam.

Raws li qhov no faib tawm, lub teb chaws hais tias peb yog saum toj no siv tau rau Central teb chaws Europe, muab faib nruab nrab ntawm cov Western, yav qab teb thiab Eastern. Austria, Switzerland thiab Liechtenstein ntawm sab hnub poob, thiab tag nrho cov lwm lub teb chaws tshwj tsis yog Yugoslavia lub teb chaws - mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Rau sab hnub tuaj teb chaws Europe, kuj siv rau Bulgaria. Xeev ntawm lub qub Yugoslavia xa mus rau sab qab teb.

kev faib ntawm lub WTO

Lub ntiaj teb no Tourism lub koom haum nws muaj nws tus kheej cais. Nyob rau hauv ntau lub respects nws tsa lub UN cais. Txawm li cas los, es tsis txhob ntawm Eastern Europe, ib tug zoo xws li cov pab pawg neeg lub npe hu ua Central thiab Eastern Europe.

Lub ntsiab sib txawv los ntawm lub UN kev faib dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias cov pab pawg neeg ntawm Central thiab Eastern Europe ntawm lub Baltic Nordic lub teb chaws tau tau kis, thiab rau sab qab zog - lub qub Yugoslav republics.

Lub ntsiab lus classifications

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, sib txawv kev faib tsis cuam tshuam rau cov uas twb muaj lub xeev ntawm affairs. Lawv cia li pab koj npaj daim ntawv ntawm lub xeev rau ib tug ntau xis ua hauj lwm nrog nws.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab hais tias xws li kev faib tsis nyob mus ib txhis, raws li lawv yog raws li tsis tsuas yog nyob rau geography, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv tus economic thiab kev nom kev tswv, uas muaj peev xwm sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub sij hawm, tej zaum yuav txawv thiab feem ntau txais kev grouping.