Formula polypropylene. Properties thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm polypropylene

Thiab polymers ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, tsev neeg cov khoom thiab accessories - qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm qhov kev lag luam thiab tib neeg lub neej nyob rau hauv feem ntau. Ntuj cov kev pab, hmoov tsis, loj depleted thaum lub sij hawm lawv siv. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg tau kawm coj los ua ke dag ntaub ntawv uas muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb kev yam ntxwv. Ib tug ntawm cov yog polypropylene. Tshuaj mis ntawm no compound, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws cov khoom thiab cov qauv ntawm cov molecule yuav muab suav hais tias nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.

Polymers - ib tug general piav qhia ntawm

Qhov no hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm tebchaw xws li cov neeg uas muaj ib tug heev tus nqi ntawm lub molecular ceeb thawj. Vim hais tias polymers - muaj txoj organic tebchaw uas muaj xws li ntau yam rov monomer units, uas yuav ua tau los ntawm ob peb kaum tawm mus rau pua pua, txhiab los yog tsheej lab.

Cov nram qab no pab pawg tej zaum yuav txawv ntawm tag nrho cov polymers:

1. Ntuj keeb kwm - cov nqaijrog, nucleic acid molecules ntawm ATP, thiab hais txog.
2. Dag - cov uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso, tab sis tau sib hloov nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txhim kho kev kawm. Piv txwv li, dag rubbers.
3. Khoom cua - cov neeg uas yog tsim tsuas yog los ntawm tshuaj, synthesis nyob rau hauv txoj kev kuaj thiab ntau lawm cog. Ntawm no piv txwv yog hluavtaws fabrics thiab fibers, polyethylene, hluavtaws rubbers, polyvinyl tshuaj dawb, polypropylene thiab lwm tus neeg.

Tag nrho cov teb cim nrog cov pab pawg ntawm polymers - ib tug tseem ceeb muaj raw cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv cov kev npaj thiab zus tau tej cov ntau yam khoom, tsev neeg cov khoom, khob iav, cov khoom ua si, rooj tog thiab lwm yam.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hluavtaws polymers

Cov tshuaj mis ntawm ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov khoom cua polymers yog sau raws li (-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -) _n. Qhov no polyethylene. Nws qhov chaw ntawm kev siv paub. Qhov no tsev neeg xav tau kev pab (khw zaj duab xis), thiab muaj, thiab khoom noj khoom haus kev lag luam (packing khoom). Txawm li cas los, txawm tias nws yog feem ntau, tab sis tsis yog tib tus neeg sawv cev yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov tib neeg. Nws kuj muaj xws li xws polymers li:

• PVC;
• polypropylene;
• polyisobutylene;
• polystyrene;
• Teflon;
• polyvinyl acetate, thiab lwm tus neeg.

Nws yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam, thiab rau cov uas ua cookware plays ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm cov ntaub ntawv uas xws li polypropylene. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ntxiv xav txog nws cov nta los ntawm ib tug tshuaj taw tes ntawm view.

polypropylene Formula

Los ntawm lub standpoint ntawm science Science News for KIDS, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub substance yuav qhia nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm cov qauv. Cov kev xaiv thawj yog cov molecular daim ntawv ntawm kev sau ntawv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus mis yog li polypropylene (C ₃ H _{6) n.} Xeem polimerazatsii n yog degree, i.e. tus xov tooj ntawm structural units nyob rau hauv thawj zaug macrochain.

Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv qhia ib qhov zoo thiab ntau pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub molecule. Polypropene muaj carbon thiab hydrogen atoms, thiab lawv muaj pes tsawg nyob rau hauv lub monomer chav tsev yog feem sib npaug zos rau 3/6, thiab ib tug tag nrho cov saw nyob rau hauv lub Performance index n. Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov qauv ntawm cov compound, nyob rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm atoms nyob rau hauv lub molecule, ces koj xav tau ib tug txawv hom ntawm cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv khoom.

Polypropylene: ntxwv mis

Cov ntaub ntawv yam, uas qhia tau hais tias qhov kev txiav txim ntawm atomic bonds nyob rau hauv lub molecule, hu ua tus yam ntxwv mis. Rau tshuaj xam tau tias yog no nws yuav muaj rau hauv daim ntawv: (CH ₂ -CH-CH ₃ -) _n. Obviously, cov valence atoms ntau nyob rau hauv cov organic Science News for KIDS thiab yog muab khaws cia tseg nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no. Formula polypropylene los yog polypropene qhia tau hais tias zoo li cas ntawm monomer tsev underlies compound. Nws yog tsim nyob rau ntawm ib tug unsaturated hydrocarbon (alkene) propene los yog propene. Nws empirical mis: C ₃ H _8.

Cov thawj zaug monomer

Cov mis tau txais cov polypropylene monomer raws li nram no: (-CH ₂ -CH-CH ₃ -). Yog hais tias qhov no fragment yog pheej rov qab ua pua pua ntawm lub sij hawm, peb tau txais tag nrho cov macromolecule, ib tug hluavtaws polymer, uas yog xam cov ntaub ntawv uas. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, peb twb qhia hais tias tag nrho cov pib cov ntaub ntawv uas rau lub polymerization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau raug xam tias ib txwm alkene - propene. Nws yog polypropylene monomer. Lub Khoos Loos Tsev mis yuav tau sau ntawv raws li CH ₃ -CH = CH _2. Thaum so xav muab ob npaug rau daim ntawv cog lus moiety tsim thaum lub sij hawm lub polymerization. Hais tias tib lub monomer unit, uas rov qab ua dua ntaub ntawv ib tug polymer macromolecule.

Lub cev thiab tshuaj zog

Polypropylene mis (-CH ₂ -CH-CH ₃ -) _n muab ib tug hais txog ntawm nws lub cev thiab tshuaj cov yam ntxwv. Peb sau cov ntsiab sawv daws yuav.

1. Lub cev thaj chaw ntawm polymer: 0,91 g / cm ^3, nyuaj, puas resistant, tsis raug mus rau corrosion. Dawb, opaque. Tsis muaj tsw. Nyob rau hauv dej, organic solvents ntawm zoo tib yam kub insoluble. Thaum index saum toj no 100 ⁰ C yog yaj nyob rau hauv hydrocarbon tebchaw. Nws pib mus soften tom qab 140 ⁰ C, ntawm 170 ⁰ C melts. Nws muaj kub thiab txias ua hauj.
2. Tshuaj zog. Los ntawm qhov seem yus pom ntawm kev ua si, polypropene yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi mus rau ib tug ntau heev inert khoom. Nws muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm reacting tsuas nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb muaj zog oxidants: fuming nitric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, active halogens (fluorine, tshuaj chlorine ua). Txij li thaum dej tsis INTERACTIONS rau hauv tag nrho, txawm nyob rau hauv kom kub. Txij li thaum xwb oxygen reacts raws li qhov irradiation nrog ultraviolet teeb, nws yog nrog los ntawm degradation ntawm lub polymer. Cov organic solvents nrog ua kub swells thiab dissolves.

Tej yam zog yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi rau tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom uas yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los, tsis yog txhua txhua ntawm tib polypropylene. Tshwj xeeb additives stabilizers, uas yog tsim siv ntau qib ntawm lub polymer nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas.

khoom Specifications

Nws yog ua tau rau xaiv ob peb yooj yim zog muaj los ntawm polypropylene ntaub ntawv. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov nram qab no:

1. Thaum cua kub yog tau yaj, muag yav tas los.
2. Muaj muaj conduction zog.
3. Udarostoek, check coj.
4. Resistant mus puas.
5. Laus thaum raug tshav ntuj thiab oxygen, tab sis cov txheej txheem yog sufficiently qeeb.
6. Raws li cov polymer muaj ib tug me me molecular ceeb thawj.
7. Muaj ib tug dawb, translucent, muaj tsis muaj saj los yog tsis hnov tsw.
8. Yog hais tias combustion tsis emit teeb meem tshuaj, nws emits ib lub teeb floral ntxhiab.
9. Nws yog saj zawg zog, check, resistant mus rau ntau yam hom ntawm cov pa phem.
10. Nws muaj cua sov thiab te.

Tag nrho cov teb cim nrog polypropylene li cov ntaub ntawv uas cov khoom ua nws haum rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm xav tau kev pab. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus siv, ib qho yooj yim kom muaj thiab siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev xyaum ntawm tej sector ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj peb lub ntsiab ntau ntau yam ntawm no cov ntaub ntawv uas:

• attaktichesky;
• syndiotactic;
• isotactic.

Lub ntsiab sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm lawv - nws yog lub spatial qauv ntawm cov qauv. Tshwj xeeb - lub methyl pawg nyob rau hauv cov saw hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd specifications cawv stabilizing additives, tus xov tooj ntawm monomer units nyob rau hauv lub macrostructure.

Tsim cov ntaub ntawv uas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug granular crystalline qauv los nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov fibers, los xij.

Cov cheeb tsam ntawm siv

Khoom polypropylene siv rau zus tau tej cov ntau yam films, ntim ntim, khoom noj khoom haus ntim. Nws yog vim hais tias nws yog feem ntau ua los ntawm yas khob thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm pov tseg tableware. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog siv rau cov kev ua check, resistant mus tshuaj cov neeg ua hauj Polypropylene kav dej kav.

Nws yog siv los tsim shumonepronitsaemyh cov ntaub ntawv. Adhesive daim kab xev - nws tseem yog ib tug ntawm polypropylene ntau ntau yam.

Attaktichesky khoom yog siv los ua:

• mastics;
• adhesives;
• caulking;
• nplaum tapes;
• Pavements thiab thiaj li nyob.

Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm polypropylene los xij, fibers, yoojyim rau qhov siv thiab ua cov khoom ua si, ntawv sau, tej khoom tsev thiab tsev neeg cov khoom.