Stalin Monument: yees duab thiab piav qhia

Thaum tus neeg lub npe - tus all-powerful thawj coj ntawm cov neeg IV Stalin - ib co neeg ua awe, thaum lwm tus neeg - lub ntshai, tag kev cia siab thiab kev sib ntxub. Qhov tseem ceeb yog hais tias txawm hnub no lub kwv yees ntawm nws cov contradictory lub neej. Nyob rau hauv ib haiv neeg hotly debated seb qhov no politician tsim nyog ib tug monument, Stalin yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tus neeg ntawd yog tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm. Yog li ntawd, cov nqe lus nug ntawm ib tug monument rau nws yog qhib.

Cia peb sim mus xyuas qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

Txiv neej monument Stalin nyob rau hauv lub kawm to taub

Tus txiv neej nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab ntawm nws lub contemporaries yog ib tug tiag tiag monument, ua los ntawm cov hardest cov ntaub ntawv. Nws fortitude thiab kev phem heev rau tus yeeb ncuab yog legendary. Stalin kov yeej cov neeg nrog nws ntxim nyiam thiab txoj kev ntseeg, tab sis yog ceev kom tau ua txhaum thiab feem ntau unpredictable.

Thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej, Stalin twb muab tso rau ib tug monument, txawm hais tias nws tsis yog ib tug loj supporter ntawm lub glorification ntawm nws lub npe. Txawm li cas los, nws tsis yog ib tug nrog sib ntaus ntawm tej yam ua ntawm nws ib ncig, nrhiav tau lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv no xyov pab.

Tus thawj duab puab ntawm tus thawj coj

Tus thawj monument ntawm no zoo nyob rau hauv Soviet Russia nyob rau hauv 1929 (sculptor Kharlamov). Nws yog tsim los rau cov 50 hnub tseem ceeb ntawm tus thawj coj. Tus thawj monument rau Stalin nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab tau tshwm sim lwm yam nyuab thiab ua hauj lwm.

Tom qab thawj Soviet thawj coj pib perpetuating tiag tiag boom ntawm cov monuments. Monument rau Lenin thiab Stalin yuav tau pom nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov zos thiab txoj kev tus USSR.

Muab xws chaw ntawm railway noj, squares, nyob ze ntawm lub tseem ceeb architectural chaw (ib tug ntawm Stalin monument sawv ntawm lub nkag mus rau lub Tretyakov Gallery rau ntawm qhov chaw nyob qhov twg lub monument Tretyakov yog tam sim no). Thiab nws tsis yog tus xwb monument rau Stalin nyob rau hauv Moscow. Nyob rau hauv lub nroog txij thaum lub 30-ies. ntsia 50 sculptures thawj coj.

Zoo li cov lug thoob plaws lub USSR twb muaj ntau heev uas lawv ua tim khawv txog qhov tshwj xeeb kev sib raug zoo mus rau lub "leej txiv ntawm haiv neeg."

Cov feem nrov qhov chaw

Ntawm cov loj tus naj npawb ntawm monuments, cov tub ceev xwm tau yuam kom xaiv cov tsim los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm lub official lub xeev ideology.

Tab sis li cas yuav tsum tau xaiv ib tug monument? Stalin nyob rau hauv no hais txog cov lus qhia (yog hais ntawm ncauj los yog nyob rau hauv sau ntawv) tsis muab, ces nws lug txhawb cov miv nyob rau hauv koj tus kheej uas yuav xaiv monument, uas yog tsim los ntawm Ukrainian sculptors. Nws portrayed Lenin thiab Stalin zaum ntawm ib lub rooj nyob rau hauv kev daws ib qho tseem ceeb lub xeev kev pab raws qib. Qhov no monument yog zoo nyob rau hauv hais tias nws qhia tau hais tias cov rooj saab laaj ntawm lub hwj chim los ntawm cov thawj coj Lenin kiv puag ncig mus rau lwm lub "yau" thawj coj Stalin.

Qhov no duab puab tam sim ntawd pib rau cov me nyuam thiab teem nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm cov USSR.

Ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm monuments tau tauj. Historians ntseeg lub caij nyoog nuj nqis, tab sis pom tias muaj ob peb txhiab (ua ke nrog busts, etc.).

Lub loj heev kev puas tsuaj ntawm monuments

Tom qab Stalin tuag, ib tug monument nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm nws txuas ntxiv mus rau tsim li. Txhua txhua xyoo muaj cov tshiab chaw. Cov feem ntau nrov dluab ntawm lub philosopher-Stalin (thawj coj sawv nyob rau hauv lub tub rog lub tsho tiv no thiab nias nws txhais tes rau nws lub plawv) thiab, Generalissimo Stalin. Nyob rau hauv tsuas yog ib qho tho kev "Artek" camp - lub All-Union cov me nyuam noj qab haus huv resort - ntsia plaub ntawm lub monument rau cov poj Stalin.

Txawm li cas los, tom qab 1956, thaum Khrushchev nyob rau 20th Congress of lub tog launched rau de-Stalinization txheej txheem, monuments ua massively muab rho. Qhov no txoj kev yog swift thiab tsis hlub leejtwg li. Txawm monuments tau puas lawm, qhov twg Stalin twb portrayed tom ntej no mus Lenin. Feem ntau nws twb ua thaum hmo ntuj, thiaj li tsis mus ua ib tug yws yws ua pej xeem. Tej zaum cov duab puab cia li faus nyob rau hauv lub hauv av los yog tawg.

Txoj hmoo ntawm cov monuments ntawm lub qub Soviet Union

Thaum lub teb chaws ntawm lub Warsaw Pact txiav txim siab tawm ntawm lub Coalition kawg monuments tau muab los ntawm cov thawj coj zoo, leej twg muaj nyob rau hauv lub socialist lub teb chaws ntawm Eastern Europe.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, tus txheej txheem no tsis yog tau pom. Lub teb chaws nyob rau lub sij hawm no nquag tau txais tshem ntawm lub ideological cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm yav dhau los.

Txawm li cas los, nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub 90s. Sociologists tau pom qhov mas qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws muaj yog ib tug zoo ntawm nostalgia rau ib tug bygone Soviet era.

Thiab nws tsis yog li ntawd, monuments rau Stalin nyob rau hauv Russia tau nquag tshwm.

Niaj hnub no, muaj txog 36. Feem ntau ntawm cov sculptures nyob rau hauv North Ossetia (piv txwv tias yog hais tias lawv yog haiv neeg twg Yauxej Dzhugashvili yog ib nrab ntawm Georgians, Ossetians thiab ib nrab). Feem ntau monuments yog tsim mej zeej ntawm lub Communist tog. Muaj kuj yog ib tug private teg num ntawm cov pej xeem.

Raws li ib tug dav dav txoj cai, lub installation ntawm lub monument rau nws tus kheej lawm muaj teeb meem. Yog li ntawd, ib co pej xeem yog kev koom tes nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem no, thaum lwm tus neeg foob nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub rau cov dismantling ntawm lub sculptural monuments.

Txawm li cas los, feem ntau yuav, tus xov tooj ntawm qhov chaw yuav ua rau kom nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws.

Yog li, muaj ntau yam kev tsis sib haum yuav pom nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus nug ntawm seb yuav tsum tau txais ib tug formidable "Comrade Stalin" los ntawm lub xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm ib tug monument. Stalin yog ib tug muaj zog thawj coj uas yuav txuag tau nws lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm loj ntshai heev txawm. Tab sis nws nkag mus hauv lub xyoo pua raws li ib tug phem, tej zaum txawm ruthless politician uas skilfully straightened nrog tag nrho cov neeg uas tau tsis sib haum xeeb rau nws.

Thaj, qhov kawg kab lus ntawm tus neeg ntawd muaj peev xwm tsuas ua tau keeb kwm nws tus kheej.