Sofia Parnok. Lavxias teb sab paj huam thiab tshuab txhais lus. Biography, creativity

Sofia Parnok - ib tug txawj ntse kws sau paj lug thiab tus neeg txhais lus. Nws yog hu ua tus Lavxias teb sab Sappho (Sappho) - nws yog qhov tsuas yog ib nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov Soviet qhov chaw hais lus tab neeg hais txog lesbian hlub. Nws yog dav paub thiab yog illuminated los ntawm txawv sab ntawm nws cov kev sib raug zoo nrog Marina Tsvetaeva. Xeem - ntau popularized los ntawm cov kws sau paj lug, thaum Parnok tsis inferior mus rau nws tsis muaj txuj ci, tsis muaj tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Ob leeg ntawm lawv, kws sau paj lug ntawm lub nyiaj hnub nyoog, uas tshuav ib tug ntau ntawm cov biographical ntaub ntawv - ib tug khoom plig rau cov me nyuam. Sofia Yakovlevna paub tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub expanses ntawm Russia. Ib tug ntau ntawm no muaj kev koomteg rau hauv phau ntawv Diana Lewis Burgin "Sofia Parnok. Lub neej thiab kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Sappho '.

cov ntaub ntawv

Sofiya Yakovlevna Parnok, lub npe tiag tiag uas tsis nyuaj li Parnoh, tau yug los nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub yim hli ntuj, tus xov tooj ntawm 11, nyob rau hauv 1885 (raws li mus rau lub qub daim ntawv qhia hnub - Lub Xya hli ntuj 30). Lub hometown ntawm lub kws sau paj lug - Taganrog. Sofia txiv, Yakov Solomonovich, muaj ib lub tsev muag tshuaj, qhov uas nws nws tus kheej tau ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kws tshuaj. Nws muaj lub npe ntawm mus saib xyuas pej xeem ntawm lub nroog. Alexander Abramovna, Sophia niam, los ntawm txoj hauj lwm thiab txoj hauj lwm yog ib tug kws kho mob, nws twb teev nyob rau hauv thawj tiam ntawm cov poj niam kws kho mob nyob rau hauv Russia. Parnoh tsev neeg yog vam meej, dua li, yog ib feem ntawm cov kev cai thiab kev txawj ntse tseem ceeb ntawm lub nroog. Nws tsis yog li ntawd tag nrho cov me nyuam ntawm cov Yakhauj thiab Alexandra Solomonovicha Abramovna tau txig tsim - los ntawm thaum ntxov thaum yau lawv ua si suab paj nruag, thaum ntxov kawm nyeem ntawv, kawm ob lwm hom lus (German thiab Fabkis). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau peb cov heroine, thiab kev vam meej nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim teb mus txog nws tus tij laug thiab tus muam (Valentin Parnoh thiab Elizaveta Tarahovskaya). Nws mus ua tus thawj paub tias cov suab paj nruas daim duab, txhais thiab sau nws tus kheej cov paj huam. Elizaveta Tarahovskaya kuj los ua lub npe hu ua ib tug kws sau paj lug. Sofia Parnok, nyob rau hauv lem, tsis ntev tsom nws txawj txuj ci - tus thawj nqe twb sau nws rov qab nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm rau.

thaum ntxov xyoo

Gemini, Valentin thiab Lizaveta tseem hluas tshaj nws tus niam laus, Sophia, rau kaum xyoo. Nrog rau cov me nyuam yug ntawm lawv kab Parnoh tsev neeg qee - muab lub neej mus rau lawv cov me nyuam, Alexander Abramovna tuag nyob rau hauv me nyuam. Leej Txiv, tsis xav nyob ib leeg xwb, tom qab tej lub sij hawm txiav txim siab rau ib tug thib ob kev sib yuav thiab sib yuav ib tug governess. Qhov yuav tshwm - kev tsis sib haum thiab txias nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog tus hlob tus ntxhais. Txij li thaum lub neej nyob rau hauv nws cov haiv neeg Taganrog tsev yog rau Sophia Parnok ib tug tsim txom.

tsim

Nyob rau hauv 1894, ib tug hluas Parnok cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv cov poj niam txoj kev Taganrog Marian chav xyaum tes taw. 1900 cim pib ntawm kev sau ntawv ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov kwv huam - lub caij nyoog kab thiab tus qauv npaj ntawm Sofia kaw nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv, muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv tau dim. Lawv muab ntaub ntawv hais txog cov paj huam Parnok uas lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv 1903 nws kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv nrog honors, uas tau txais ib tug kub puav pheej rau lawv achievements. Nyob rau xyoo tom ntej Sofia Yakovlevna nplooj siab Geneva Conservatory, los ntawm kev uas lub kws sau paj lug txig si nyob rau hauv piano, txawm li cas los, los ntawm ib tug tshuab raj nws tsis mus.

Sofia Parnok rov qab los ntawm Switzerland rau Russia nrog lub tswv yim mus ntxiv lawv txoj kev kawm. Hauv nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, qhov twg nws nyob nws tus txiv ntxawm, Parnok thiab sim ua mus ntxiv nws cov suab paj nruas kev kawm ntawv, tab sis, muaj kawm nyob rau hauv lub Conservatory ntawm lub nroog rau ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm, kuv pom tau hais tias kev txiav txim siab music tsis yog rau nws, thiab sab laug no tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv 1905. Nws twb koom kuj nyob rau hauv lub Siab poj niam Bestuzhev hoob kawm, tab sis nws xaiv ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm txoj cai lij choj thiab yog tsis tau tiav.

creation

Needless hais, tus mob siab rau yog cov ntaub ntawv rau Parnok? Sofia Yakovlevna ntau ntau translations ntawm Fabkis, sau sketches thiab caricatures, thiab Geneva sawv nws kuj tshwm sim rau sau tus thawj lub voj voog ntawm cov kwv huam - nws yog muaj hais tias nws tau ntsib Nadezhda Pavlovna Polyakov. Lyrics Sofia Parnok, nyob rau hauv tus, yog meej permeated nrog txoj kev hlub rau ib tug poj niam, ib tug ib txwm nws pom tau hais thaum ntxov thiab tsis tawm tsam Nws.

Poet sau pib nyob rau hauv 1906. Debut pib nws tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv "Lavxias teb sab Wealth" thiab "sab qaum teb sau ntawv" (luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1913 nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm Andrew Polyanina, sau ib qho tseem ceeb cov khoom).

Los ntawm 1910 Parnok koob meej nyob rau hauv phau ntawv sau voj voog loj hlob mus rau lub point hais tias ib tug "Lavxias teb sab lus xaiv," nws yog ib tug mus tas kev koom tes. Tus heev kws sau paj lug tsiv mus nyob rau hauv Moscow.

Nyob rau hauv 1916 tuaj thawj sau paj huam Sofia Yakovlevna Parnok hu ua prosaic ( "Kwv huam").

Tom qab lub 1917 kiv puag ncig, lub kws sau paj lug mus rau lub Pike, tab sis rov qab mus rau Moscow nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20s thiab tau tso plaub collections ntawm paj huam (1922-1928.).

Nyob rau hauv 1930, lub opera tau staged nyob rau hauv nws libretto vozymevshaya resounding zoo.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, Sofia Parnok, zoo li ntau thaum lub sij hawm, yog tu ncua hloov.

Tej lub neej

Txawm tias ib tug thaum ntxov paub txog ntawm lawv orientation, Lavxias teb sab Sappho nyob rau hauv 1907 tau sib yuav VM Volkshteyna. Tej zaum yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog qhov yooj yim nyiaj txiag qhov teeb meem - lub txiv, tsis tau zoo siab nrog zaj lus qhia no rau nws tus ntxhais, tau ceased Parnok nyiaj ntsuab. Tab sis ob xyoos tom qab sib yuav tas nyob rau hauv kev sib nrauj. Sofia tau tsis tau hlub nws tus txiv, dua li, raws li nws muab tawm, muab pub rau nws raws li cov me nyuam ua tsis tau.

Thaum nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, Parnok yog me ntsis txog cov lub ua txawj nuj nqis ntawm lub sij hawm, xws li Alexander BLOK thiab thaum lub sij hawm ib tug me ntsis-paub Anna Akhmatova. Ib txhia ntawm lawv twb nws nyob ze cov phooj ywg thoob plaws hauv lawv lub neej, xws li Maximilian Voloshin.

Marina Tsvetaeva thiab Sofia Parnok

Relations nruab nrab ntawm ob nto moo paj huam tseem nthuav thiab biographers thiab admirers ntawm lawv tej hauj lwm.

Lub kaum hli ntuj 16, 1914 nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov zajlus yav tsaus ntuj thiab tau ntsib cov ob kindred ntsuj plig. Lawv romance ntawd kub ntev li raws nraim ob xyoos - kom txog rau thaum lub caij ntuj no ntawm 1916. Lawv zoo siab tsoo tawm li mam li nco dheev, raws li yog hais tias nyob ua ntej los yav tom ntej rau hauv lub tragic sij hawm - ob qho tag nrho xav tias lawv yuav tsum tau tawm hauv sai sai. Tab sis dab tsi yuav txawm novels los yog cheerleader Sofia Parnok (biography qhia, piv txwv li, hais txog cuaj Vedeneevoy, nws lub xeem kev hlub), Marina Tsvetaeva tshuav ib tug sib sib zog nqus tej qhov cim tseg nyob rau hauv nws nco thiab nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm.

tsis ntev los no xyoo

Lub yim hli ntuj 26, 1933 nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Sofia Yakovlev tuag ntawm koj lub plawv nres. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, nws tsis tau sau ntawv, thiab tsiv tas los ntawm kev sau ntawv voj voog. Pam tuag cov tsav Parnok twb Lefertovo. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lawv Boris Pasternak yog tam sim no. Tsvetaeva, nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tseeb, raug kev txom nyem kev tuag ntawm ib tug qub hluas nkauj es tsis muaj ab tsi.