Silicate iav: ntau lawm thiab kev siv

Khob - ib qho ntawm feem nrov, nrhiav-tom qab cov ntaub ntawv rau qhov sib txawv spheres ntawm lub neej. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab finishing ua hauj lwm, nws yog los mus rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm applied thiab fine art, duab yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kev lag luam. Qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov pheej yig, yooj yim nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg cov ntaub ntawv. Feem ntau hom, uas peb feem ntau lub ntsej muag, thiab kev siv cov khoom tsim los ntawm nws - silicate iav.

Yuav ua li cas yog nws?

Lub hiob khoom ntawm cov iav hlaws dai pom tau hais tias tau pom thaum lub sij hawm excavations nyob rau hauv Egypt, zaum ntseeg tias lub foundations ntawm ntau tshaj tsib txhiab xyoo. Txij thaum ntawd los, lub iav muaj pes tsawg leeg tau hloov me ntsis. Cov ntsiab keeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yog silica xuab zeb (Si0 ₂₎ - silicate. Yuav kom qhov no ntxiv dej qab zib, dej qab zib tshauv, limestone, thiab ob peb lwm yam khoom.

Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam kom tau iav loj yog tov oxides ntawm yooj yim tshuaj thiab melted nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg. Lub melting kub nyob rau hauv lub additive, hloov lub zog ntawm cov iav. Cov uas ua loj yog molded nyob rau hauv ob peb txoj kev: ua tiaj iav, imparting ib tug txawv cov duab (crockery, npog rau chandeliers, iav rau watches, etc.), ua ib tug preform rau tom ntej ua boxed iav cav tshuab thiab ntau dua.

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub khob ua tseem ceeb pab tau los ntawm Lomonosov M. V., Kitaygorodsky NI, yog xav nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim sab ntawm lub qhov teeb meem Mendeleev D. I. thiab lwm tus neeg. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los txhais cov ntaub ntawv uas "silicate iav". Yuav ua li cas yog nws? Ib tug cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj ib tug amorphous qauv, ib tug crystalline qauv tau yaj mixed oxides ua raws li los ntawm txias.

Qhuav ntawm cov iav

Cov yooj yim caij rau zus tau tej cov iav yog ib tug quartz xuab zeb, uas yog ntxiv tsawg kawg yog nyob rau hauv lub proportions ntawm tsib cov khoom xyaw. Yuav kom yooj yim formulation, nyob ntawm seb qhov ntxiv siv ntawm cov khoom tau lub hom phiaj ua additives: oxidants, opacifiers, decolorisers, dyes, accelerators thiab thiaj li nyob. Cov hlau oxides yog siv raws li colorants. Piv txwv li, tooj liab pes iav loj ntawm liab hlau yuav muab xiav los yog daj tinge, cobalt oxides muab xiav thiab colloidal nyiaj - daj.

Qhov npaj qhuav sib tov twb them mus rau hauv ib khob melting rauv taws nyob qhov twg cov khoom raw yog melted ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 1200-1600 ° C nyob rau lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm 12 mus rau 96 teev. Khob Manufacturing tiav sai txias txheej txheem, tsuas nyob rau hauv no mob lub molten iav tau txais tag nrho cov uas yuav tsum tau zoo ntawm transparency, neeg kho tshuab zog thiab ntxiv zog tau pw nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm nws ntawm oxides.

Hom silicate iav

Tso cov ntaub ntawv uas hais txog lub zog-intensive dab, thiab lawv koom nyob rau hauv silicate kev lag luam. Khob raug kev lag luam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov hom furnaces nrog tas mus li kev pab txhawb nqa predetermined kub. qhuav muab yog loaded los ntawm ib kawg ntawm lub cub tawg, cov qhov hluav taws xob yog pom tiav lawm khoom.

Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog lub thoob plaws siv yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv hom nyob rau hauv ntau yam industries silicate iav:

• Silica impurities tsis muaj sodium oxides, poov tshuaj - yog alkali-free iav. Nws muaj ib tug high kuj los ua cua sov thiab zoo hluav taws xob khoom. Ntawm cov shortcomings - nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau cov txheej txheem.
• Sodium, poov tshuaj, sodium-poov tshuaj - alkaline iav. Feem ntau hom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas haum rau thoob ntiaj teb daim ntawv thov. Nws yog tsim los rau cov thoob dej yug ntses iav, qhov rais, tais diav thiab thiaj li nyob.
• Alkali hlau oxides nrog ib tug high school cov ntsiab lus ntawm hnyav hlau. Piv txwv li, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov hlau lead yuav tsum tau siv lead ua, kho qhov muag iav.

Ntau siv

Silicate iav muaj ob peb thaj chaw uas pab kom nws siv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam. Txhua yam ntawm cov qualities yuav kho kom zoo, thiab yog li ntawd muab ntxiv lub sij hawm. Piv txwv li, lub khob coated nrog hlau ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib daim iav, thiab yuav tau siv raws li ib tug hnub ci roj teeb nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob.

Tu thiab cov tswv yim zog khob iav undeniable. Cov khoom muaj tsis muaj porosity thiab, li no, nws tsis yug cov kab mob, ib qho yooj yim mus ntxuav, yog resistant mus rau tej yam khoom noj. Bakeware therefrom multitasking yuav tsum ci nyob ntawm ib tug kub nyob rau hauv lub qhov cub los yog muab tso rau hauv lub freezer tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj.

Stratification thiab thickness

Cov khoom muaj ib tug ua thickness, uas txiav txim nws cov tuition. Cov ntawv 2 hli tuab, yog haum rau lub qhov rais. Khob yog siv rau ib tug thoob dej yug ntses ntawm tsawg kawg yog 5 hli, nyob ntawm seb qhov ntim ntawm dej poured mus rau hauv lub thawv. Txawm li cas los, aquarists tau nce tuaj mus rau ntseeg tau hais tias kev siv ntawm acrylic analogue yog ntau npaum li cas yooj yim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog tias koj xav tau tus muaj peev xwm mus 500 liters los yog ntau tshaj.

Siv ib tug laminate (laminated) expands: glued ua ke ntawm lub polymer zaj duab xis web yog yuav luag puas lawm, nws muaj kev ruaj ntseg vim hais tias nws tsis crumble. Rauj mus ua txhaum lub ob silicate iav 10 hli tuab interlayer zaj duab xis yog suab tsis yooj yim sua. Laminated iav ua pob tshab txuas hniav, txojkev facades ntawm vaj tse, ntseej thiab lwm yam basins.

zog

Siv cov ntaub ntawv uas silicate-raws li pom nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub tsev. Lawv yog siv tsis tsuas yog rau cov qhov rais tab sis kuj raws li ntxiv kev tiv thaiv thiab ib tug phau ntawv. Yog li, lub kua iav twb kho foundation blocks, uas ua rau lawv resistant rau dej, pwm, kub hloov mus hloov los thiab li ntawd.

Bent los yog matt translucent khoom siv nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, nws ua lub qhov rooj ntawm cov rooj tog, nqais, facades, thiab hais txog.

Silicate iav muaj cov nram qab zog:

• Transparency.
• Lub teeb Reflectance.
• Tus phooj ywg environmentally.
• Thaum tshav kub kub kuj.
• Kuj mus txhoj puab heev tshuaj tej kev kawm.
• Ntuj kuj mus txhoj puab heev ib puag ncig.
• Durability.
• Tsis tshua muaj thermal conductivity.

Ntxiv qualities xws li kuj mus kev nyuaj siab thiab txhua yam kev puas tsuaj, muab cov ntaub ntawv uas los ntawm quenching. Lub essence ntawm tus txheej txheem yog ceev ceev cua kub thiab ceev ceev txias ntawm tib nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm. Zog tsub kom los ntawm 4-5 lub sij hawm. Vim hais tias nws ua rau cov iav rau cov sij hawm, qhov rooj panels, rooj tog zaum, lub sab hauv tsev phab ntsa.

khoom raug

Lauj kaub tais diav uas ua los ntawm silica iav thiab tsev neeg cov khoom no yog ua los nyob rau hauv ob peb tseem ceeb txoj kev:

• Nias. Lub khov loj yog poured mus rau hauv ib tug taag puab, ces siv ib tug movable pwm ib feem (punch) yog muab tej yam tsis. Cov pwm rau puab nto yuav muaj ib tug qauv, uas thaum lub sij hawm xuas nrig ntaus yog nqa nyob rau hauv cov txheej feem ntawm tsab xov xwm.
• Tshuab. Nws txawv los ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab thiab los ntawm txhais tes. Lub phab ntsa thickness ntawm cov khoom mas nws txawv ntawm lub 1 hli mus rau 10 hli. Qhov no txoj kev ua vases, lam hwj, tsom iav, khob. Los ntawm txhais tes blowing - nws yog daim duab. Master glassmakers tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb cov khoom siv rau lub pob tshab thiab dawb lias masses comprise hlau lub cev ua hauj lwm, tej yam ntuj tso raw cov ntaub ntawv, kub thiab thiaj li nyob. tes tshuab yog tsis pom zoo tib yam khoom.
• Casting. Mas siv rau kev tsim figurines, statues. Industrially manufactured los ntawm molding lub kho qhov muag iav.
• Lub multi-theem ob leeg. Siv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ob technologies: blowing thiab pressing. Piv txwv li, lub peev xwm ntawm cov iav yog cua tshuab thiab ceg xovxwm, tiav lawm qhov chaw muaj kev cob cog.

Hniav ua

Silicate iav - fertile khoom rau ntau hom ntawm kho kom zoo nkauj. Paub qhov txawv kub thiab txias clearance.

Rau cov kub muaj xws li:

• Uas tseg tau tej cov hlau oxides.
• Nws muaj ib tug ntau ntawm txawv xim nrog rau ib tug ntxiv shaping (Venetian iav nrog tsuas).
• Krakelirovanie. Lub loj yog puab ua ib yam khoom yog txias sai heev, ua rau nto tej kab nrib pleb tshwm sim, rau kev kho cov khoom melted.
• Fusing.
• Kub txoj kev cords, yarns, ua raws li los ntawm cov additive rau hauv tsab xov xwm.
• Tsim kom muaj ib tug ntxiv hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntug nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm lub moj tej tawg. Tiav los ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej.

Khaub thuas pwm kho kom zoo nkauj:

• Neeg kho tshuab: sib tsoo, engraving, pob zeb diamond facet, Sandblasting.
• Tshuaj: Etching nrog hydrofluoric acid.
• Cuav: painting, nqus qauv decal, txhob lo lo ntxhuav-screen printing, plating, ntshav Txau, nrag ci xim.

Lwm yam ntawm cov iav

Niaj hnub nimno technologies cia muab ntxiv zoo silica iav. Ntawm no, cov feem ntau nthuav thiab nrov yog:

Ntse iav: lub hom ntawm cov khoom uas hloov nws cov khoom nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lwm yam kev mob. Piv txwv li, thaum ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no cov khoom yuav opaque, thaum disconnecting Circuit Court rov mus rau lub pob tshab lub xeev.

Khob fibers (fiberglass) yog tau los ntawm nqus cov khoom rau hauv nyias (ntsuas nyob rau hauv microns) yarns. Ntawm lawv tsim ib tug txaus saj zawg zog cov ntaub ntawv uas. Siv rau zus tau tej cov fiber, insulating cov ntaub ntawv, thiab li ntawd.

Qhia meej ntxiv Khob: zoo tib yam dej qab zib-txiv qaub iav muaj ib tug greenish los yog grayish tint, zoo-cim, Yog hais tias koj saib nyob rau cov kev txiav. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, cov ntaub yog ib nyuag dawb lias. Kom tsis txhob no nyhuv, nyob rau hauv lub tsim txoj kev ntxiv brighteners, neutralizing pliaj xim. Nws txawv ntawm cov pa enhanced teeb kis tau tus mob muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom, inks kis tau tus mob tsis tau hloov xim.