Reserve Orenburg: nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu, keeb kwm thiab archaeological chaw

Orenburg thaj av ntawd nyob rau ciam teb chaw sib txawv ntawm cov zoogeographical cheeb tsam thiab thaj chaw. Muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb coj mus rau lub originality thiab cov uniqueness ntawm lub zos fauna.

Reserves, nyob rau hauv cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub xeev, yog kev kawm ntawv (nyob rau hauv ecology), kev tshawb fawb, kev, tej koom haum. Tus aim ntawm cov kev ua ub no kom tau khaws cia thiab kawm tej yam ntuj tso zog ntawm tej yam ntuj tso dab los yog tshwm sim. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm cov aav yog Iwj tsiaj caj nyiaj muaj thiab fauna, kev kawm mus rau lub preservation ntawm ib tug neeg zej zog thiab hom muaj thiab fauna, tshwj xeeb los yog raug ecological systems. Reserve "Orenburg" - yog tsis muaj exception.

piav

Environmental tsam yog tsim los ntawm plaub feem, tag nrho cov cheeb tsam uas yog sib npaug rau 21,7 txhiab. Ha.

Orenburg Reserve muaj:

• "Talovskie steppe" - 3200 hectares;
• "Burtinskaya steppe" - 4500 hectares;
• "Aytuarskuyu steppe" - 6753 hectares;
• "Aschisayskuyu steppe" - 7200 hectares.

Tag nrho cov aav cov txheej txheem ntawm kwv yees li nyob rau tib lub latitude. Longitude lawv yog cais los ntawm txhua lwm yam los ntawm 240, 380 thiab 75 km. Qhov no hwv fragmentation tso cai rau tag nrho tuaj rau theem pib hom ntawm toj roob hauv pes nyob rau hauv lub steppes ntawm lub Orenburg thaj av ntawd.

Keeb kwm ntawm creation

Tus thawj cov kev npaj rau lub koom haum ntawm tus tiv thaiv cheeb tsam tau tsim rov qab nyob rau hauv lub twenties ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1975 lawv pib muab los siv. Lub impetus tau txais kev pab raws li ib txoj kev kawm ntawm ib qho ntawm lub expeditions, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm uas twb ntes tau primordial steppe av nyob rau hauv lub Orenburg thaj av ntawd. Thaum kawg, lub zeem cia yog tsim los pab rau hauv 1989.

climatic tsam

Nyob rau hauv ib ncig reigns qhuav continental kev nyab xeeb. Qhov nruab nrab kub ntawm 2.5 ° C. Lub te-free lub sij hawm ntawm lub zeem cia yog 130 hnub. Qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo dej nag yog 390mm.

Aytuarskaya steppe

Lub chaw uas zoo heev occupies ib thaj tsam ntawm 6753 hectares, nws yog nyob rau ntawm sab laug bank ntawm tus dej. Ural Toj siab, nyob rau ciam teb ntawm peb lub teb chaws nrog Kazakhstan. Mus txog rau 60-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem nyob rau hauv lub loj heev steppes ntawm no ob txaj muag Kazakh aul. Steppe thiab tiaj nyom tracts siv raws li hayfields, tab sis tag nrho cov nyiaj txiag kev ua ub no tshem tawm niaj hnub no. Qhov kos yog tus tsuas yog nees ua liaj ua teb, qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsim los ua siab zoo Aytuarke rau koumiss.

Orenburg cia nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yog suav hais tias yog feem ntau mountainous seem. Nws yog ib feem ntawm lub Ural daim ntau quav tso tes. Lub fauna yog sawv cev los ntawm 38 hom ntawm cov tsiaj. Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntau zoo tib yam hamsters, loafers, yooj yim slepushonki, birch nas, pikas. Txhom yog steppe ferrets, hma. Lub lov tas vau thiab ntxhov thickets inhabited los ntawm cov mos lwj, npua teb qus, elk.

Lug 106 hom noog, nws yog sau hais tias 41 tawm ntawm lawv lub zes. Yog tshaj Falconiformes, nrog rau cov lesser kestrel, saker liaj, imperial dav dawb hau, buzzard, Pallid Harrier, Dav dawb hau. Nyob rau hauv no cheeb tsam ntawm lub zeem cia muaj nyob me ntsis bustards, partridges, quails. Kab yog hais ib tug ntau yam ntawm hom uas muaj npe nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv Russia.

Keeb kwm thiab archaeological site khoom

Tsis pub dhau lub zeem cia muaj plaub nkaus xwb thiab ob burial pov toj. Close mus rau lub site thaj tsam rau ib tug tag nrho ntawm 16 barrows pov tseg.

Aschisayskaya steppe

Qhov no cheeb tsam yog nyob rau ntawm ib thaj tsam ntawm 7200 hectares, uas yog nyob rau hauv Svetlinskoye cheeb tsam. Yav tas los steppe yog ib tug limited pasture nyuj load, ib txhia qhov chaw siv raws li hay.

Lub nyem cheeb tsam yog tiaj tus, tiaj tus, me ntsis zij. Zoo nkauj zoo Aschisayskoy steppe muab relict cliffs, ridges, ridges, yog tsis raug mus rau kev ua ntws thiab pas dej.

Hydrographic steppe hollows yog ob peb thiab cov pas dej loj, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub txhaws volume ntawm rhawv vernal dej. Feem ntau ntawm lawv muaj ib tug sib npaug lawm. Qhov no yog ib qhov zoo nkauj tshaj qhov chaw, uas boasts ib tug xwm zeem cia "Orenburg".

Hais tias yog kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no?

Nyob rau lub teb chaws yog kis tau ntau tshaj 20 hom tsiaj, 53 hom ntawm zes noog. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm fauna (cov tsiaj qus), feem ntau cov yam ntxwv hom me me nas, Badger, steppe polecat, Marmot, hma liab. Ntawm cov noog txiav txim siab los faib belladonna, steppe dav dawb hau, Lark. Steppe pas dej zes Ogar, heron, os.

Monuments ntawm cov keeb kwm thiab archaeological nqi

Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub zeem cia muaj ib tug pov toj, uas, raws li cov kev tshawb fawb, belongs rau cov tsev neeg ntawm lub caij medieval nomads. Nws qhov siab yog 1 m, lub cheeb - 20 m.

Burtinskaya steppe

Lub tsev kawm ntawv yog nyob rau hauv Preduralsky Orenbuzhya cheeb tsam occupying ib cheeb tsam ntawm 4,500 Ha. Steppe thaum lub sij hawm lub Soviet era tej ua raws li hay. Qhov tsis zoo noj muaj saline thiab tiaj nyom tracts, Karst pas dej Koskol.

Lub steppe nyob rau hauv sab hnub tuaj Urals foredeep yog li ntawd hais cuam kawb thiab steeply zij struts. Niaj hnub nimno toj roob hauv pes pib nws tsim nyob rau hauv lub Pliocene mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub nras. Lub ntsiab hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov dej nkauj nraug rau hauv toj siab yog Mueldy.

Lub hom pob zeb uas muaj los ntawm continental liab polymictic conglomerates. Av-txoj kev pob zeb yog ntau yam. Nyob rau lub ntseg thiab maj slopes yog tam sim no eluvial deposits ntawm hnyav kev ntxhib los mos.

Nyob rau hauv lub site qhia kaum ntawm ntau yam av. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov av ua lub yav qab teb dub av los ntawm keeb kwm. Lub humus qab ntug nce mus txog txog 38 cm, nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov humus los txog rau 8%.

Lub Hydrographic network yog zoo heev tsim thiab yus los ntawm ib tug tas mus li txaus. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm lub sab sauv nce mus txog ntawm me me dej ntws, lub qhov chaw, ib ntus dej. Nyob rau hauv cov kev tiv thaiv cheeb tsam, muaj yog ob lub pas dej loj Koskol nrog Karst keeb kwm. Cov dej no slabomineralizirovannaya.

Orenburg Reserve, qhov muaj yog ib tug caij nplooj ntoos hlav Kaynar (nyob rau hauv Burtinskaya steppe), yog lub stunning countryside. Tus heev qhov twg los ntxiv rau lub ntsiab attractions. Nws cheeb tsam ntawm cov dej saum npoo ntawm 15 m². Nws yog ib tug haib, txaus caij nplooj ntoos hlav voklyuznogo hom tsis khov txawm nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no.

Burtinskaya steppe yog suav tias yog ib tug benchmark Preduralsky steeply zij, cuam kawb ua hauj lwm. Lub cheeb tsam hais hav-beam, mezhsyrtovo-hav, syrt-upland struts hom.

Cov muaj ntawm lub steppe nrhiav tau ib tug xov tooj ntawm relics thiab gornostepnyh edemikov, xws li Ural clove, astragalus Guelma, scratchy gornokolosnik thiab lwm tus neeg.

State Ntuj Reserve "Orenburg" nyob rau hauv Burtinskaya steppe khaws ntau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm muaj thiab fauna. Ib tug tshwj xeeb ntau yam thiab wealth ntawm txawv fauna. Yog muaj nyob rau hauv hauv av txog 120 hom noog, xws li 51 hom zes tuas. Qhov tseem raug cov neeg sawv cev yuav tau me ntsis bustard, steppe dav dawb hau, demoiselle crane, kestrel, belladonna, liab-footed liaj, harrier, dub grouse.

Ntawm cov tsiaj nyob 24 hom: squirrels, marmots, loafers, hamsters, voles, pikas. Ntawm cov tsiaj reptiles yuav tau muab sau tseg steppe viper thiab los vaub kib.

Keeb kwm thiab archaeological site khoom

Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws lub burial pov toj, uas belongs rau lub Sarmatian kab lis kev cai VII-III centuries. d. n. e. Lub monument nyob rau ntawm ib lub toj siab nyob ze Mueldy daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas tus cim "420,9 m." Nws yog tsim los ntawm lub mounds 13, ob tug uas yog tshwj xeeb yog loj thiab ncav cuag ib qhov siab ntawm 2.5 m lub cheeb thiab 40 m Lwm yam mounds yog yuav luag identical :. siab ntawm 0.8 m thiab ib lub cheeb ntawm 10 mus rau 20 m.

Talovskaya steppe

Lub tsev kawm ntawv yog nyob rau thawj tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub cheeb tsam, thiab npog thaj 3200 hectares. Txog thaum 1988 muaj twb muaj ib tug mob loj tsawv grazing nees, yaj thiab cov nyuj. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ib tug lub caij ntuj sov chaw nres tsheb yaj grazing nyob ze uas cov degradation ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov av twb pom.

Koom Haum Niam txawv tiaj tsos, uas twb tsim mas nyob rau hauv Mesozoic. Niaj hnub nimno hom ntawm cheeb tsam mas yuav kis tau thaum lub sij hawm Quaternary lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv tus ntawm denudation dab uas tshwm sim los ntawm sawv ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev.

Txoj kev pob zeb pib raug tertiary saline hiav txwv txais av ya. Cov kev tiv thaiv cheeb tsam yog nyob rau ntawm qhov kev hloov los ntawm chernozem rau tsaus ntuj nti chestnut xau. Nyob rau hauv maj mam slopes thiab watersheds yuav tsim nruab nrab-calcareous xau.

Orenburg xwm zeem cia nyob rau hauv txawv steppe Talovskaya weakly tsim hydrography. Hav dej tes hauj lwm yog sawv cev heev dua lwm yam ib ntus watercourses. Nws yog ib lub headwaters ntawm cov dej ntws thiab Malaya Talovaya Sadomna, nyob rau hauv lub chaw uas zoo heev, lawv tsis muaj ib tug tsis tu ncua txaus. Tsis tas li ntawd muaj yog tsis muaj ces av.

Talovskaya steppe yog ib tug benchmark Zavolzhskaya-Ural steppes. Physical qauv cheeb tsam tsim syrt-plakor, undulating interfluvial thiab pem hav-hom girder.

Keeb kwm thiab archaeological monuments feem

Nyob rau lub teb chaws muaj yog ib tug faus pov toj, supposedly ntawm Sarmatian kab lis kev cai. Nws yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau sab qaum teb-western ciam ntawm lub site nyob rau theem ntawm 198,9 m. Qhov no yog ib tug tshwj xeeb archaeological nqi, uas muaj xws li cia "Orenburg".

Thawj coj ntawm lub tiv thaiv cheeb tsam

Kev txiav txim ntawm lub Minister of Natural Resources thiab Ecology ntawm lub teb chaws lub yim hli ntuj 19, 2013 tus thawj coj ntawm lub zeem cia muaj tau xws Rafil Talgatovna Bakirov. Qhov no yog ib qho loj specialist, PhD, coordinator ntawm lub UN steppe project ntawm lub regional theem, associate xib fwb, lub taub hau ntawm kev cai lij choj department ntawm lub zos Agricultural University, uas collaborates Reserve "Orenburg". Bakirov txawv sincere txaus siab rau txoj kev vam meej ntawm kev pab raws qib. Yog xam qhovkev professionalism thiab inexhaustible zog; li no tus tiv thaiv cheeb tsam yuav tsuas vam.

Orenburg State Reserve yog nyob rau hauv zoo ob txhais tes. Muaj tsis muaj tsis ntseeg cov professionalism thiab kev mob siab ntawm tus tshiab tus thawj coj. Nrog ua hauj lwm ua nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia muaj nyob rau hauv cov xov xwm. Lawv tseem ceeb lub ntuj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub steppe, tej txheej xwm, kev sib tw, publishing thiab advertising. Vim li no cov xwm zeem cia attracts ntau tourists.

excursion kev pab cuam

Thaum koj mus xyuas lub cim xwm khoom cov neeg tsis yog tau ntsib nrog tus cim tej yam kev mob ntawm qhov chaw tiv thaiv. Thaum lub sij hawm lub dawm, qhua yuav twb paub lawm cov fragility ntawm nws cov kev sib raug zoo, yooj yim destructible nyob rau hauv tus ntawm tus txiv neej.

Rau hnub tim, lub zeem cia yuav mus los ntawm plaub kev kawm ntawv thiab tuav excursion kev. Qhov no "Timeless ntiaj teb" Trans-Urals, Trans-Volga cheeb tsam, yav qab teb Urals, Urals.

tsiaj

Reserve "Orenburg" muaj ib tug fauna uas yog xam raug rau lub cheeb tsam nyob. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm lub nram qab no ntawm steppe tsiaj:

• Lun.
• Kestrel.
• Belladonna.
• Bustard.
• Lemming.
• Slepushonki thiab thiaj li nyob.

Orenburg Reserve, tsiaj txhu thiab nroj tsuag uas yog nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb kev tiv thaiv, kuj muaj ntau hom cov yam ntxwv ntawm deciduous hav zoov tsam. Qhov no nas European Hedgehog, badgers, lynx, kestrel, Tshuag-nquab, grouse, Scops Plas, ntoo nquab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib tug kev txuag cheeb tsam inhabited los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub semi-suab puam, nyob rau hauv particular, ntev-eared hedgehog, ib tug me me noog. Tej zaum kuj muaj yog ib tug kaj tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tundra hom - los daus plas.

Niaj hnub nimno cov tsiaj qus chaw uas zoo heev yog ntau haiv neeg thiab kuj nplua nuj. Ntawm no yog hais tsiaj - txog 48 hom, noog - 190 hom nabqa - 7 hom amphibians - 5 hom ntses - 6 hom, 1,000 hom kab. Orenburg Reserve, uas nws yees duab yog qhia hauv qab no, cov kev pab ntawm tag nrho cov ecosystem.

Rau tsiaj xws li cov xya hom carnivorous, 23 - nas 3 - puav 9 - predatory 4 - artiodactyla, 2 - lagomorphs. Hais txog 15 hom ntawm cov tsiaj yog ntau nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov qhov chaw ntawm lub tiv thaiv cheeb tsam. Ntawm lawv, marmots, av squirrels, voles, nas, lemming, birch nas, jerboa, hma liab, hma, luav, Badger, polecat, weasel, Korsak.

muaj

Reserve "Orenburg" muaj ntau tshaj 600 hom teej tug mus rau cov nroj tsuag ntiaj teb no. Qhov no xam yog hais txog 40% ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm muaj loj hlob tag nrho cov thoob lub teb. Cov lawv kuj zoo kawg luag hauj lwm zaus uas endangered. Nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv ntawm lub teb chaws txwv kom muab zais 23 hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Muaj ntau hom ntawm muaj nyob rau hauv ib lub txuag cheeb tsam, xa mus rau lub roob-steppe Petrophytes xws li kopeechnik serebrolistny, cloves Ural, astragalus Guelma, Silene Bashkir.

Reserve "Orenburg" muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb rau peb lub teb chaws. Nyob rau nws lub teb chaws twb tau khaws cia rau hauv lub cim ecological system ntawm lub steppe cheeb tsam upland ua hauj lwm. Nws yog ib lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv uas muaj yog tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab vim thiab kev nyuaj siab, lub nceeg vaj ntawm xwm thiab cov kev sib raug zoo, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tau khaws cia.