Raws li cov X-ray hlab ua hauj lwm?

X-rays yog generated los ntawm hloov lub zog ntawm cov electrons rau photons, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub X-ray raj. Kom muaj nuj nqis (raug) thiab zoo (spectrum) tawg yuav tau tom los hloov tus tam sim no, voltage thiab lub sij hawm ntawm lub twj paj nruag.

hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam

X-ray hlab (yees duab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) yog lub zog converters. Lawv tau txais nws los ntawm lub network thiab hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv lwm yam ntaub ntawv - tob tob tawg thiab kub, lub tom kawg yog ib undesirable byproduct. X-ray raj ntaus ntawv xws li hais tias nws maximizes tus zus tau tej cov photons thiab dissipates lub tshav kub sai li sai tau.

Lub raj yog ib tug yooj yim ntaus ntawv, feem ntau muaj ob theem pib ntsiab - ib tug cathode thiab ib tug anode. Thaum tam sim no ntws los ntawm cov cathode mus rau lub anode, lub electrons poob zog, uas ua rau yus lub cim ntawm X-rays.

anode

Lub anode yog ib feem, nyob rau lub emission ntawm high-zog photons ua. Qhov no yog ib tug kuj loj heev hlau caij uas yog kev cob cog rua rau lub zoo ncej ntawm qhov hluav taws xob Circuit Court. Nws muaj ob lub ntsiab functions:

• Nws converts tus electron zog rau hauv X-ray tawg,
• Nws dissipates tshav kub.

Cov khoom siv rau lub anode yog xaiv lug txhim khu cov kev khiav dej num.

Qhov tseeb tiag mas, feem ntau ntawm cov electrons yuav tsum tsim ib tug high-zog photons, es thaum tshav kub kub. Piv ntawm tag nrho cov zog, uas yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv X-tawg (COP) nyob rau ob yam tseem ceeb:

• atomic tooj (Z) ntawm lub anode khoom,
• electron zog.

Nyob rau hauv feem ntau x-ray hlab raws li ib tug khoom ntawm anode siv tungsten, uas nws atomic tus xov tooj yog sib npaug zos rau 74. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub loj Z, qhov no hlau muaj tej yam lwm yam ntxwv uas ua rau nws haum rau lub hom phiaj no. Tungsten yog txawv nyob rau hauv nws muaj peev xwm kom muaj lub dag lub zog thaum rhuab, muaj ib tug high melting point thiab ib tug tsawg evaporation tus nqi.

Rau ntau xyoo, tus anode yog ua los ntawm ntshiab tungsten. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, peb pib siv no hlau hlau nrog rhenium, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw. Self anode nyob rau hauv lub tungsten-rhenium txheej ua los ntawm lub teeb khoom, zoo thaum tshav kub kub-cia. Ob tug xws tshuaj yog molybdenum thiab graphite.

Cov X-ray raj siv rau mammography, yog ua nrog cov anode, coated nrog molybdenum. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj ib nrab atomic tooj (Z = 42), uas generates photons nrog cov yam ntxwv zog, haum rau cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv hauv siab. Ib txhia mammography pab kiag li lawm kuj muaj ib tug thib ob anode, tsim los ntawm rhodium (Z = 45). Qhov no ua rau nws ua tau rau kom lub zog thiab ua tau ntau dua allergic rau tuab ob lub mis.

Kev siv ntawm tungsten-rhenium hlau pab txoj kev lub sij hawm ntev tawg tso zis - nrog lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm zoo li nrog anode ua los ntawm ntshiab tungsten yog txo vim muaj thermal kev puas tsuaj mus rau qhov chaw.

Feem ntau ntawm cov anode muaj tus duab ntawm lub tapered discs thiab tsau mus rau lub cev muaj zog ncej, uas rotates lawv nyob siab kuj speeds thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub emission ntawm X-rays. Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev sib hloov - qhov kev tshem tawm los ntawm tshav kub.

focal chaw

Cov X-ray tiam ib feem tsis rau tag nrho cov anode. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug me me rau thaj tsam ntawm nws saum npoo - lub focal chaw. Qhov ntev kawg txiav txim siab loj ntawm lub electron nqaj los ntawm cov cathode. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm nws muaj ib lub zoo txawv tsis pub dhau 0.1-2 hli pab kiag li lawm.

Lub x-ray raj tsim nrog ib tug me me ntawm lub focal chaw. Tus me nws yog, qhov tsawg tsab ntawv tsa suab plooj thiab ntau dua sharpness, thiab yog dab tsi ntxiv, tus zoo dua thaum tshav kub kub dissipation.

Focal chaw loj yog ib qhov zoo tshaj uas yuav tsum raug xam tias yog thaum xaiv cov X-ray raj. Manufacturers tsim pab kiag li lawm nrog me me focal chaw, qhov twg nws yog tsim nyog mus cuag siab daws teeb meem thiab me me txaus tawg. Piv txwv li, nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm me me thiab ilv qhov chaw ntawm lub cev raws li nyob rau hauv mammography.

Cov X-ray raj mas tsim focal me ntsis nrog ob tug ntau thiab tsawg pab - loj thiab me me, uas yuav tsum tau xaiv los ntawm cov neeg teb xov tooj nyob rau hauv raws li cov duab txoj kev txheej txheem.

cathode

Lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm lub cathode - mus tsim electrons thiab sau lawv mus rau hauv ib tug beam raws kev coj kom lub anode. Nws feem ntau muaj ib tug me me kauv hlau (filament) kos nyob rau hauv ib lub khob zoo li tus so.

Electrons dhau los ntawm lub Circuit Court tau nquag tawm tus neeg xyuas pib thiab tawm ib tug dawb chaw. Txawm li cas los, lawv yuav ua li cas, yog hais tias lawv tau txaus lub zog. Nyob rau hauv ib tug txheej txheem lub npe hu ua thermal emission, lub tshav kub siv rau ntiab tawm lub electrons los ntawm cov cathode. Qhov no yuav tau thaum lub siab nyob rau hauv ib tug evacuated x-ray raj nce mus txog 10 ^-6 -10 ^-7 Torr. Art. Cov xov yog rhuab nyob rau hauv ib yam li ib tug kauv filament teeb los ntawm xeem dhau ib tug tam sim no therethrough. Ua hauj lwm cathode txoj sab ci raj yog nrog los ntawm cua sov mus rau ib tug kub luminescence xaav thermal zog therefrom lub electrons.

zais pa

Lub anode thiab cathode yog muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug kaw tsev nyob - lub tog raj kheej. Lub zais pa thiab nws cov txheem no feem ntau xa mus rau raws li ib tug insert, uas muaj ib tug tsawg lub neej thiab yuav tsum tau hloov. Lub x-ray raj feem ntau muaj ib tug iav teeb, txawm hais tias hlau thiab tej hub thooj voos kheej kheej siv rau ib co daim ntawv sau npe.

Lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi yog los pab txhawb lub ntim thiab kev rho tawm ntawm lub anode thiab cov cathode, thiab tswj lub tshuab nqus tsev. Lub siab nyob rau hauv lub evacuated x-ray raj ntawm 15 ° C yog 1.2 × 10 ^-3 Pa. Lub xub ntiag ntawm roj nyob rau hauv lub tank yuav cia hluav taws xob rau ntws los ntawm lub ntaus ntawv dawb do, tsis yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug electron nqaj.

tsev nyob

X-ray raj apparatus xws li hais tias, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub enclosure thiab kev pab txhawb nqa ntawm lwm yam, nws ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug tiv thaiv lub cev thiab absorbs cov tawg, tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb beam dhau los ntawm lub qhov rais. Nws kuj loj sab nraud nto dissipates feem ntau ntawm lub tshav kub generated nyob rau hauv lub ntaus ntawv. Qhov chaw ntawm lub plhaub thiab lub insert yog lawm ua tus sau nrog roj uas muab rwb thaiv tsev thiab cua txias nws.

saw

Cov hluav taws xob Circuit Court txuas lub xov tooj mus rau ib lub hwj chim qhov twg los, uas yog hu ua ib tug generator. Qhov twg los yog powered los ntawm lub network thiab converts tus alternating tam sim no rau cov nyiaj tso ncaj tam sim no. Cov generator kuj tso cai rau koj mus kho ib co tsis muaj lub saw:

• KV - voltage los yog hluav taws xob tej zaum;
• MA - tam sim no uas ntws los ntawm lub raj;
• S - ntev los yog tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv cov zauv feem ntawm ib tug thib ob.

Lub Circuit Court muab lub zog ntawm electrons. Lawv yuav tau them nrog lub zog, dhau los ntawm lub generator, thiab muab nws mus rau lub anode. Raws li lawv cov zog tshwm sim ob transformations:

• hluav taws xob tej zaum zog yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv kinetic zog;
• kev tig tau, nyob rau hauv lem, yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv X-ray tawg thiab kub.

tej zaum

Thaum lub electrons txog nyob rau hauv lub hwj, lawv muaj tej zaum hluav taws xob lub zog, uas yog txiav txim los ntawm tus nqi ntawm KV voltage ntawm lub anode thiab cov cathode. Cov X-ray raj twb ua nyob rau hauv ib tug voltage los ua kom muaj 1 KV uas txhua particle yuav tsum muaj 1 txoj kev. By kho cov KV, qhov tooj muab txhua electron yog ib qhov nqi ntawm lub zog.

kinetics

Tsis tshua muaj siab nyob rau hauv ib tug evacuated x-ray raj (15 ° C nws yog 10 ^-6 -10 ^-7 Torr. V.) Tso cai rau tus hais nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm emission thiab thermionic hluav taws xob quab yuam tawm txim liab los ntawm lub cathode mus rau lub anode. Qhov no quab yuam accelerates lawv, ua rau muaj zog ceev thiab kinetic zog thiab tej zaum descending. Thaum ib tug particle av nyob rau lub anode, nws lub peev xwm yog poob, thiab tag nrho cov ntawm nws lub zog yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv kinetic zog. 100-Txoj Kev Hlub electron nce mus txog ib tug ceev ntau dua tshaj ib nrab teeb ceev. Tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub particle yog slowing down heev sai sai thiab poob lawv cov kinetic zog. Nws puv X-rays los yog thaum tshav kub kub.

Electrons tuaj mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog tus neeg atoms ntawm cov anode khoom. Tawg generated los ntawm lawv cov kev sis raug zoo nrog orbitals (X-ray photons), thiab muaj ib cov tub ntxhais (bremsstrahlung).

losis tswvyim dabtsi zog

Txhua electron nyob rau hauv ib tug atom muaj ib tug tej yam losis tswvyim dabtsi zog, uas yog nyob rau ntawm qhov luaj li cas ntawm lub yav tas thiab lub theem ntawm uas cov particle nyob. Lub losis tswvyim dabtsi zog plays ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub cim ntawm tus yam ntxwv X-rays thiab yog yuav tsum tau mus tshem tawm ib tug electron los ntawm ib tug atom.

bremsstrahlung

Bremsstrahlung ua tus loj tshaj xov tooj ntawm photons. Lub electrons txeem mus rau hauv lub anode cov ntaub ntawv thiab txuas rau nyob ze rau qhov nucleus, deflected thiab decelerated gravitational quab yuam atom. Lawv lub zog poob thaum lub sij hawm no lub rooj sib tham zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov X-ray photon.

ntau yam ntawm

Tsuas yog ib tug ob peb photons muaj ib tug muaj zog nyob ze rau qhov electron zog. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog tsawg dua. Xav hais tias hais tias muaj yog ib qhov chaw los yog teb lwm tus cov tub ntxhais, nyob rau lub electrons kev quab yuam "inhibition." Daim teb no yuav tau muab faib mus rau hauv aav. Qhov no muab ib tug saib ntawm lub teb tub ntxhais ntawm lub hom phiaj atom nyob rau hauv lub center. Hauv ntog nyob qhov twg nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj yog decelerated thiab generates ib tug X-ray photon. Hais tias lub caij nplooj zeeg ze rau qhov chaw, feem ntau yog raug thiab yog li ntawd tsis tau tshaj zog, ua heev-zog photons. Electrons nkag mus rau hauv lub txheej tsam muaj ib tsis muaj zog sis thiab tsim photons ntawm sab zog. Txawm hais tias cheeb tsam muaj tib lub dav, hais tias lawv muaj ib tug txawv cheeb tsam nyob rau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub nucleus. Txij li thaum lub xov tooj ntawm hais teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam, nyob ntawm nws tag nrho cheeb tsam, nws yog pom tseeb tias lwm cheeb tsam ntes ntau electrons thiab ua rau ntau photons. zog X-ray spectrum yuav kwv yees los ntawm cov qauv no.

E _max photons ntsiab bremsstrahlung spectrum coj mus rau E _max electrons. Hauv qab no no tus taw tes, nrog zuj zus lawm photon zog tsub kom lawv muaj pes tsawg.

Ib tug xov tooj tseem ceeb ntawm photons ntawm tsis muaj zog absorbed los yog lim, raws li lawv tau sim rau kis tau los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub anode raj los yog lub thawv lim. Filtering yog feem ntau nyob rau ntawm lub nyob tus yeees thiab thickness ntawm cov khoom los ntawm kev uas lub beam kis, thiab qhov no txiav txim zaum kawg hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov uas tsis muaj-zog spectrum nkhaus.

cawv KV

Cov high-zog ib feem ntawm lub spectrum txiav txim seb tus voltage x-ray hlab nyob rau hauv kV (kilovolt). Qhov no yog vim hais tias nws txiav txim lub zog ntawm electrons xeeb anode, thiab photons yuav tsis muaj lub peev xwm siab tshaj qhov no. Nyob rau hauv tej voltage khiav X-ray raj? Qhov siab tshaj plaws photon zog sau raws nkaus Ii lub siab tshaj plaws thov tej zaum. Qhov no voltage tej zaum yuav txawv thaum lub sij hawm raug vim yog lub alternating tam sim no network. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, E _max ncov voltage txiav txim los ntawm photon oscillation lub sij hawm KV _p.

Ntxiv tej zaum quanta, KV _p txiav txim seb tus nqi ntawm hluav taws xob generated los ntawm ib tug zauv ntawm electrons xeeb anode. Txij li thaum tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm zoo ntawm bremsstrahlung tawg yog nce los ntawm qhov teeb meem electron zog nce, uas yog txiav txim KV _p, qhov no implies hais tias cov KV _p muaj feem xyuam rau cov efficiency ntawm tus dais.

Hloov KV _p, feem ntau hloov lub spectrum. Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub zog nkhaus nruab nrab yog cov xov tooj ntawm photons. Unfiltered spectrum yog ib tug daim duab peb sab, thiab tus nqi ntawm hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv kev faib ua feem rau cov square KV. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lub lim kuj yuav tsub kom KV nce allergic ntawm photons, uas thiaj li muaj qhov feem pua ntawm cov lim tawg. Qhov no ua rau muaj zog tawg tawm los.

yam ntxwv tawg

Lub hom kev sis raug zoo uas generates tus yam ntxwv tawg comprises high-ceev kev sib tsoo nrog orbital electrons. Sis tsuas nqa tau qhov chaw thaum ib feem E ntawm _lub particle muaj ntau dua qhov ruaj zog ntawm ib tug atom. Thaum tus mob no yog tau ntsib, thiab muaj ib tug kev sib tsoo, tus electron yog khob qhov rooj tawm. Qhov yoojyim qhib txoj hauj lwm, sau los ntawm cov particle ib tug ntau dua lub zog theem. Raws li peb tsiv mus nyob rau electron muab lub zog tawm txim liab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov X-ray photon. Nws yog hu ua tus yam ntxwv tawg, vim E yog lub photon yam ntxwv tshuaj caij uas los ntawm tus anode yog ua. Piv txwv li, thaum ib tug electron yog khob qhov rooj K tungsten txheej _{kev twb kev txuas} nrog E = 69,5 Kev, qhov chaw uas muaj cov ib tug electron los ntawm cov L-theem _{kev sib txuas lus} nrog E = 10.2 Txoj Kev Hlub. Yam ntxwv X-ray photon muaj zog sib npaug zos rau qhov txawv nruab nrab ntawm ob theem, los yog 59.3 Txoj Kev Hlub.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub anode khoom ua rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov yam ntxwv X-ray energies. Qhov no tshwm sim vim hais tias electrons nyob rau ntau lub zog ntau ntau (K, L, thiab lwm yam) yuav tau khob qhov rooj bombarding hais thiab lub txhob yuav tsum tau sau nrog ib tug ntau yam ntawm lub zog ntau. Thaum lub txhob L-theem generates photons thiab lawv energies yog heev me me rau kev siv nyob rau hauv diagnostic imaging. Txhua yam ntxwv zog yog muab ib tug los uas qhia cov orbital, nyob rau ib vacancy, nrog ib tug Performance index uas qhia tau hais tias ib tug electron qhov yuav tsum tau. alpha (α) qhia lub Performance index ntawm sau electron los ntawm L-theem, thiab beta (β) qhia cov filling theem ntawm M los yog N.

• Spectrum tungsten. Cov yam ntxwv tawg ntawm cov hlau ua ib tug linear spectrum muaj ob peb discrete energies thiab braking generates nruam tis. Tus nab npawb ntawm photons tsim los ntawm txhua yam ntxwv zog, yus nyob rau hauv uas qhov tshwm sim rau sau tus vacancy K-theem nyob rau hauv lub orbital.
• Spectrum molybdenum. Anodes ntawm no hlau siv rau mammography, tsim ob sufficiently khaus yam ntxwv x-ray lub zog: K-alpha ntawm 17,9 Kev thiab lub K-beta ntawm 19,5 Kev. Lub zoo ntau yam ntawm X-ray hlab, uas tso cai rau mus cuag qhov zoo tshaj plaws nqi koj tshuav ntawm ib thiab irradiation koob tshuaj rau qhov nruab nrab ob lub mis loj tau ntawm E _p = 20 Kev. Txawm li cas los Bremsstrahlung tsim ntau zog. Nyob rau hauv mammography khoom rau tshem pliaj qhov chaw ntawm lub spectrum siv molybdenum lim. Lub lim ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm «K-ntug." Nws absorbs tawg nyob rau hauv excess electron losis tswvyim dabtsi zog ntawm lub K-theem molybdenum atom.
• Lub spectrum ntawm rhodium. Rhodium muaj atomic tooj 45, thiab molybdenum - 42. Yog li ntawd, tus yam ntxwv X-rays ntawm ib tug rhodium anode yuav muaj ib tug me ntsis ntau dua lub zog tshaj hais tias ntawm molybdenum thiab ntau penetrating. Nws yog siv rau duab tuab ob lub mis.

Anodes nrog ob nto chaw, molybdenum, rhodium, pab kom cov neeg teb xov tooj mus xaiv ib lub tsev optimized rau ob lub mis ntawm txawv loj thiab ceev.

Cov nyhuv rau lub spectrum KV

KV nqi heev muaj feem xyuam rau tus yam ntxwv tawg, piv txwv li. K. Nws yuav tsis tau ua yog tias tsawg KV K-zog electrons. Thaum KV tshaj no pib tus nqi, tus nqi ntawm hluav taws xob yog feem ntau xwm yeem mus rau qhov sib txawv thiab cov pib KV raj KV.

Lub zog spectrum ntawm photons ntawm X-ray beam tawm txim liab los ntawm lub ntaus ntawv yog txiav txim los ntawm ob peb yam tseem ceeb. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws muaj bremsstrahlung thiab tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev sis raug zoo.

Tus txheeb ze muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub spectrum nyob rau hauv lub anode khoom, KV thiab lim. Nyob rau hauv ib tug raj nrog ib tug tungsten anode emission yam ntxwv yog tsis tsim ntawm KV <69,5 Kev. Thaum dua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm HF siv nyob rau hauv diagnostic kev tshawb fawb, yam ntxwv tawg tsub kom tag nrho cov tawg rau 25%. Lub molybdenum pab kiag li lawm tej zaum nws yuav mus txog ib tug loj feem ntawm tag nrho cov generating muaj peev xwm.

efficiency

Tsuas yog ib tug me me ib feem ntawm lub zog tauj los ntawm tus electrons yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv tawg. Lub ntsiab feem yog absorbed thiab hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv tshav kub. tawg efficiency txhais tias yog cov feem ntawm tag nrho cov faib hwj chim los ntawm cov kev hluav taws xob imparted anode. Cov yam uas txiav txim seb lub efficiency ntawm lub X-ray raj yog siv voltage KV thiab atomic tooj Z. Lub approximate piv ntawm cov nram qab no:

• Efficiency = KV x Z x 10 ^-6.

Cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm efficiency thiab KV muaj ib tug meej ntxim rau cov kev siv tswv yim ntawm X-ray khoom. Vim lub tshav kub tiam ntawm lub raj muaj ib tug txwv rau tus xov tooj ntawm hluav taws xob hwj chim hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm dissipate. Nws nyem ua rau lub peev xwm ntawm lub ntaus ntawv txwv. Nrog ua KV, txawm li cas los, tus nqi ntawm hluav taws xob ua los ntawm ib tug ntawm tshav kub ho tsub kom.

Lub dependence ntawm cov efficiency ntawm tus X-ray tiam rau nyob tus yeees ntawm cov anode yog tsuas ntawm kev kawm ntawv txaus siab vim hais tias feem ntau pab kiag li lawm siv tungsten. Tsuas yog ib tug yog molybdenum thiab rhodium, siv nyob rau hauv lub mammogram. Efficiency ntawm cov pab kiag li lawm yog ho qis rau tungsten vim hais tias ntawm lawv cov sab atomic tooj.

cov hauj lwm zoo

Efficiency X-ray raj yog txhais raws li tus nqi ntawm cov irradiation millirentgenah tauj mus rau ib tug taw tes nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub pab beam ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 1 m los ntawm lub focal chaw rau txhua 1 Ntau electrons dhau los ntawm lub ntaus ntawv. Nws tus nqi nruab nrab yog cov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov ntaus ntawv mus rau hloov lub zog ntawm cov them hais nyob rau hauv lub X-ray tawg. Nws tso cai rau koj los mus txiav txim rau kis ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab cov snapshot. Raws li efficiency, efficiency ntawm tus dais nyob rau hauv ob peb yam tseem ceeb, xws li KV, lub voltage yoj daim ntawv no, lub anode cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm qhov chaw puas tsuaj rau lub lim ntaus ntawv thiab lub sij hawm ntawm kev siv.

KV-tswj

Voltage KV X-ray raj zoo ntawm lwm yam uas cov qhov tso zis tawg. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws yog lam xav hais tias cov zis yog xwm yeem mus rau square ntawm lub KV. Doubling KV raug tsub kom 4 lub sij hawm.

waveform

Lub waveform qhia txog cov los ntawm txoj kev uas KV nws txawv nrog rau lub sij hawm thaum lub sij hawm tiam ntawm hluav taws xob vim lub cyclic xwm ntawm lub hwj chim. Siv ntau ntau yam waveforms. Cov kev kuj yog: lub me qhov kev hloov nyob rau hauv tus duab KV, lub X-ray tawg yog ua zoo. Cov niaj hnub khoom siv generators nrog kuj qhov KV.

X-ray hlab: Manufacturers

Oxford seev tuam txhab manufactures ntau yam pab kiag li lawm, xws li iav, lub hwj chim rau 250 W, 4-80 kV tej zaum, lub focal chaw 10 microns thiab ib tug ntau ntawm cov anode cov ntaub ntawv, t. H. Ag, Au, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mo, Pls, v, Ti, W.

Varian muaj dua 400 ntau hom kev kho mob thiab muaj X-ray hlab. Lwm yam paub producers yog Dunlee, GE, Philips, Shimadzu, Siemens, Toshiba, IAE, Hangzhou Wandong, Kailong li al.

Nyob rau hauv Russia ua X-ray hlab "Svetlana-Roentgen". Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus tsoos pab kiag li lawm nrog YAM thiab nyob ruaj ruaj anode lub tuam txhab manufactures pab kiag li lawm ntawm tus mob khaub thuas cathode luminous flux tswj. Cov kev pab cuam ntawm lub nram qab no:

• ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug tas mus li thiab mem tes hom;
• tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm inertia;
• regulating cov kev siv ntawm cov LED tam sim no;
• spectrum purity;
• tau X-ray tawg ntawm qhov ntau siv.