X-tawg

X-rays, los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm physics, yog electromagnetic tawg, uas nws wavelength txawv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm 0,001 rau 50 nanometers. Nws twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1895 los ntawm tus German physicist V.K.Rentgenom.

Los ntawm cov xwm, cov rays yog hais txog solar ultraviolet tawg. Nyob rau hauv lub spectrum ntawm lub hnub ci hluav taws xob coos xov tooj cua tsis yog. Tom qab lawv yog ib tug infrared lub teeb uas peb lub qhov muag tsis pom, tab sis peb xav tias nws li thaum tshav kub kub. Tom ntej no tuaj rau rays los ntawm liab los violet. Ces - UV (A, B thiab C). Thiab txoj cai tom qab nws tus X-rays thiab gamma rays.

X- tawg (X-rays) yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev: thaum braking nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm them hais thiab electrons nyob rau hauv txoj kev hloov los ntawm ntau dua khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm lub sab hauv nrog qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lub zog dhau therethrough.

Tsis zoo li pom lub teeb, cov rays muaj ib tug heev loj ntev, li ntawd, yuav tau mus txeem opaque cov ntaub ntawv, tsis tau reflected, refracted, thiab tsis yog tsis muaj accumulating nyob rau hauv lawv.

Bremsstrahlung tau yooj yim. Them hais thaum lub sij hawm braking emit electromagnetic tawg. Qhov ntau dua qhov acceleration ntawm tus hais thiab ua li no sharper braking, ntau dua qhov lub generated x-ray tawg thiab nws wavelength yuav me me. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob nyob rau hauv kev xyaum recourse mus rau hluav taws xob tiam thaum lub sij hawm deceleration ntawm electrons nyob rau hauv khib nyiab. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los tswj lub chaw ntawm cov tawg, tsis txhob phom sij ntawm hluav taws xob kis vim hais tias X-rays ploj kiag li thaum lub hwj chim yog muab tua.

Feem ntau qhov chaw ntawm xws tawg - X-ray raj. Nws tawm txim liab tawg yog tsis niaj hnub. Nws yog tam sim no thiab mos mos (ntev yoj) thiab txhav (luv luv-yoj) tawg. Mos yog yus muaj los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias yog kiag li absorbed los ntawm tib neeg lub cev, ces nws yog tus X-ray tawg puas tsuaj theem ob zaug kom ntau li ntau tshaj tawv. Thaum ntev electromagnetic irradiation nyob rau hauv tib neeg ntaub so ntswg ionization yuav ua kev puas hlwb thiab DNA.

Tube - ib lub tshuab nqus raj nrog ob tug electrodes - tsis zoo cathode thiab qhov zoo anode. Thaum cua sov ntawm lub cathode qhuav therefrom electrons, ces lawv ceev nyob rau hauv ib tug hluav taws xob field. Ntsib nrog cov khoom anodes, lawv pib inhibition uas yog nrog los ntawm cov emission ntawm electromagnetic tawg.

X-tawg uas nws zog yog lug siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, yog raws li nyob rau hauv muab ib tug duab ntxoov ntxoo duab ntawm lub xeem yam khoom rau ib tug rhiab screen. Yog hais tias paub hais tias lub cev ci ib tug beam ntawm thaum uas tig mus sab, lub projection ntawm tus duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm uas lub cev yuav kis tau tsis muaj distortion (proportionally). Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, cov tawg qhov chaw yog ntau zoo li ib tug taw tes, li ntawd nws yog nyob rau ntawm ib tug deb ntawm tus txiv neej thiab los ntawm qhov screen.

Yog xav tau ib tug X-ray, ib tug neeg yog muab tso rau ntawm lub X-ray raj thiab lub screen los yog zaj duab xis, kuj ua tawg detectors. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm irradiation nyob rau hauv daim duab pob txha thiab lwm yam tuab cov ntaub so ntswg yog manifested nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhia tau meej heev ntxoov ntxoo saib ntau zoo tiv thaiv cov keeb kwm yav dhau tsawg qhia qhov chaw uas qhia cov ntaub so ntswg uas muaj tsawg haum. Nyob rau X-rays ib tug neeg ua ib tug "semi-pob tshab".

Kis, X-rays yuav tawg khiav ri niab thiab absorbed. Ua ntej haum rays yuav kis tau pua pua ntawm meters nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Nyob rau hauv lub tuab teeb meem nws yog absorbed sai npaum li cas. Lom tib neeg ntaub so ntswg yog ua kev, yog li qhov haum ntawm lub rays nyob rau cov kev ceev ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg lub cev. Pob Txha cov ntaub so ntswg absorbs rays sai dua cov nqaij mos mos, vim hais tias nws muaj ib yam khoom uas muaj ib tug siab atomic xov tooj. Photons (tib particle ray) yog absorbed los ntawm txawv nqaij ntawm tus tib neeg lub cev nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, uas ua rau nws tau mus nrhiav tau ib tug zoo ib cov duab los ntawm X-rays.