Qhov zoo tshaj plaws paintings Dzhotto Di Bondone thiab lawv piav qhia

Lo lus hais tias yuav xaiv tej hauj lwm ntawm tus poj Italian neeg pleev kob Giotto di Bondone - nws kab ntawm lub kws sau paj lug Arseniya Tarkovskogo:

Kuv yog ib tug txiv neej, Kuv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no,

Rau kuv myriads ntawm infusoria,

Ua ntej kuv ib tug myriad ntawm cov hnub qub.

Kuv mus rau nws tag nrho qhov siab ntawm lawv -

Ob lub tsev txhab nyiaj phau ntawv hiav txwv,

Ob qhov chaw txuas nrog los ntawm ib tug choj.

Cov lus piav qhia txog tsis tsuas cov txawj sau ntawv, tab sis kuj rau tag nrho cov sij hawm nyob rau hauv uas nws nyob. Paintings los ntawm Giotto thiab yog tib yam choj uas kev cob cog rua lub ob ua sawv nyob rau hauv kos duab rau ntawm painting.

Qhov tus tsim ntawm niaj hnub painting

Giotto nyob hauv lub lem ntawm ob centuries - 13th thiab 14th. Raws nraim rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm nws lub neej coj qhov chaw nyob rau lub sij hawm no, thiab qhov no era nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no kab lis kev cai yog hu ua tus era ntawm Dante thiab Giotto. Lawv contemporaries.

Philosopher Merab Mamardashvili txog lub paintings los ntawm Giotto ib zaug hais tias: "Giotto twb tso tawm nyob rau hauv lub transcendental xoom". Qhov no txoj kab lus nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm ua ntau yam luag. Tiam sis yog tias koj xav txog nws, los yog es tag nrho cov tib tsis tau hais tias. Tom qab Giotto li ib tug artist pib los ntawm kev kos.

Saib cov feem ntau nto moo paintings ntawm Giotto. Yuav ua li cas nws ua li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub arts, uas nws npaj siab mus rau lub kos duab, tsis muaj ib tug ua ntej nws tau puas tau ua. Nws pib los ntawm kos, thiab tej zaum, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim, txhua tus txiv neej cov ntse heev mus rau hauv transcendental zero. Michelangelo, Pol Sezann thiab Kazimir Malevich tau ua. Lawv pib los ntawm thaum pib, los ntawm kos. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim, thiab Giotto mus txog lub transcendent zero. Vim hais tias ntawm nws yuav tau hais heev calmly thiab confidently: nws pib nrog Giotto Bondone niaj hnub European painting.

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws tsim yaam tshab

Yuav ua li cas peb paub paintings los ntawm Giotto? Qhov no yog qhov "adoration ntawm lub Magi", "Kev nthuav qhia nyob rau hauv lub Tuam Tsev", "Lub Entombment", "Blessing Anna," "Tus raug ntsia saum ntoo", "Lub Miracle ntawm lub hauv paus." Giotto di Bondone paintings thiab murals rau lub tsev teev ntuj sau Del Arena nyob rau hauv Padua, rau lub koom txoos nyob rau hauv Florence thiab Assisi. Nws nyeem tau tsis tau meej pem nrog cov style ntawm lwm yam nyuab. Hauj lwm ntawm lub paintings los ntawm Giotto - ib tug retrospective ntawm lub Moo Zoo zaj lus piv txwv. Nws tshuav peb cov dluab ntawm Christian ntseeg, xws li St. Francis kev sib txuas lus. Lawrence, kev sib txuas lus. Stephen, John Bogoslov li al.

Giotto lub paintings nrog lub npe nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus Padua, Florence, thiab cov Vatican yog nyob rau hauv lub catalog ntawm tus sau los ntawm tej puas raws li lub Jacquemart-André thiab lub Louvre nyob rau hauv Fabkis, nyob rau hauv lub National Gallery ntawm Kos duab nyob rau hauv Washington thiab Raleigh (University of North Carolina), nyob rau hauv Paris, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab nyob rau hauv lub UK .

Ua ntej nws yog ib tug icon, los yog Byzantine kos duab saws nyob rau hauv cov European lub ntiaj teb no. Paintings Dzhotto Di Bondone nrog lub npe ntawm biblical kawm hais lus rau lawv tus kheej. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog lub icon. Qhov no yog tus naas ej "Madonna ntawm Ognissanti", tsis muaj tsev nyob rau hauv lub Uffizi, thiab cov painting ntawm Giotto "Davhlau rau hauv Egypt".

Muab biblical cim corporeality

Biographer ntawm Italian ntxias Dzhordzho Vazari qhia rau peb cov dab neeg uas muaj nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm uas, yog ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm Giotto, Cimabue artist. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej tom ntej no mus rau lub Uffizi dai ob paintings, ob tug ntawm Madonna - Madonna Madonna Cimabue thiab Giotto.

Thaum koj saib ob tug Madonnas thiab muab piv rau lawv, txawm hais tias koj tsis paub dab tsi txog daim duab, koj yuav pom qhov txawv tsis tsuas yog ntawm ob tug ntxias, tab sis kuj ntawm lub ob eras, nruab nrab ntawm ob tug sib txawv heev hauv paus ntsiab lus. Koj pom tus tsis txawv. Koj to taub tias lawv yog nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv kiag li xaav ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Cimabue paintings unusually refined, elegant, nws yuav tau hais tias nws yog - tsis yog tus artist Byzantine, medieval thiab gothic. Nws disembodied Madonna, amazingly zoo nkauj, zoo nkauj. Ntev ntiv tes, ntev caj npab tsis txhob cia tus me nyuam, thiab ua ib tug kos npe rau hais tias lawv nyob nraum ua kom nws. Nws lub ntsej muag qhia dhau nyob rau hauv Byzantine painting oriental canon nqaim lub ntsej muag, ob lub qhov muag ntev, ib tug nyias lub qhov ntswg, kev tu siab nyob rau hauv nws ob lub qhov muag. Qhov no tiaj ethereal canonical zwj ceeb painting icons fim. Tsis yog ib tug neeg, tsis yog lub hom cwm pwm thiab lub ntsej muag.

Ib tug dai tom ntej no mus rau lub icon, los yog, hais tias, muaj ib daim duab ntawm Giotto. Nyob rau lub zwm txwv, inlaid, zoo nkauj zwm txwv, nyob rau hauv ib tug style uas xwb ces twb dhau lawm, tsuas los ua cob xub. Qhov no inlaid marble. Poj niam sits broad-shouldered, muaj zog, cov tub ntxhais, ib tug ntsej mua nce ntshav tag nrho sab plhu. Nrees tuav tes me nyuam. Zoo nkauj lub tsho dawb. Lub cev qhia txog nws lub hwj chim. Thiab nws calmly saib peb. Nyob rau hauv nws lub ntsej muag yog tsis muaj kev txom nyem. Nws yog tag nrho ntawm siab tib neeg meej mom thiab kev thaj yeeb. Qhov no yog tsis Madonna, tsis yog ib qho icon ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb. Nws Madonna nyob rau hauv lub Italian tom qab kev txiav txim zoo thiab to taub txog qhov no. Qhov ntawd yog nws, thiab Mary, thiab ib tug zoo poj niam.

Peb yuav hais tau tias nws ua dab tsi Giotto painting, khaws cia nyob rau hauv European kos duab rau impressionism. Nws Giotto tsim dab tsi nyob rau hauv niaj hnub lus no yog hu ua muaj pes tsawg leeg. Yuav ua li cas yog muaj pes tsawg leeg? Qhov no yog yuav ua li cas lub artist pom cov zajlus, raws li nws raws li nws xav txog. Nws plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug tim khawv, tog cov txheej xwm. Nws tsim lub illusion tus neeg ntawd yog muaj.

Cov tswv cuab ntawm cov zajlus txiav txim

Qhov ntawd yog qhov artist nws tus kheej yog ib tug txawj sau ntawv, thawj coj thiab cov actor ntawm nws paintings. Nws creation - yog ib yam ntawm cov ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv uas lub lam ua thiab qhia tej lam nws - lub artist. "Kuv yog muaj! Lo lus muab, kuv yog tam sim no, thiab hais tias yog muaj tseeb, "- hais tias nws tsim yaam tshab yuav luag Giotto. Zoo, yog nws conceivable rau lub medieval lub siab no thov!

Giotto tshwm rau peb tus neeg uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau li cas nws sau. Thiab nws paintings, xws li "hnia ntawm Yudas" thiab "Lub davhlau mus rau hauv Egypt" - qhov no mural, sau los ntawm ib tug tim khawv rau qhov kev txiav txim.

Fresco pleev xim rau los ntawm cov artist

Nyob ib ncig ntawm 1303 Giotto yog ib tug zoo kawg li kev - thiaj li yuav xim ib tug me me lub tsev teev ntuj, uas ua tau nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Padua nyob rau hauv lub Roman Arena. Biographer ntawm Giotto, los yog es, ib tug ntawm nws biographers Dzhordzho Vazari yoojyim heev nthuav lus qhia. Nws hais tias Giotto Padua tuaj pleev xim lub tsev teev ntuj ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm ua ntej ntawm nws lub tuam txhab, uas yog, comrades. Nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li nyob rau hauv cov Nrab Hnub nyoog Andrei Rublev nws sau tus khub, cia li raws li nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj twb pleev xim rau los ntawm ib tug artist nrog ib tug lub npe, comrades, uas yog, nrog nws artistic brigade. "Hnia ntawm Yudas" - lub mural, uas nws tau sau nws tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntxim yuav zoo siv, qhov no yog ib tug ntawm ob peb nws kiag li tej hauj lwm ntawm authorship li "Trinity" Rublev, thiab nws yeej siab qhia tus kheej ntawm Giotto.

"Hnia ntawm Yudas": piav qhia ntawm daim duab

Thiab thaum peb saib cov mural "Lub hnia ntawm Yudas", ces tam sim ntawd xaiv lub qhov muag ntawm tus muaj pes tsawg leeg center. Thaum lub chaw, lub ntsiab ua txoj xwm txheej tshwm sim. Peb pom yuav ua li cas Yudas embracing Khetos, absorbs nws. Thiab cov ob cov nuj nqis - central. Peb yuav pom nyob rau hauv txoj cai, raws li cov pov thawj hlob nkag mus hauv lub tuam tsev nyob rau hauv lub nroog Yeluxalees. Nws yog taw tes rau Khetos. Thiab nyob rau sab laug peb pom tus Thwj Tim Petus, uas tab sis yog tsis kam muab peb lub sij hawm ua ntej tus qaib txawm qua peb lub sij hawm, tab sis tseem rub tawm ib tug cij riam thiab txiav tawm lawv cov pob ntseg. Peb pom nws nrog no riam cuam tiv thaiv Judah, tab sis nws txoj kev tau sim los ntawm ib pawg neeg, thiab yog hais tias peb ua raws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm ob txhais tes ntawm cov pov thawj hlob thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov riam, peb pom tias tus kab los sib rau lub cloak ntawm Yudas, cia li rau lawv cov ntsej muag. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav hais tias qhov chaw ntawm lub muaj pes tsawg leeg yog tsis txawm ob daim koom ua ke, thiab ob lub ntsej muag. Hais tias yog, los ntawm no taw tes yog nthuav kom nyeem no muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Zog thiab siv

Ib txwm nyob rau Giotto hais nrog ib tug tej irony: "Yuav ua li cas qhib Giotto?". Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv "Amarcord" Fellini, thaum lub tsev kawm ntawv tus kws qhia ntawv nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm nug uas tsim los ntawm Giotto, cov menyuam kawm ntawv tau qw nyob rau hauv unison: "Txoj kev npaj k". Nws yog heev funny. Tom qab tag nrho, tsis muaj foundations ntawm Giotto tsis tsim. Qhov no yog ib qho tsis yog daim ntawv qhia. Nws tsis tau tsim lub zeem muag thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm hauv daim duab, qhov chaw yog yuav tsum tau to taub qhov kev txiav txim unfolding ua ntej cov neeg tuaj saib.

Noj ib tug saib lub mural "Lub hnia ntawm Yudas". Muaj ib tug tib neeg coob ntawm cov neeg. Thiab cov neeg coob coob tuaj nyob rau hauv lub hmo ntuj. Nyob rau qhov tsaus ntuj nti ntuj torches, hlawv txoj cai thiab sab laug. Koj xav tias lub zog tiv thaiv lub ntuj. Nyob rau qhov tsaus ntuj nti ntuj lub teeb, taws ywj faj ywj fwm, koj xav tias lub excitement thiab cov electrification ntawm cov neeg coob coob. Yuav ua li cas yog nthuav nyob rau hauv cov neeg coob coob? Lub fact tias nws tsis yog tsis muaj ab tsi. Nyob rau hauv no neeg coob coob, yog koj saib kom zoo zoo, tsim yuav luag txhua txhua tus neeg. Muaj yog cia li zoo kawg kis xeev.

Mnogovremonnost

Giotto yog thawj tab sis kuj lub xeem. Nws, lawv hais tias, tsis tsuas teem, tab sis kuj txiav txim siab mus rau ib tug loj loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov teeb meem, tsis yog tsim ib tug song, "Kuv, Giotto, qhov kev txiav txim ua txoj saib li: ntawm no yog kuv cim, ntawm no yog kuv hu nkauj ua ke," thiab thaum ua hauj lwm yog psychologically thaum nws ntau qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv ib tug ua mnogovremonnost.

Txhua yam ntawm nws murals yog ib tug zoo surprise, thiab txawm bewilderment. Yuav ua li cas ib tug neeg yuav rau ib tug lub neej tsis muaj precedents, raws li lawv hais tias, mus rau xoom transcendent, tsim los ntawm kos ib tug niaj hnub European kos duab, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg raws li ib tug ib ntus txiav txim raws li ib tug causal kev sib raug zoo, ntub txaus lub sij hawm poob kis thiab ib tug heev loj tus naj npawb ntawm puas siab puas ntsws ntxoov?

xaus

Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, peb muaj ntau los yog tsawg dua ncauj lus kom ntxaws lub tsuas yog ob tug paintings los ntawm Giotto npe hu ua "Yudas hnia" thiab "Madonna ntawm Ognissanti." Wizard, koj yuav qhuas cov infinite. Lawv muaj peev xwm saib rau cov sij hawm, tab sis ib tug lub neej yog tsis txaus los tham txog tag nrho cov hauj lwm ntawm Giotto di Bondone, uas nws paintings raug muaj nuj nqis los ntawm lub sij hawm, thiab tseem nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv - lub loj tshaj creation ntawm cov artist thiab tus txiv neej pib los ntawm kev kos.