Qhov chaw ntawm phraseology. Kev siv cov phraseology nyob rau hauv hais lus

Lavxias teb sab lus yog ib tug ntawm cov richest thiab feem ntau qhia nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no vim hais tias ntawm lub nplua mais ntawm kev paub qhia lo txhais tau tias. Phraseology - seem lug, nyob rau kawm lexically indivisible ua ke ntawm cov lo lus, hu ua tshwj xeeb phraseological units. Nrog kev pab los ntawm lawv nws yuav zoo nkauj tshaj.

Dab tsi "nruas"? Lub ntsiab lus

Txhua tus neeg siv cov catch kab lus nyob rau hauv nws kev hais lus, txhob txwm tshaj tawm los yog looj hlias, muab nws lub siab lub ntsws. Tsis yog txhua tus paub lub hauv paus pib ntawm phraseology thiab dab tsi lawv yog cov sib txawv kab zauv. Yuav kom nkag siab txog cov muaj nuj nqi ntawm winged nqe lus thiab tsis txhob xav yuam kev rau lawv nrog rau lwm cov chav nyob ntawm kev hais lus, nws yog tsim nyog los paub lawv cov yam ntxwv.

1. lus nruas yeej ib txwm nyuab nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas yog li ntawm ob los yog ntau tshaj lo lus.

2. Muaj undifferentiated nqi. Nruas tsis tau sib cais, tiam sis yuav tsum qhia nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus-txhais. Piv txwv li, cov kab lus "chim yob" yog siv los txhais hais tias "txhob txwm liam ib tug neeg."

3. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau dawb nqe lus phraseologisms yus constancy muaj pes tsawg leeg - cov Cheebtsam yog tsis tau hloov los ntawm lub xov tooj thiab xaiv (tsis txhob hais "miv naplakal" es tsis txhob ntawm lub classical coupling "miv luag" thiab es tsis txhob ntawm "hlawv" - "cocks tsis peck"; incidentally, phraseologisms nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm "ntau" thiab "ob peb" feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv hais lus).

4. Lub catch kab lus yog taag lo lus txiav txim. Tsis ncaj ncees lawm hais tias "yog pob txha daim tawv nqaij" es tsis "daim tawv nqaij thiab pob txha". Qhov no txoj cai siv rau tag nrho cov phraseology.

5. Lub catch kab lus ntawm cov lus, raws li ib tug txoj cai, yog tsis txhais ib lo lus rau lo lus mus rau lwm lub. Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug kab lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab "Lawv nto qaubncaug rau hauv lub qab nthab", lub British hais "zaum thiab twiddle koj tus ntiv tes xoo", lub ntsiab lus yuav tsum yog ib - "zaum rov qab".

Lub zog ntawm phraseology nyob rau hauv cov lus

Txhom kab lus muab ib tug hais lus thiab imagery vividness. Paub txog phraseology nqi nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev tib neeg kev ua si, feem ntau neeg sau xov xwm yog tig mus rau tej txoj kev nyob rau skits thiab sketches, tab sis koj yuav tsum paub raws nraim li cas nruab nrab yog nruas. Hais lus humorist los yog satirist yuav zog thiab ntau kev paub qhia lo yog hais tias nws yuav lo nyob rau hauv nws hais lus catch kab lus. Kev siv cov phraseology nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm muaj nuj nqis twb yeej ib txwm tshuaj pleev, thiab feem ntau cov neeg sau exposes lawv mus muaj tswv yim pom. Koj muaj peev xwm xaiv 5 thaum lub catch kab lus yog ib lub ntsiab lus tshiab.

1. Expansion ntawm kev siv vim yog lub uas tsim nyog lo lus: "Nej cov miv yog tsis me tsiaj plaub ntxhov thiab loj, ntse claws qias neeg, scraped nws lub plawv." Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug zoo-paub lus nruas twb dismembered nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus.
2. Txais tos txo (yuav txo tau) yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov TV series "Tsis Yug zoo nkauj." Qhov no qhia ntxiv tias: "thiab yuav tsum tau yug zoo siab."
3. Qhov chaw ntawm phraseology kos los ntawm classical copyright ruaj khov ob peb ua ke. Yog li, lub Latin motto "veni, vidi, vici" ( "kuv los, kuv pom, kuv kov yeej") journalist yuav hloov lawv tus kheej txoj kev, "kuv los, pom, kaw".
4. Txuas ntau kab zauv: "Yog nws vim hais tias qhov ntshai hu ua ceeb hais tias Vaj tswv Yias luag jellied Homeric tis?" Cov kev twb kev txuas yuav tsum muaj kev vam meej, hais tias cov kab lus tsis zoo tsis zoo.
5. Cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm paj lug lub ntsiab lus thaum nruas muaj ib tug ncaj qha nqi, tsis metaphorical, piv txwv li: "Nyob rau hauv tus hauj sam saum muaj golden ob txhais tes".

Yuav ua li cas puas tau catch kab lus?

Tsim kom muaj txhua tus neeg lub kab lis kev cai mus rau ntau centuries, lub legacy ntawm ib lub teb chaws pib yuav tsum tau xav nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg, yog li ntawd koj yuav tau soj ntsuam cov phenomenon ntawm assimilation. Qhov chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab phraseological units yog muab faib ua ob pawg: cov haiv neeg-Lavxias teb sab thiab borrowed. Sayings nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus yog borrowed los ntawm lub Slavic thiab uas tsis yog-Slavic lus. Los ntawm cov lus Askiv tuaj nthuav lus "cua daj cua dub nyob rau hauv ib tug teacup", "yuav tsum tau los yog tsis yuav tsum tau", "Ntxhais fuabtais thiab cov noob taum". Nyob rau hauv lem, Lavxias teb sab idioms kis ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Czechs thiab British yog tseem nyob rau hauv awe ntawm aphorisms "pliag", "hero ntawm peb lub sij hawm" thiab ntau lwm tus neeg.

Primordially Lavxias teb sab idioms raug muab faib ua peb loj pawg: Common Slavonic, East Slavic thiab nws tus kheej-Lavxias teb sab. Lub sib txawv yog piav los ntawm lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv uas lawv raug faib.

1. Los ntawm ancient ntau Slavic los yog Slavonic xws li cov idioms ntawm yam uas muaj feem rau biblical motifs, xws li "nyob rau hauv Yexus Khetos lub xubntiag" raws li "kev ruaj ntseg".
2. East Slavic idioms kis Lavxias teb sab, Belarusians thiab Ukrainians ( "rau muab tso rau ib tug npua" - "ua phem", "tsis tsev los yog lub tsev" - "tsis muaj dab tsi tag nrho").
3. Sobstvennorusskie sayings: "nrog gulkin qhov ntswg" - "me ntsis", "tuav koj tus nplaig" - "ntsiag to".

Stylistic khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm phraseology

Ib tug neeg siv nyob rau hauv nws hais lus rau hauv tus tsim ob peb ua ke ntawm cov lus uas muaj paj lug lub ntsiab lus, tsis muaj txawm xav txog nws, thiab ib co ntawm lawv tej zaum zoo li indecent. Zaum tau muab faib tag nrho phraseological units rau peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg nyob ntawm lawv lub stylistic coloring.

1. Nruab nrab ob peb ua ke, xws li "Xyoo Tshiab", "view". Nruas nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm xws li ib tug lub tswv yim yog feem ntau yooj yim nyob rau hauv kev txhais, raws li tus neeg siv lawv nyob rau hauv nws hais lus feem ntau txaus.
2. Phau Ntawv. Lawv yuav tsum tau siv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv sau, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv txhua hnub hais lus - nws yuav qhia txog ib tug txiv neej ntawm erudition ( "Babel", "Achilles luj"). Txawm li cas los, tsis tsim nyog siv bookish idioms nyob rau hauv ib tug kev qhov chaw los yog ib yam nkaus thiab feem ntau.
3. Nes mas hais. Siv ntau heev "maverick", "buffoon" thiab lwm yam idioms. Qib 6 - qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm rau paub tus menyuam kawm ntawv zoo sib xws kab zauv, hais tias nws pib los mus siv rau lawv.
4. Vernacular idioms tsis tsim nyog nyob rau hauv tus hais lus ntawm ib tug educated neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib tug formal chaw. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tuab tau tuaj tos ib tug dlej kab lus. Yog li, cov lus "tag nrho ntawm cov neeg ruam" yuav hloov phraseology "los ua ib nees caj dab ntev."

Sayings nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus

Tag nrho cov neeg ntawm lub ntiaj teb no muaj ib tug zoo kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam, uas yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi, thiab tej ntaub ntawv. Txhom kab lus yog tam sim no tsis tsuas nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv ntau lwm tus neeg. Feem ntau cov Cheebtsam yog hloov, yog li ntawd koj yuav tsis paub hais tias nws txhais tau hais lus nruas, tab sis nws cov ntsiab lus tseem zoo li qub. Ib txhia sib txawv yuav qhia los ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm cov lus Askiv.

• Lub sij hawm "tsawg noog" ( "Rara Avis") los ntawm lub Latin. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab nyob nruas "dawb uab lag", thiab cov txhais lus Askiv yog tsis tau hloov.
• "Beating li ib tug ntses nyob rau hauv cov dej khov" - thiaj li hais txog ib tug neeg uas yog koom nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim thiab tas hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv lus Askiv, cov kev qhia suab zoo li "pull dab ntxwg nyoog los ntawm tus Tsov tus tw."
• Nruas "ua ib lub roob tawm krotovnitsy" thiab "txiav txim siab ntawm ib tug ntxhw ya" yog tiav txhais, tab sis tus thawj yog pom nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cov teb chaws Europe.
• Nyob rau hauv lus Askiv, qhov nrov qhia "raws li lub cua blew" suab zoo li "ploj mus rau hauv nyias tej huab cua." Yog li ntawd lawv hais txog ib tug txiv neej uas khiav ceev ceev thiab mam li nco dheev zoo, tsis txhob piav.
• Paub qhia "ob thiab ob yog plaub 'nyob rau hauv lus Askiv nws suab txawv heev:" nws yog tseeb raws li lub qhov ntswg nyob rau hauv koj lub ntsej muag. " Yog no vim cov uas qaug zog paub txog kev kawm txog zauv?
• Cov kawm lus Askiv lus nruas "hu rau ib tug spade ib tug spade" suab ntau cia, "hu rau ib tug spade ib tug spade." Nws yuav ua tau ib tug interesting lo lus nug: "Yog vim li cas yog nws ib lub vaj teb cuab tam, tsis yog ib tug paj npleg los yog kas fes?"

• Yog hais tias lub Lavxias teb sab neeg yuav hais tias "kom koj lub qhov ncauj kaw," lub Englishman ua chatterbox "ntswj kom nruj koj daim di ncauj." Yuav kom paub tseeb, uas txhais tau tias nruas uas koj tsis tau hnov, thov xa mus rau cov phau ntawv txhais.
• Ib txhia catch nqe lus los ntawm ntau haiv neeg ntawm lub ntiaj teb no kiag li khaws cov lus tivthaiv nyob rau hauv neeg txhais lus. Yog li ntawd, idioms "mus los ntawm hluav taws thiab dej," "hais lus raws plab", "soul qhib wide" thiab "nrhiav ib rab koob nyob rau hauv ib tug haystack" suab tib yam nyob rau hauv lus Askiv thiab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab.

Sayings carpenters, sailors thiab lwm tus neeg

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, ib tug loj pawg coj idioms, ib zaug siv nyob rau hauv ib tug kev ua si. Thov nco ntsoov tias tseem muaj cov idioms nyob rau hauv ib tug nqaim vajvoog ntawm cov neeg, uas ces ua yam nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Yog li ntawd nrov nrog sailors hais tias "khiav aground" thiab "mus nrog cov khiav" thiab muaj ib tug paj lug lub ntsiab lus - "tshuav tsis muaj dab tsi" thiab "ua raws li tej kev tshwm sim." Cov kab lus "tsis muaj pob caus los yog khuam", "kho Walnut" thiab lwm tus neeg siv nyob rau hauv cov kev isb carpenters, thiab tom qab ntawd txhua leej txhua tus lwm tus. Yog hais tias lub fishermen siv nyob rau hauv nws kev hais lus, cov kab lus "kom tau mus rau lub kab nuv ntses" los yog "tom tus nuv" nyob rau hauv lub literal siab, lwm leej lwm tus hais li ntawd nyob rau hauv tej yam teeb meem uas tsis muaj feem xyuam rau fisheries. Yog li, qhov chaw ntawm phraseology yuav muaj nyob rau hauv cov kev teb ntawm kev ua si.

Sayings thiab Antiquity

Cov niaj hnub ntiaj teb no tshuav npaum li cas rau kab lis kev cai ntawm ancient Greece thiab Rome, raws li classic piv txwv ntawm cov kos duab tau tso precisely nyob rau hauv no era. Excerpts ntawm ancient myths xwb thiab epics siv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem tam sim no xyoo. Qhov chaw ntawm phraseology yuav twb tsis siv rau ancient Greece thiab Rome, raws li cov ancient dab neeg yeej ib txwm cov pej xeem txaus siab.

Niaj hnub no, koj tsis tshua hnov lus nruas "lub caij nplooj zeeg mus rau hauv lub caj npab ntawm Morpheus", thiab ua ntej lawm masters lus feem ntau xa mus rau qhov turnover. Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub nrov qhia yog txuam nrog rau ob tug tshwm sim. Tsaug zog ntsiav tshuaj ntawm morphine tau los ntawm poppy paj taub hau, thiab tus vajtswv Morpheus nyob rau hauv ancient Greece tau da dej nrog poppy paj thiab yeej tsis qhib nws lub qhov muag.

Hymen nyob rau hauv lub ancient ntiaj teb no - lub patron ntawm kev sib yuav. Hais txog kev pab neeg ntawm ob lovers ntau zaus siv cov kab lus, raws li ib feem ntawm uas yog ib lo lus uas ua ib lub cim rau hauv cov saw, ligaments los yog lwm yam txuas ntsiab. Ties khi ib tug neeg mus rau lwm - thiab nyob nruas "lub bonds ntawm Hymen", lub ntsiab lus nyob mus ib txhis kev hlub thiab kev hlub ntawm ob tug neeg.

Ntev dhau los tus vajtswv poj niam ntawm discord Eris tau txiav txim siab los noj kua zaub ntsuab rau lub gods, uas twb tsis caw nws mus rau ib tug tsiab peb caug. Nws pov mov nws ib tug Golden Kua nrog lub inscription "zoo kawg nkaus Hera, Aphrodite thiab Athena". Peb goddesses tau ntev sib cav, uas rightly yuav tsum tau coj uas title, tab sis Paris tau ua nws xaiv nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam ntawm kev hlub. Rau qhov no, nws tau pab nws kom tau Helen, vim hais tias ntawm cov uas pib ntev Trojan ua tsov ua rog. Yog li ntawd, lus nruas "Kua ntawm discord".

Ancient Greek fabulist Aesop tsis txhua leej txhua tus tau raug muab rau to taub. Nyob rau hauv tus hais lus, nws feem ntau siv dab neeg piav txais tos, vim hais tias ntawm yog dab tsi lub surrounding yuav tsis twv dab tsi nws tau ua tham. Niaj hnub no, cov kev qhia "Aesop lus" txhais tau hais tias muaj peev xwm mus qhia lawv cov kev xav allegories thiab lus piv txwv.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm phraseology nyob rau hauv lub xov xwm

Cov hauj lwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv - mus kos cov xim uas txawj nyeem ntawv thiab kawm kom tau ib tug loj cov neeg tuaj saib, ua tsaug rau uas cov ntawv xov xwm thov yuav yeej ib txwm yuav siab. Peev xwm sau xov xwm feem ntau sim mus khaws cov kaj metaphorical title, lub hauv paus uas coj nruas. Nyob rau hauv lub CIS, koob meej thiab nco ntsoov lub Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv ntawm cov Golden muaj hnub nyoog, yog li feem ntau xaiv mus rau npe rau hauv tsab xov xwm lub npe nrov quote Griboyedov "Leej twg yog cov txiav txim?" ntawm nws tej hauj lwm, "Woe los ntawm wit". Feem ntau cov feem ntau, tus sau phau ntawv siv idioms los yog pab lawv nrog cov tshiab lexical Cheebtsam. Piv txwv li, lub title "Tus nqi tsis hlawv" ib tug correlation ntawm Mihailom Bulgakovym thiab nws nto moo dictum "Hmoob tsis txhob hlawv". Yog li, qhov chaw ntawm phraseology - kuj yog ib tug ntawv tseeb. Qhov nrov catch kab lus "kuj zoo kawg nkoj zoo dhia" thiab "qaib ua ntej lawv daug lawm" neeg sau xov xwm hloov mus rau "ntau rubles zoo dhia" thiab "Thov sib ua ntej lawv yuav daug lawm". Kws txawj hais tias kev siv ntawm phraseology nyob rau hauv lub xov xwm ib txwm nyiam nyeem. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias tus nqi ntawm txhua stylistic nuj nqis, kom tsis txhob tsis meej pem tshwm sim.

Uas tsis nyob rau hauv kev siv ntawm phraseology

Ib tug kawm ntawv tus neeg ua rau decorate nws hais lus winged nqe lus, siv kev lus thiab txawv teb chaws lus. Feem ntau cov kev siv ntawm ib co daim ntawv tsis yog lawm, nws yuav ua rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub ntsiab lus teb thiab kiag li hloov nws. Muaj ntau ntau missteps uas feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tib neeg hais lus.

Ib txhia unjustifiably txo phraseologism muaj pes tsawg leeg raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm uas ploj lawm yam "tub ntxhais kawm ntawv kawm tau zoo npaum li cas rau muab qhov kev kawm" es tsis txhob "tub ntxhais kawm ntawv kawm tau zoo yog tsis zoo." Tus thawj daim ntawv noj tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Hloov ib tug ntawm lub Cheebtsam yuav tsum thawj, tiam sis tej zaum nws cia li ua rau nws nyob luag ntxhi.

Media neeg ua hauj lwm feem ntau siv hais lus paj lug "uas tsis muaj neeg sau xov xwm tau ploj mus ua ntej." Cov ruaj khov ua ke nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsis txhob lo lus "txiv neej" tau raug hloov.

Hloov Cheebtsam yog ze nyob rau hauv lub suab - ib qho yuam kev uas yuav ua kom paub ib tug kawm ntawv tus txiv neej mus rau ib tug standstill. Yog li ntawd, es tsis txhob ntawm qhov tseeb daim ntawv "tsis txhob poob siab" yeej yuav hnov "yuav tsis ploj lub siab" - xaiv qhia txog kev ua nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los tense ntawm lub infinitive xwb.

Daim ntawv qhia txog kev hloov ntawm grammatical ntaub ntawv kuj yuav ua tis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum es tsis txhob phraseologism "nyob twj ywm ib tug lub plab" cov neeg hnov "nyob twj ywm ib tug lub plab". Hloov lub zoo tshaj mus rau lub plural tsis tsim nyog.

Feem ntau qhov yuam kev no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub mixing ntawm ob nqe lus. Nruas "ua ib tug sib txawv" thiab "ua si ib lub luag hauj lwm" yuav tsis meej pem nrog txhua lwm yam, qhov tshwm sim yog ib tug funny tig "ua si tus nqi".

To taub yuam kev qhov tseem ceeb aphorisms - yog ib tug yuam kev loj heev, vim hais tias vim qhov no yuav ua tau txaus ntseeg muaj, li ntawd nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias yuav ua li cas muaj idioms thiab thaum lawv yuav tsum tau siv. Yog li, cov lus "funny kawm tiav hu nkauj lawv os dej dawb song" (a song sung los ntawm ib tug tuag noog) suab tsis zoo, yog li ntawd yog koj tsis paub tseeb txog kev siv ntawm phraseological, ua si nws muaj kev ruaj ntseg.

Yuav ua li cas feem ntau peb siv cov nqe lus cruise? Nruas nyob rau hauv txhua hnub hais lus

Txiv neej siv catch nqe lus nyob rau hauv lub hais lus ntau npaum li cas tshaj no mas. Feem ntau, qhov no tshwm sim looj hlias. Yog li ntawd, muaj ib hnub, ib co hais ob peb kaum os cov kab zauv. Feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv qhia muaj xws li phraseologisms (Qib 6 onwards).

Peb hu ib tug "scapegoat" tus neeg uas muaj yuav tsum tau muaj accountable rau misdeeds ntawm lwm tus neeg thiab ua npau taws rau ib tug neeg, hais tias "Kuv mam li qhia koj tau tawm!" Sim mus cuag tej yam tshwm sim ntawm tag nrho cov kev siv zog peb yog "txias zoo li ib tug nas nyob rau hauv ib lub log," thiab tub nkeeg, pib "ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug slipshod yam." Pom nyob ntsiag to coj qub poj niam, peb mam li hu rau nws "Vajtswv lub dandelion", ib tug txiv neej escaping qhov tsis zoo sab ntawm cov ua cim - tus "dub yaj ntawm cov tsev neeg."

Ntau tsawg tus neeg xav tuaj tos idioms txhob txwm tshaj tawm muab ib tug hais lus zoo nkauj coloring. Hais lus, nyob ntawm seb lub ntsiab ntawm nws kev hais lus, pib nrog cov catch kab lus, yog li ntawd lub listeners muaj ib tug ntse txaus siab. Cov tub hluas feem ntau "txi xub" hais cov kev sib raug zoo, thiab ua ntej uas txiav txim siab mus "nyob twj ywm ib tug lub plab" mus nce lub zog. Nyob tsis tswm cov me nyuam "mus unheeded" paub qab hau kev taw qhia ntawm cov niam txiv, raws li "sib sib zog nqus down" tom qab xyoo ntawm kev khuv xim. Yog li, lub phraseology yog nrees tsim nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm txhua tus neeg.