"Plato yog kuv cov phooj ywg, tab sis qhov tseeb yog dearer": tus keeb kwm thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev qhia

Yuav ua li cas feem ntau, ntog nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ib tug neeg lwm tus views thiab cov tswvyim, peb hneev ua ntej lwm txoj cai. Tej zaum nws tshwm sim, tsis tooj mus rau kev txiav txim siab. Piv txwv li, cov niam txiv yeej ib txwm xav hais tias lawv paub tias dab tsi yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau lawv tus me nyuam. Leej twg nws yuav phooj ywg, yog dab tsi uas koj nyiam ua xaiv kom paub lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib tug profession. Thiab txawm tus kheej lub neej ntawm lawv tus me nyuam yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov neeg laus. Thiab nws yeej ib txwm yog ib txoj cai, cov neeg uas tau muab rau peb lub neej? Thiab yuav peb xav txog nws muaj hnub nyoog thiab txawv teb chaws kev qhov tseeb?

nrov qhia

Rau xws li tus neeg mob, lub feem ntau tsim nyog lub sij hawm, ntev dhau los los ua tis. Nws suab zoo li no: "Plato yog kuv cov phooj ywg, tab sis qhov tseeb yog kim kim." Zoo li feem ntau aphorisms, qhov no yog ib tug muaj cov thawj qhov chaw thiab. Qhov kawg ntawm XVI - thaum ntxov XVII xyoo pua muaj ib tug xws li ib tug naas ej txawj sau ntawv - Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. Sawv daws yeej paub nws funny thiab qhov zoo tagnrho ntawm tus hero - Don Quixote de la Mancha. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob yog ib feem ntawm tus tshiab, nyob rau hauv Tshooj 51, peb ntsib tus paub: "Plato yog kuv cov phooj ywg, tab sis qhov tseeb yog kim kim." Yog li ntawd yog qhov twg peb cov lus tuaj rau kab lus no! "Amicus Plato, tab ma gis Amica veritas" - ib tug Lavxias teb sab aphorism transcription nyob rau hauv Latin. Vim li cas peb nco ntsoov txog nws? Cia li Cervantes ntsib nrog cov kab lus lub sab masses ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv. Tab sis nws tsuas yog pheej rov qab ua nyob rau hauv Mev uas zoo ua ntej nws hais tias lub ancient.

Patrimony ...

Tam sim no, lub hlwb ceev rau pem hauv ntej mus rau ib tug lub sij hawm tshuab ntau tom qab nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. IV xyoo pua BC, Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws, Velikiy Platon, nws lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm philosophy thiab tej hauj lwm, leej twg hnub no tsis tau poob lawv qhov tseeb thiab kev txaus siab. Nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm lawv - ua hauj lwm "Phaedo" - Plato quotes Socrates, uas nws yog ib tug thwj tim ntawm nws tus kheej, qhov twg nws ci ntsa iab thawj tswv yim tsawg mus saib nws tus kheej, tiv thaiv nws taw tes ntawm view. Qhov tseeb yog xav paub ntxiv txoj cai, Socrates sib cav. Thiab tus neeg sau ntawm lub "Phaedo" pom zoo. Li no: "Plato yog kuv cov phooj ywg, tab sis qhov tseeb yog kim kim." Nco ntsoov tias lub philosopher kom cov tub ntxhais leej chaw: yuav tsum mus rau thaum xaus, yog tias koj ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej txoj cai, thiab tsis tau xav txog seb qhov no yog raws li lawv tus xib fwb txoj kev xav.

Los ntawm Plato rau Aristotle

Cov ancient Greek philosophical xav tau ua ntau geniuses. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis nco qab ib tug ntau zoo kawg li nws cov neeg sawv cev - Aristotle. Qhov no, dhau lawm, IV xyoo pua BC, xwb ob peb tom qab lub sij hawm. Nws sau ib tug sib sib zog nqus thiab loj ua hauj lwm "Nicomachean Ethics". Nyob rau hauv nws, Aristotle, ntxiv rau kev xav ntawm lawv cov xib fwb (Socrates thiab Plato tag nrho cov tib), sau tias, tsis muaj teeb meem li cas kim nws cov phooj ywg, Yog hais tias koj xaiv nruab nrab ntawm lawv thiab qhov tseeb, nyiam yuav tsum tau muab tag nrho cov tseeb. Ntawm no yog ib tug ntev li keeb kwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no! Tab sis nws yog tseem tsis yog qhov kawg, raws li muaj ntau yam ancient writers ntseeg hais tias tus thawj qhov chaw ntawm tag nrho cov "cheese-boron" - Socrates, uas nws lub npe yog hais nyob rau hauv lub aphorism. Tab sis, raws li peb tau tsim los pab, nws yuav muaj tseeb hais li ntawd, "Plato yog kuv cov phooj ywg, tab sis qhov tseeb yog kim kim!"

ntxiv era

Yog li ntawd, peb muaj ib tug classic piv txwv ntawm cov zajlus kom thiab cov kev cai paradox. Tus sau tau pib nyob rau hauv lub axiom ntawm lub teeb, tsis tooj mus rau nws tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv lub "tag nrho cov ntsiab lus" ib tug ntau ntawm xws nqe lus nws yog raws li tau tom qab kos mus txog. Piv txwv li, Martin Luther, peb xyaum? Nws kev cai dab qhuas thiab philosophical postulates, hais tias yuav luag tib lub universal mis, heev ze rau cov tsoos: "Plato yog kuv cov phooj ywg, tab sis qhov tseeb yog dearer", cia li mus hais ntau thiab Socrates thiab noj volitional imperative "yuav tsum tau nyiam." Tus nqi ntawm nws, ntawm chav kawm, to taub: tej kev tsis sib haum raws li ib tug arbitrator yuav tsum ua kom raug, kev nkag siab, lub hom phiaj. Los yog qhov tseeb. Hais tias nws yuav tsum hais lus ntawm meej nqi thiab muaj cai rau tag nrho cov subjective views.

Cia peb xav txog cov piv txwv

Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, txawm li cas los, tsim nyog rau tej kev ib qho kev qhia? Xyaum nyob rau hauv tag nrho, thaum nws los txog rau loj kev txiav txim siab ntawm hauv paus ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv uas, piv txwv li, tej zaum yuav yog nyob ntawm seb txoj hmoo ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb scientific discovery, daws teeb meem lij choj thiab hais txog. D. Los txawm tias ib tug tus kheej kev sib raug zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub tshiab Dudintsev "dawb robes" sib tham tej teeb meem muaj feem xyuam rau cov tuaj tshiab biology - noob caj noob ces. Tej zaum koj yuav nug, yog dab tsi tsis tag nrho cov no yog tseem tib aphorism: "Plato yog kuv cov phooj ywg, tab sis qhov tseeb yog kim kim?" Lub ntsiab lus nws yog ncaj qha mus txog rau qhov teeb meem, qhia tawm nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm: tej zaum mus txog rau official tub ceev xwm tau pom zoo nyob rau hauv txhua yam rau lub "Cov neeg tus Academician» Townhouse (Lysenko tsab). Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm tus kheej nce thiab lub hwj chim, "erasure" tsis tsuas nws feemxyuam lug txhawb cov miv, tab sis frankly thiab falsifies pouring dag hnyav scientific tswv yim.

Lwm tus tsis ntshai tab sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv cov reactionaries thiab timeservers thiab tiv thaiv qhov tseeb nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm cov kev txaus ntshai lawv fim. Nws Dozhkin, Tsvyah, Strigalov, Heifetz. Cov yav tas, piv txwv li, yog li ntawd tom los ntawm cov cua ntawm latent meanness thiab denunciations nyob rau hauv pab neeg IEP, uas txawm hais tias muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm nws cov phooj ywg ntawm cov zaum ua hauj lwm muaj, yuav tawm hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm lub koom haum, qhov uas nws ua hauj lwm rau ntau xyoo. "Plato yog kuv cov phooj ywg, tab sis qhov tseeb yog dearer" - lub ntsiab lus ntawm tsab ntawv no, nws qhia tau nws tus kheej ua. Thiab tsis tsuas yog nws! Kuv dozhkin ib zaug Revered Ryadno ib tug yeej muaj tseeb kev, ib tug txiv neej ntawm kuj zoo kawg txawj ntse thiab txuj ci, ib tug biologist nrog ib tug capital tsab ntawv. Tej hau kev kawm uas Academician tshem tawm mus rau muab nws tus kheej lub discoveries ntawm lwm leej lwm tus, thiab lawv sau phau ntawv tsim txom thiab kev tsuj kuj outraged thiab sawv rau qhov tseeb.

"Plato yog kuv cov phooj ywg, tab sis qhov tseeb yog kim kim" - nws txhais tau tias daim ntawv no rau nws? Ntau: Dozhkin coj mus rau ib tug xaus cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub yeej clandestine laboratory. Nws yog risking nws lub neej, dua nqi lus Western counterparts, qhia tshwj xeeb uas tuaj txog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lub Union. Thiab ces, tau ntau xyoo, mus txog rau thaum txoj kev tuag ntawm Stalin thiab cov kev ncaj ncees ntawm nws lug txhawb cov miv, ib txhia ntawm cov neeg uas tuag los yog nyob rau hauv tsev rau txim camps, nyob luag nyob rau hauv pub leejtwg paub. Ntawm no yog dab tsi privations thiab sacrifices neeg txaus siab yuav coj tus thawj xib fwb rau qhov tseeb!

Tsim nyog piv txwv muab peb cov ntawv!