Pilot Marina Raskova, Hero ntawm lub Soviet Union. Biography, khoom plig

Tus nab npawb ntawm cov poj niam uas los ua ib tug hero ntawm lub Soviet Union, lub npe Mariny Raskovoy stands. Nws yog cov thawj yuav tau txais cov "Kub Star". Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tus poj niam no twb tau muab ob Orders ntawm Lenin, thiab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ntawm cov thawj degree (posthumously, nyob rau hauv 1944).

Marina Raskova - ib tug naas ej navigator, ntau tshaj 6 txhiab kilometers twb ya los ntawm cov taiga .. Nws cim aircraft ua ib tug tsaws nyob rau hauv ib tug hav iav. Marina Raskova - qhov no legendary loj, uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb department ntawm lub NKVD. Nws tsim nyob rau hauv huab cua pab pawg neeg, muaj raws ntawm 3 poj niam huab cua regiments: Fighter (586th), Bomber (587 th) thiab hmo ntuj bomber (588 th). Brave ntxhais ntawm lub 588 th tso kom muaj kab muaj kev ntawm cov feem ntau ntshai tsam tus yeeb ncuab. Nws muab lawv lub npe menyuam yaus "Hmo ntuj Witches". Saib cov yeej Day, txawm li cas los, Marine Raskovoy tsis muaj caij nyoog. Yog li ntawd dheev txiav luv luv nws lub neej ...

Marina Raskova: biography

Marina M. yug nyob rau hauv Moscow rau Lub peb hlis ntuj 28, 1912 Nws txiv - Mihail Dmitrievich Malinin, ib tug ua lag luam, ib qho opera actor (baritone), ib tug suab xib fwb. Marina niam - Anna Spiridonovna (nee Lyubatovich). Nws ua hauj lwm los ntawm 1905 mus 1932, ib tug high school cov xib fwb nyob rau hauv Vyazma, Torzhok thiab Moscow. Tom qab kho kom sawvdaws xeeb cov laus Spiridonovna Anna nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg ntawm nws tus ntxhais Marina Mikhailovna.

Lub tsev kawm ntawv cov nqi, lab ua hauj lwm

Yav tom ntej zoo aviator thiab "godmother" Hmo ntuj bomber aircraft Soviet Union lawm xya-xyoo tsev kawm ntawv, kev kawm raws txoj kev nyob rau Conservatoire (cov me nyuam lub department). Marina pub cov suab paj nruas txuj ci los ntawm nws tus txiv, hu nkauj kws qhia ntawv. Nws kwv yees ib tug yav tom ntej opera singer. Txawm li cas los, Marina M. twb tsis destined los ua ib tug artist: nws txiv tau tuag, thiab nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txhawb nws niam, tij laug thiab kuv tus kheej, Marina twb yuam kom khom nyob rau hauv 17 xyoo raws li ib tug lab pab. Nws ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug tshuaj tsob nroj Butyrskaya.

tsim ib tsev neeg

Yav tom ntej Pilot Marina Raskova nyob rau hauv 1929 (April) twb sib yuav - nws tus txiv yog tus engineer ntawm lub lab Raskov Sergey Ivanovich nroj tsuag. Cov tsev neeg tus ntxhais Tanya yug ib xyoos tom qab. Vim cov me nyuam yug ntawm nws tus ntxhais Marina tsoo nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 1931 nws ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 1935, nws nrauj nws tus txiv.

Cov hauj lwm Aeronautical Laboratory

Nyob rau hauv 1932, Marina Raskova ceev ua hauj lwm, zaum nyob rau hauv ib tug lab aeronautical draftsman (Cua Dag Zog Yuam Academy ntawm lub Red Army rau lawv. Zhukovsky). Marina nyob ntawm no nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv kiag li lub ntiaj teb no. Ntxiv cov dej num nws yog kom coj sophisticated instrumentation nyob rau kev qhuab qhia - sextants, aerotermometry, manometers. Ib txhia ntawm cov npe ntawm tag nrho cov pab kiag li lawm yog dab tsi nqi, thiab tej ntsiab cai ntawm cov kev ua ub rau tub ntxhais hluas ntxhais muaj thawj ntawm tag nrho cov yam ua tsis tag. Txawm li cas los Raskova nws thiaj li txheeb tawm ntawm cov lo lus uas ntawm tag nrho cov seev - mus ua hauj lwm, nws yuav tsum tau ua tam sim no ua ke nrog cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm lub academy nyob rau ntau tswv yim qhia thiab lectures.

Kawm phau ntawv, ib tug muaj kev vam meej xeem

Xyoo deal nyob rau hauv 1930 yog nyob rau hauv lub USSR nrov hobby, koj muaj peev xwm txawm hais romantic. Nws twb tseem tsis tau tiav lub feat Georgiem Baydukovym thiab Valeriem Chkalovym, tab sis tub ntxhais hluas yog nce siab nyob rau hauv cov qauv aircraft thiab gliders. Marina M. nqa deb los ntawm huab cua navigation, txawm hais tias nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, ob peb yuav tau kwv yees hais tias lub 20-xyoo-laus ntxhais tos rau lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm lub davhlau.

Marina Raskova raws li ib tug rau siab kawm ntawv, ib tug los ntawm ib tug, kawm phau ntawv hais txog cov kev txawj ntawm tus navigator. Fueled ntawm xav paub, nws muaj tshawb nrhiav thiab lwm yam sciences: physics, advanced lej, astronomy, xov tooj cua engineering, meteorology thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Aleksandr Vasilevich Belyakov, tus xib fwb ntawm lub Academy, remarked muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no nws twb tsim nyog navigator. Alexander pib pab Raskova. Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm nrhiav kev txawj ntse, tsis muaj nws tiv thaiv, Raskova Marina Mihaylovna brilliantly dhau xeem. Nws tau los ua ib tug poj niam-navigator, thawj nyob rau hauv lub domestic tub rog aviation. Yog li Raskova txawm thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev kawm nqa tawm txoj kev tshawb fawb.

Noj ib daim duab thiab piav qhia ntawm lub ntug dej hiav txwv

Nyob rau Dub hiav txwv nyob rau hauv cov xyoo tso neeg nrog caij gidroavialiniya nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm Odessa - Batumi. Ntaub ntawv hais txog cov tej yam kev mob ntawm lub cheeb tsam yog heev npaum li cas yuav tsum engineers. Marina M. twb thov kom muab cov duab thiab cov mus piav qhia txog feem ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej txoj kev. Marina yuav tsum tau ya ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm 7 teev ib hnub twg, feem ntau nyob rau hauv nyuaj tej yam kev mob, thaum lub hiav txwv yog dag. Nws ua tib zoo kawm Crimean thiab Caucasian ntug dej hiav txwv, cov dej ntawm lub hiav txwv ntawm Azov. Cov kev tshwm sim tau ua pov thawj tias Marina Raskova, poj niam-tsav, ua ib tug zoo heev navigator. Nws tau raug tsa ua ib qho kev li tus xibfwb qhia tom qab aeronautical laboratory kuaj. Thiab ces nws pib qhia thaum lub Academy haiv neeg navigational deal. Thiab nws yog nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm 22 xyoo.

Mus xyuas lecturer

Raskova Marina Mihaylovna, yeej ib txwm huv si, graceful nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thiab xiav beret, ua cov chav kawm rau senior tub ceev xwm. Venerable av warriors uas nws tau qhia cov tactics ntawm huab cua sib ntaus los thiab cov qauv rau kev ya. Tsis tas li ntawd, Marina coj thiab xyaum nyob rau hauv kev cob qhia rau ua hnyav bomber TB-3 mus rau 50 hu ntawm ib lub hom phiaj thaum lub sij hawm ib tug hluas davhlau! Peb Kawm ua tub rog kiv taub hau, tab sis Marina muaj zoo. Nws ciali hais tias qhov no plucky ntxhais hu ua ntuj ceeb tsheej, thiab ib tug Tubrog nkoj muaj lub sij hawm los ua ib tug tsav. Thiab yog dab tsi lub sij hawm! Lub taub hau ntawm lub Academy tus kheej nyob rau nws. Nws xav foom koob hmoov rau Raskova rau kev kawm navigators. Ces Marina M. hais kom nws qhia kev tswj lub dav hlau ...

Lub ntuj hnub flypast

Ib tug npau suav los muaj tseeb! Nyob rau hauv Tushino, nyob rau hauv lub Central Cua Club, Marina kawm tiav los ntawm tsav lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tsis ntev, nws twb entrusted nrog ib tug tseem ceeb heev teeb meem: qhov kev npaj ntawm lub capital Tej zaum hnub flypast. Nws yog hais tias lawv tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv "zoo heev". Marina Raskova txhua txhua lub sij hawm tus kheej coj lub lag luam nyob rau helm ntawm lub aircraft, solemnly muaj nyob rau hauv Moscow rau nyiaj so koobtsheej.

Nqi ntawv xov xwm sau txog Tubrog nkoj Raskovoy, tag nrho cov ntawm Moscow paub nws lub npe. Marina M. NKVD los ua ib tug kws pab tswv yim, thiab ces tso cai rau tus Tshwj xeeb Department. Nws tau muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv ntev-deb flights, qhov chaw kawm ntaub ntawv thiab txawm aviation generals ceeb lawv flights. Txawm li cas los, lub ntsiab Slava Raskovoy, Tag nrho cov-Union, yog tsis tau tuaj.

ntiaj teb no cov ntaub ntawv

Marina Raskova nyob rau hauv 1938, ua nyob rau hauv cov neeg coob ntsaum-37 "Rodina" nonstop davhlau los ntawm Moscow - lub Far East, nyob rau hauv lub tis tawm hauv ntau tshaj li 6.4 txhiab. Km. Dhau li Marina M., on board lub dav hlau twb Polina Osipenko thiab Valentina Grizodubova. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv twb tom qab muab tsub lub title ntawm Hero ntawm lub Soviet Union. cov poj niam lub ntiaj teb no deb cov ntaub ntawv twb muab qhov no sib ntaus: aircraft tsoo nyob rau hauv ib tug ncaj kab 5908 km, thiab tom qab lub chav - thiab 6450 km. Txawm li cas los, qhov no cim davhlau twb tsis haum txheem ...

Mus txog rau lub Far East, cov ntsaum-37 poob mus rau hauv lub hav iav hav zoov, nyob ze Khabarovsk, nyob ze ntawm lub zos ntawm Kirby. Yog li Raskova twb yuam kom zaug tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg taiga. Nyob nrog ib tug phom, ib tug riam thiab ib tug me me khoom noj, kev kov yeej kev mob khaub thuas, 26-xyoo-laus ntxhais xeeb tawm mus rau kuv tus khub ntawm 10 hnub, scaring bears thiab lynx, noj berries thiab pw tsaug zog nyob rau hauv ntoo.

Marina Mihaylovna Raskova dim, nws muaj peev xwm taug kev los mus. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov Soviet ntawv xov xwm tau txais cov dab neeg. Moscow greeted li heroes siab tawv ntxhais nrog lawv pib coj ib qho piv txwv. Marina Raskova siv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob, sau tau ib phau ntawv, uas nws hu ua "Sau ntawv ntawm ib tug navigator." Cov poj Patriotic ua tsov ua rog pib ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd.

Tsim poj niam warhead

Hero ntawm Soviet Union, lub navigator thiab tus tsav Marina Raskova lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1941 pib mus nrhiav kev tso cai rau cov creation ntawm poj niam txoj kev sib ntaus los tsev. Nws txawm muaj koj tus kheej tiv tauj nrog Stalin thiab siv nws txoj hauj lwm mus ua tau qhov no daws teeb meem. Txhiab tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub ncaj ncees txiv neej pw ntawm peb lub teb chaws txhawb nws. Muaj ntau ntawm cov ntxhais sim tau rau pem hauv ntej thiab ntiab tawm los ntawm ib ncig ntawm lub teb ntawm lub German invaders. Tom qab tau txais kev tso cai, Marina pib tsim kom muaj cov squadrons. Marina Raskova thoob plaws lub teb chaws tab tom nrhiav rau cov tub kawm ntawv uas ya clubs thiab ya davhlau tsev kawm ntawv. Txawm cov uas tsis yog-pilots twb kam tuav tus Germans nyob rau hauv lub ntuj. Pilots, ntawm chav kawm, ua, tsis yog txhua txhua, tab sis lub feature ntawm lub regiments Marina Mikhailovna ua heev dua lwm yam poj niam muaj pes tsawg leeg. Tag nrho cov poj niam - los ntawm pilots thiab commander mus rau lub tse thiab technicians.

586 th, 587 th thiab 588 th regiments tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm Mariny Raskovoy. Major Raskova sai tau raug tsa commander ntawm lub bomber tso kom muaj kab muaj kev (587 th). Nws tus kheej ua ntau pab raws qib. Txawm li cas los, qhov ntev-awaited yeej pom Marina Mikhailovna. Ob xyoos ua ntej thaum xaus ntawm ua tsov ua rog twb poob Marina Mihaylovna Raskova. Biography, khoom plig thiab achievements ntawm tus poj niam no - tag nrho cov no thiab tseem txaus siab rau ntau yam ntawm peb cov compatriots. Lub cim xeeb ntawm nws yog tseem ciaj sia. Nws tseem raug nyob tsuas qhia rau yuav ua li cas Marina Raskova tuag thiab qhov uas nws raug faus.

Tuag Mariny Raskovoy

Marina M. tuag nyob ze Saratov (Mikhailovka zos koog tsev kawm ntawv) Lub ib hlis ntuj 4, 1943 nws poob lawm dav hlau nyob rau hauv nyuaj huab cua tej yam kev mob, thaum sab laug mus rau pem hauv ntej, qhov twg ib tug tshiab squadron twb stationed. Tej zaum tseem yuav tau ua ib tug ntau rau peb cov Marina M. lub teb chaws, yog hais tias tsis txiav luv luv los ntawm lub cia li tuag ntawm nws biography.

Marina Raskova twb xub faus nyob rau hauv lub Saratov Limes Park, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ua si. Ces nws twb reburied no, nyob rau hauv lub paj kiag, thiab ces - nyob rau ntawm Kev Sawv Rov Los tojntxas ntawm lub nroog ntawm Saratov. Hsu Raskova Marina Mihaylovna twb cremated tom qab kev tuag. Lub urn nrog nws ashes twb pauv mus rau Moscow. Niaj hnub no, qhov seem ntawm no kuj zoo kawg pilots faus nyob ze ntawm lub Kremlin phab ntsa rau liab Square, Moscow. Feats Mariny Raskovoy cog lus nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm kev kaj siab rau ntau xyoo yog ib qho piv txwv rau ntau pilots nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws.