Physico-tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav, cov ntshav muaj nuj nqi

lub neej yog tsis yooj yim sua yam uas tsis tau cov ntshav. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg, nws ua ob peb tseem ceeb functions. Muaj ntau ntau, tab sis lub overestimate cov zog yog ib qhov nyuaj. Los ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov ntshav nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub plawv, hauv nruab nrog cev thiab cov hlab ntsha.

Lub zog thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob txiav txim seb lub cev thiab tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav. Yuav kom to taub lawv, koj yuav tsum delve rau hauv cov teeb meem ntawm tib neeg lub cev tej hlab ntshav. Nyias nws yog tsim nyog los xav txog lub Cheebtsam ntawm cov ntshav Cheebtsam thiab ntshav zog.

General yam ntxwv

Cov ntshav tsim nyog rau tus neeg rau ob peb yog vim li cas. Nws ua hauj lwm pab ib subspecies ntawm lub connective cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov ntshav muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj xws li niaj hnub hlwb thiab lub kua tshuaj (ntshav).

Cov thawj pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li cov ntshav liab, qe ua ntshav khov thiab qe ntshav dawb. Txhua yam ntawm cov ntshav cell ua tej yam zog. Lawv tag nrho cov ntshav, muaj txog li 45%. Ntshav yog ib qho intercellular kua thiab yog 55% ntawm tag nrho cov ceeb thawj.

Qhov ratio ntawm cov tsim hais rau tag nrho cov ntshav ntim no yog hu ua cov hematocrit nws. Kev sib deev yog leejtwg influences lub cev thiab tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav. Physiology caug qhia hematocrit los ntawm 41 rau 48%, thiab cov poj niam - los ntawm 37 mus 43%. Nws theem yog tswj los ntawm txawv mechanisms ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv haum thiab feem ntawm ntsev, nqhis dej, kev tswj ntawm protein metabolism los yog cov ntshav liab ntawm tes ntau lawm.

Piv txwv li, thaum nce toj ib lub roob, qhov chaw uas cov cua yuav ntau sib, hematocrit tsub kom vim qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau kom cov mov ntawm oxygen. Lub volume ntawm cov ntshav uas yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus tib neeg lub cev nce mus txog kwv yees li 5 liters. Qhov no yog kwv yees li 7% ntawm nws cov yuag tag nrho.

Yog vim li cas cov ntshav?

Tso cai thiab physico-tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav muab lag luam ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Lub ntsiab hom phiaj ntawm qhov no tshuaj muaj xws li tsheb thauj mus los, ntxawg, thermoregulatory zoo thiab tswj barrier zog thiab cov ntaub so ntswg lwm.

Thauj muaj nuj nqi muaj ob peb yam. Lub circulatory system cov pa oxygen rau cov ntaub so ntswg, noj tam sim ntawd los ntawm lawv cov pa roj carbon dioxide (ua pa muaj nuj nqi). Tsis tas li ntawd siv rau lub thauj zoo tus me nyuam cov as-ham rau tag nrho cov tshuab. Qhov no pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li lub sij hawm teem thiab excretory ntshav. Nws sau cov zaum kawg khoom ntawm cellular metabolism thiab thauj nws mus rau lub nruab nrog cev ntawm feem.

Thermoregulatory lub hom phiaj ntawm cov ntshav yog mus nqa thaum tshav kub kub deb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm nws tsim mus rau lwm yam systems. Kom cov nqaij mos lwm thiab lawv cov homeostasis yog vim sib pauv dab.

Ntshav kuj regulates lub thauj ntawm cov tshuaj hormones thiab rau lwm yam tshuaj. Cov kev tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj yog los xyuas kom meej tias cov tiv thaiv kab mob muaj nuj nqi. Rau lub hom phiaj no nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm dab.

Ntsiab zog

Yuav kom ib tug neeg xav tias zoo, nws yuav tsum tau kom muaj ib txwm khiav dej num ntawm cov ntshav. Tab sis dhau ntawd, muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm indicators characterizing lub noj qab haus huv ntawm tus kab mob. Nws yog qhov yooj yim lub cev thiab tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav. Luv luv lawv yuav tsum tau teev tseg, tab sis txhua tus yuav tsum tau ib tug xav paub ntau dua saib xyuas.

Lub ntsiab ntsuas ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov circulatory system yog cov oncotic thiab osmotic siab, slurry zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd ib qho tseem ceeb attribute xws li colloidal ntshav stability. Lub ntsiab yam ntxwv uas yog soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv lub laboratory txoj kev tshawb no yog tus ceev thiab viscosity ntawm cov ntshav yam ntxwv. Tag nrho cov zog yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub qub, los yog zoo-tsis yog heev npaum li cas, t. Yuav kom. Ntshav ntws los ntawm lub system, pub txhua txhua cell. Los ntawm nws tus yam ntxwv kev noj qab nyob nyob ncaj qha.

Osmotic siab hom

Xav qhov yooj yim lub cev thiab tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav, nws yog tsim nyog ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov them sai sai mus yog nws zoo li ib tug osmotic siab hom. Qhov no tus nqi nyob rau hauv lub concentration theem ntawm solutes nyob rau hauv cov ntshav.

Tej zaum nws yuav tsis yog-electrolytes thiab electrolytes. Tag nrho cov Cheebtsam muaj ib yam siab. NaCl tsim feem ntau ntawm no raug. Inorganic Cheebtsam ua ke roos 95% ntawm cov osmotic siab.

Feem ntau nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg laus, lub cev yog 7.5-7.6 atm. Qhov no thiaj li hu ua physiological saline daws, nyob rau lub ntsev cov ntsiab lus yog 0,86%. Txawm li cas los, Yog hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm NaCl index nce, nws concentration ntawm lub nce thiab raws li siab. Cov tshuaj no yog hu ua "hypertonic". Lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub ntsev concentration ua rau ib tug txo nyob rau hauv siab. Qhov no ua rau ib hom ntawm hypotonic tshuaj.

Hloov osmotic siab

Kev ua txhaum ntawm lub physicochemical thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav txheeb ze mus rau lub osmotic siab ua rau yus malfunction ntawm lub system. Physiological nruab nrab raws li txoj ntsiab cai no tswj cov kev hloov ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm lub semipermeable membrane. Wherein kua zog yog ua los ntawm ib tug qis ntsev concentration mus rau ib tug noo.

Thaum hypertonic tshuaj hom erythrocytes poob dej, uas ua rau yus mus rau lawv shrinkage. Yog hais tias muaj yog tsis tshua muaj siab hom, lawv tau nce ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov ntshav liab tej zaum yuav txawm tawg. Qhov no tus txheej txheem no xa mus rau raws li osmotic hemolysis. Ib tug tsis muaj ntshav liab yog txaus ntshai rau tib neeg.

Oncotic siab hom

Lub colloidal nruab nrab cov nqaijrog yog tseem tau los txoos ua siab, ces nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias cov tshuaj nyob tus yeees ntawm hematology. Physico-tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav no yog thiab kev oncotic siab variations.

Cov nqaijrog muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj los mus kov yeej lub nyias capillary hlab ntsha. Oncotic siab tso cai dej mus noog nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Nws yog vim mas albumin. Lawv tus xov tooj nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws ntshav.

Yog hais tias rau ib co yog vim li cas tus xov tooj ntawm albumin nyob rau hauv ntshav yog heev tsawg, cov ntaub so ntswg pib swell. Los ntawm nce lub concentration yog ntxeev. ib tug tseem ceeb npaum li cas ntawm cov dej muab khaws cia tseg nyob rau hauv lub plawv system. Kev ua txhaum ntawm qhov ntsuas no yog tseem muaj los ntawm tus txiv neej.

colloidal stability

Colloid stability uas yog cai nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, kuj muaj nyob rau hauv lub physicochemical thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav. Physiology ntawm tus txheej txheem muab los ntawm co uas muaj protein ntau molecules.

Nyob rau lawv lub plhaub ions tam sim no hluav taws xob muab ob npaug rau txheej. Lawv tshwm sim tawm lub thiaj li hu ua nto peev xwm. Nws tej zaum kuj yuav tshwm sim los ntawm zawv zawg, uas yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub particle nto. Nws yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Qhov no txoj kev generates ib tug homogeneous nqi rau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv uas tus hais yog repelled.

Tej dab txiav txim seb tus stability ntawm colloidal kev daws teeb meem, tiv thaiv kom txhob tsim ntawm pawg ua ke. Lub siab dua lub peev xwm, lub zog lub protein hais raug muab tshem tawm los ntawm txhua lwm yam.

Degree of stability ntawm cov tshuaj no yog hu ua zeta peev xwm. Vim hais tias ntawm cov predominant ntshav theem ntawm tag nrho cov nqaijrog yog albumin, colloid stability nyob lom zem ntau rau lawv.

ncua kev kawm ntawv zoo

Kawm lub cev thiab tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog mus rau qhov zoo ntawm kev ncua. Lawv txuas mus rau lub stability ntawm cov nqaijrog nyob rau hauv ntshav. Cell units nquag yuav tsum tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv ncua kev kawm ntawv. Erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi (ESR) yog lub ntsiab txog kev paub ncua kev kawm ntawv thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav.

Qhov no kev ntsuam xyuas cov txheej txheem yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug taag volume ntawm cov ntshav. Albumin adsorbed rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov ntshav liab. Tshaj lawv noog ntau, qhov ntau paub ncua kev kawm ntawv muaj peev xwm.

Yog hais tias muaj zog theem ntawm globulins los yog lwm yam krupnomolekulyarnyh tsis ruaj tsis khov li cov nqaijrog, lub ESR yuav tau nce nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Raug tshem tawm cov khoom nyob rau tib lub sij hawm txo. Cov cai ntawm qhov ntsuas no rau cov txiv neej yog 5-11 hli / h, thaum lub sij hawm poj niam - 6-12 hli / h.

ntshav viscosity

Physico-tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav yog kawm nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm nws cov viscosity yam ntxwv. Lawv yog cov tseem ceeb tsis tsawg tshaj li lwm yam kev ntsuas.

Viscosity - muaj peev xwm ntawm ib co ntawm cov hais tus txheeb ze mus rau lwm yam los kom tiv thaiv lub zog vim kua kev sib txhuam. Qhov no nyuab txheej txheem ntawm kev sis raug zoo nyob rau hauv cov ntshav dej lwg me me colloids nyob rau hauv ib tes, tsim ntsiab thiab ntshav - nyob rau lwm yam.

ntshav viscosity rau no yog vim li cas hais tias txawv ho ntawm hais tias ntawm cov ntshav index. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab piv nrog rau kev hwm rau cov dej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntshav nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub viscosity ntawm 1.9-2.4 lub sij hawm ntau dua, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntshav - 5 lub sij hawm. Yog hais tias cov xov tooj ntawm cov ntshav liab qab, ib tug zuj zus tooj ntawm hematocrit, viscosity yuav tsub kom.

Ua lub viscosity

Hloov yog tau thiab khov tias characterize lub physicochemical thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav. Pathophysiology tshuaj xyuas tus txheej txheem no nyob rau hauv lub complex. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub nce nyob rau hauv cov ntshav liab, nws kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Qhov ntau dua qhov concentration therein ntawm macromolecular cov nqaijrog, ntau dua viscosity Performance index.

Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no yuav pab txo cov ntshav ncua kev kawm ntawv zoo. Yog hais tias cov ntshav liab tsim ib pawg, thiab lub viscosity yuav tsub kom.

Ntshav yog ib tug ua kev teeb tsa. Tej cov ntshav siab kuj yuav ua rau kom nws cov viscosity. Conversely, ib tug txo nyob rau hauv viscosity tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm siab siab. System structuring so. Yog hais tias cov hlab ntsha Taper rau 150 microns thiab tsawg, cov viscosity tsawg. Los ntawm no parameter nyob ntawm chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm tib neeg lub hlab plawv system.

kev hnyav

Cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub physicochemical thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav muaj feem xyuam rau lub lag luam ntawm txhua qhov system ntawm lub cev. Nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj tsim nyog los tuav thiab xws li ib tug parameter raws li kev nqus. Nws nyob rau ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm cov ntshav liab thiab cov qe ntshav liab muaj nyob rau hauv lawv.

ntshav muaj pes tsawg leeg, undoubtedly plays ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm. Lub ntsuas no yog qhov cov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov ntshav nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg laus 1,05-1,06. Nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej, cov xov tooj ntawm cov ntshav liab yog ntau dua, li ntawd, hauv daim duab lawv muaj me ntsis loj.

Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob uas muaj zog ya tsis los ntawm lub cev (e.g., nyob rau hauv huab cua kub, txhaws chav tsev), cov kev luj ntawm cov ntshav qab. Nyob rau hauv ntshav, qhov no daim duab yog qis dua hais tias ntawm cov ntshav liab. Yog li ntawd, thaum dej tsis yog ib qho kev nce rau hauv hematocrit. Yuav kom coj tus nqi rov qab mus rau li qub, lub hlwb xa ib lub teeb liab ntawm nqhis dej. Qhov no tso cai rau koj mus ua rau cov dej tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau ib tug kub hnub nws tsub kom qhov yuav tsum tau rau loj qhov ntau ntawm cov kua.

ntshav

Physico-tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav ntshav kuj tsim nyog ncauj lus kom ntxaws saib xyuas. Tsaug rau cov proteins uas muaj nyob hauv nws lub yam khoom uas yog nqa tawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev khiav dej num.

Ntshav regulates dej-ntsev metabolism, koom tes osmotic siab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau lub qub xeev kev kho mob. Vim oncotic siab nws muab tsim nyog qib ntawm homeostasis. Vim cov ntshav kuj txaus siab viscosity zog, coagulation, kev tiv thaiv kev khiav dej num.

Qhov no ib puag ncig yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv kev tswj cov theem ntawm acid-puag tshuav nyiaj li cas. Ntshav amino acids yog ib tug cia. Qhov no yuav qhia cov ntshav kom tau raws li lawv cov kev noj haus muaj nuj nqi. Cov ntshav yog thauj cov tshuaj hormones, fatty acids.

Lub physicochemical thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav, peb yuav to taub nws cov qhov tseem ceeb rau hauv lub cev. Tswj tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov kev tsim nyog qib yog tus yuam sij rau kev noj qab nyob thiab cov lag luam los ntawm tag nrho cov hlab plawv system. Txawm me ntsis variations nyob rau hauv qhov kev kawm thiab thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav ntshav nws muaj kev cuam tshuam tib neeg noj qab haus huv.

Yuav kom lub teeb liab lub cev yuav tsum tau mloog rau lawv tus kheej zoo. Yog hais tias tej yam no yog ib yam dab tsi rau lub qub hauj lwm ntawm lub circulatory system, ib tug neeg yuav xav tias unsatisfactory. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob nws yog tsim nyog los siv rau ib tug hematologist.