Phonetics ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus: "th" - tsiaj ntawv los yog cim suab?

Lub phonetic system ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus tsis tau hu ua ib qho yooj yim. Raws li nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab muaj lub suab ntawm niam thiab consonants. Tab sis los mus txiav txim uas yog uas yog tsis ib txwm intuitively zoo li sai tau: Piv txwv, uas hau lub suab "th" - tsiaj ntawv los yog ib tug cim? Nrog rau qhov no peb yuav tsum to taub nyob rau hauv kom meej hauv qab no.

Ntawv thiab suab

Thaum cov me nyuam pib kawm nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawv 1 cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov suab uas lawv tau tej zaum kuj yuam kev cov ntsiab lus. Txawm li cas los, cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov suab - sib txawv kiag li phonetic cov ntsiab lus uas. Cov tsab ntawv xa mus rau ib tug graphical icon. A suab - tias yog dab tsi uas peb hnov thiab hais lus. Rau txhua tsab ntawv muab tej suab uas lawv qhia hais tias, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, tiam sis yog tsis muaj direct resemblance nruab nrab ntawm lawv.

Transcription - ib txoj kev mus rau kis cov suab uas peb hnov txog cov tsab ntawv. Nrog nws facile mus taug qhov txawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov suab. Piv txwv li, muaj cov tsiaj ntawv, uas tsis tau tas lub suab: khoom point (b), thiab qhov muag kos npe rau (b). Lawv muaj nuj nqi - mus rau cov hloov hauv lub hardness los yog softness ntawm ib lub suab:

• mol - [mol] los yog tias - [tias].

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj yog ib tsab ntawv uas muaj peev xwm kis suab sib txawv: peb sau "cov mis nyuj", tab sis yog cov lus hais rau [effeminate]. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tib tsab ntawv muaj peev xwm kis ntau yam suab:

• kuv [may'o].

Nyob rau hauv view ntawm no sib tham txog tus tsiaj ntawv thiab cim cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov suab tsis nkaus muaj tseeb.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub suab

Qhov tseem kim heev kev faib suab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub mechanism ntawm lub suab kev kawm ntawv - yog lub division rau hauv consonants thiab niam. Qhov no yog thawj qhov uas koj yuav tsum tau tom tsev kawm ntawv ntawm ib zaj lus qhia. Suab thiab cov tsiaj ntawv, raws li peb tau pom - sib txawv tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov hais tias nws yog tsis ncaj ncees lawm mus hais "consonants thiab niam." Suab - uas yuav muaj xws li ib tug yam ntxwv.

Tej suab yog ua raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tus hais lus apparatus. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Yog li, lub cim suab yog tsim nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, lub vocal cords. Lawv yog cov "suab paj nruas" thiab muaj ib tug laus. Tsiaj ntawv suab yog tsim nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov hniav thiab tus nplaig, uas tsim ntau yam sib txawv txoj hauj lwm raws li lawv zoo dab tsi thaiv rau saum huab cua khiav, uas lub tsiaj ntawv suab yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm xub ntiag ntawm cov suab nrov.

Yuav kom to taub ib tug cim suab los yog ib tug tsiaj ntawv, nws tseem tau mus nqa tawm yooj yim xeem: yog hais tias lub suab yuav hu nkauj ib tug ntev, siv xwb nws lub suab - li ntawd, nws yog ib tug cim. Yog hais tias qhov no tsis ua hauj lwm - ces lub suab ntawm ib tug tsiaj ntawv.

Lavxias teb sab tsiaj ntawv ntawm 33 tsiaj ntawv. Lawv xa, rau simplicity, yog zwj ceeb division ntawm niam thiab consonants (21 consonants, 10 vowels thiab 2 tsis los - "v" thiab "b"), tab sis muaj ntau voiced phoneticians yog vim li cas saum toj no yog suav tias yog tsis yog. Suab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab 46. Ntawm lawv, 37 consonants thiab 6 niam.

Tsiaj ntawv suab ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus

Yog vim li cas yog nws hais tias cov consonants nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus ntau tshaj cov tsiaj ntawv? Xws li ib tug kom zoo dua yog tau nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, vim rau qhov tseeb hais tias ib tug tib tsab ntawv tej zaum yuav raug xa mus rau raws li ib tug mos mos suab thiab khoom:

• B - [B], [B] los yog B - [ib tug], [ib tug], thiab lwm yam ..

Cim suab ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus

Rau cov neeg uas yog xeb tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm, yam tsawg kawg xav yog vim li cas xws li ib tug sib txawv ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm niam thiab cov tsiaj ntawv. Ntawm no yog vim li cas yog hais tias ib co ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv xov ncaj qha rau lub ob lub suab. Piv txwv li, tsab ntawv "e" hau ob direct suab kis tau tus mob thiab yuav zoo li ib tug transcription [y'o].

Lub keeb kwm ntawm "th" tsab ntawv

Tam sim no hais tias peb muaj ib tug nyob ze saib cov yam ntxwv ntawm phonetics ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus, koj yuav mus ncaj qha rau lo lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi lub suab qhia "th" - tsiaj ntawv los yog cim.

Lo lus nug no muaj peev xwm poob ntsej muag txawm lub feem ntau txog tej tus neeg nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus. Qhov tseeb hais tias tsab ntawv "d" yog heev ib qho kev nthuav zaj dabneeg, thiab lub suab yam ntxwv ntawm [D '] nrog txawm nyob rau hauv kev kawm yam lus tau hloov lub sij hawm.

Piv txwv li, tsab ntawv "d" zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tsiaj ntawv tsuas yog tom qab ib tug txawv kho kom zoo nyob rau hauv 1918. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv cov lus, qhov twg nws yog tam sim no, peb siv lub uas tsis muaj tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj ntawv tsab ntawv «kuv».

Zaum tau ntev muaj teeb meem nrog lub ntsiab txhais ntawm ib tug cim los yog ib tug tsiaj ntawv [d ']. Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv ntau dictionaries, nws yog txhais raws li ib tug cim. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog nws zaj dab neeg. Qhov tseeb hais tias tsab ntawv «kuv» yuav tsum tau siv raws li nyob rau hauv cov lus, qhov twg peb tam sim no sau "i" (piv txwv li, lo lus "kev thaj yeeb" es tsis txhob "thiab"), raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv cov lus, qhov twg peb tam sim no sau "th" (piv txwv li nyob rau hauv "loj" lus es tsis txhob "th"). Thiab nyob rau hauv theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub phonetics ntawm cov suab yog suab tsis differentsiirovalis.

Tseem, "th" - tsiaj ntawv los yog cim suab?

Txij thaum ntawd los, lub pre-revolutionary phonetic science tau nce rau pem hauv ntej, thiab muaj cov tshiab rau kev faib tawm suab. Raws li sib tham saum toj no, cov feature ntawm lub tsiaj ntawv yog hais tias nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub suab nrov nrov, thiab nws tsim yog nquag koom tes nrog tus nplaig thiab cov hniav.

Yuav kom to taub li cas lub suab "th" - cim los yog tsiaj ntawv - sim mus rub nws. Yog hais tias koj sim hu zaj nkauj no, tsis muaj sim los hloov nws rau [thiab] peb yuav pom tias tsis muaj dab tsi tshwm sim.

Yog li, raws li niaj hnub qauv, [d] - kom meej meej tsiaj ntawv. Nws kuj yog tus unpaired (nws tsis muaj ib qho nyuaj thiab mos mos variations) thiab ringing (ringing suab - qhov no yog ib lub suab, tus tsim ntawm cov uas muab kev koom tes muaj ib lub suab thiab nrog rau nws kev qhia yuav muaj lub co, yog tias koj muab ib txhais tes rau nws lub caj pas).

Nws tej zaum yuav ruam tag hais tias ib co ntawv niam thaum transcribed yuav sib haum mus rau ob lub suab ib zaug, ib tug ntawm cov uas [D ']. Piv txwv li, "e" [y'o], "yu" [y'u], 'Kuv' [y'ya]. Qhov no yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav tsis meej pem. Cov ntawv no yog hu ua sau nyob rau hauv sau ntawv thiab xa sai li sai tau ob lub suab - consonants thiab niam. Cov tsab ntawv "e", "e", "w" thiab "kuv" yuav luag ib txwm sib haum mus rau lub suab sau nyob rau hauv sau ntawv. Tej suab feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov nram no qhov chaw: nyob rau thaum pib ntawm cov lo lus, tom qab lwm cim, tom qab qhov muag thiab nyuaj cim. Piv txwv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv nyob rau hauv lus sau nyob rau hauv sau ntawv:

• daim ntawv thov [zay'afka];
• mab [y'enot];
• Tsob ntoo [y'olka];
• chaw nyob [priy'ut];
• los daus loj [v'y'uga].

Thaum kawg nws yog muaj nqis mentioning uas lub suab "thiab ib tug nyuag" tsis muaj nyob, raws li yog lub npe ntawm tsab ntawv. Lub suab no yog hu ua tus "thib ob", thiab muaj lwm lub npe - "jod".