Philippics - dab tsi yog qhov no?

Philippics - ib tug fiery hais lus, ib tug tirade foom phem rau daim ntawv qhia. Qhov no lub sij hawm yog dabneeg txuam nrog ob tug tseem ceeb hais lus ntawm lub ancient ntiaj teb no - Demosthenes ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws thiab lub Roman Cicero.

Keeb kwm ntaub ntawv: Philip II

Ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab cim ntawm lub xyoo pua 4 BC, Aleksandr Makedonsky yog, tus uas nws yog sau ib tug ntau ntawm cov phau ntawv thiab ntau movies cia. Txawm li cas los, tsis muaj tsawg nrov yog nws tus txiv, Philip II (382-336 BC. E.), Leej twg kuj yog ib tug zoo tub rog thiab ib tug schemer. Macedonia koom rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj lub tebchaws ntawm lub Hellenic ceg av qab teb. Nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj, tus ciam teb nrog rau barbarians-Thracians, nyob ib me ntsis ntxiv frighteningly nyaum Persia. Thiab vim nws thaj txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub Macedonians tsim ib lub hom lus ntawm lub Greek lus, qhov twg muaj ntau barbarian lus.

Macedonia mas suav hais tias cov neeg pluag conventionally civilized lub xeev, thiab rov nws, tag nrho cov ntawm uas tsuas yog tsis tub nkeeg. Yog hais tias nws twb tsis yog overbearing Philip II, derived ntawm ib yam ntawm cov eminent Makadaunias kav cov vaj ntxwv, lub teb chaws yuav tau tsuas torn sib nrug heev. Thaum 23, nws tau los ua tus huab tais thiab yeej ib lub koob npe nrov raws li ib tug haib kav. Txoj hauj lwm nws muaj zog los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias los yeej muaj cov yuav pawg neeg thaj av Athens thaum ntxov, thiab sau ib tug haib pab tub rog, thiab nws pib mus tua nws cov neeg nyob ze.

Yuav ua li cas yog philippic?

Influential Athenian orator Demosthenes (384-322 BC. E.) Nrog tej mob siab thiab chim siab raug tus ua yeeb yam ntawm King Philip ntawm Macedonia, tus yeeb ncuab ntawm lub Athenian kev cai ywj pheej, li cas nws lub npe yog lub hauv paus rau lub renaming "protivomakedonskih" tshwm sim "diatribes". Cov no yog npau taws thiab diatribes. Qhov no lub npe tau attracted thiab tus naas ej Roman orator - Cicero hais tias nws incriminating has lug hab tiv thaiv Mark Antony , dhau lawm, lub npe hu ua "philippics".

Npau taws has lug hab ntawm Demosthenes

Lub ntsiab ntawm lub thawj yog ib tug fiery diatribes hu rau cov neeg Athenais los kom tiv thaiv. Demosthenes hais tias cov neeg Athenais yuav npaj txhij rau kev tsov kev rog, ua kom convince lawv hais tias lawv tau raug kev txom nyem vim hais tias yuam kev thiab incompetence ntawm tus huab tais Filippa Makedonskogo. Nws txwv rau kev siv ntawm mercenaries nyob rau hauv lub Athenian pab tub rog, thiab thov lub creation ntawm ib tug saj zawg zog tub rog quab yuam uas yuav nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv Macedonia thiab txwv Philip tus tub rog. Philippics - ib tug passionate thiab npau taws hais lus, uas muaj ib tug haib ntxim rau cov mloog. Cov loj tshaj plaws them nyiaj tawm tsam cov huab tais ntawm Macedon yog hais tias nws ua txhaum cov nqe lus ntawm kev thaj yeeb treaty 346 xyoo.

Cov tom ntej no (thib ob) philippic - nws yog ib lo lus teb rau ib tug tsausmuag nres ntawm Philip thiab nws pab nyob rau hauv lub Athenian phoojywg nroog. Nyob rau hauv lub thib peb npau taws hais lus Demosthenes thov rau tag nrho cov quab yuam ntawm nws hais lus zoo, nws demanded resolute txiav txim tawm tsam Philip thiab cov kev tsim maj ntawm lub zog los ntawm cov neeg Athenais cov kws cov neeg. Macedonia thiab Athens twb de facto belligerents. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas Filis yog tus thawj uas tsoo lub kaj siab lug.

Peb philippic - qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev nom kev tswv has lug hab ntawm Demosthenes, uas coj ib yam nkaus li cov feem ntau cov kev politician ntawm Athens thiab yog tus suzerain ntawm lub Athenian nom tswv scene, ib tug passionate thawj coj ntawm anti-Makadaunias faction, uas hu ua rau lub Athenian uprising tiv thaiv Philip.

Plaub philippic kuj ntaus nqi mus rau Demosthenes, qhia kev hu mus rau xa ib embassy mus Athens rau cov Pawxia, tab sis muaj ib co xav phem cais tsis hais txog nws cov authorship. Niaj hnub nimno Ozhegova phau ntawv txhais lus txhais cov tswvyim no raws li nram no: npau taws diatribe. Lub sij hawm tom qab siv xws Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv raws li Chernyshevsky, Turgenev, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Chekhov thiab lwm tus neeg.