Paul Antokolsky: biography thiab tej hauj lwm

Soviet kws sau paj lug Pavel Antokolsky, biography thiab creativity tsim nyog scrutiny, nws nyob ib tug ntev thiab heev nthuav lub neej. Nyob rau hauv nws nco tau revolutions, kev tsov kev rog, thwmsim nyob rau hauv kos duab, tus tsim ntawm Soviet ntaub ntawv. Antokolsky kwv huam - yog ib tug cus ciav, feemxyuam zaj dab neeg txog lub yaam puab paub ntawm lub kws sau paj lug, lub teb chaws lub neej, hais txog nws reflections.

keeb kwm

Lub rau hli ntuj 19, 1896 nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg yug Antokolskiy Pavel Grigorevich. Nws yog tus hlob ntawm plaub tug me nyuam thiab tsuas yog me nyuam tub. Nws txiv, ib tug zoo-paub, tab sis tsis yog tshwj xeeb kev vam meej tus kws lij choj, lossi ua cov kev npaj yuav ua li cas los hloov lawv lub neej rau qhov zoo. Tab sis nws ua hauj lwm rau feem ntau yog ib feem ntawm lub pab barrister, thiab nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm - ib tug petty ua hauj lwm hauv qhov sib txawv tsev. Tag nrho cov kev zov me nyuam pw rau ntawm lub xub pwg nyom ntawm tus niam. Tub lees paub grandnephew ntawm tus naas ej sculptor Marc Antokolsky, uas rau qee yam twg Pavlov tso artistic muaj peev xwm. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov tsev neeg muaj cov hauv paus hniav Yudais, nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub kws sau paj lug lub haiv neeg ua si tsis muaj lub luag hauj lwm.

thaum yau

Childhood Paul Antokolsky muaj nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, thiab thaum twg nws yog 8 xyoo, tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Moscow. Main hobby thaum yau, nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm Antokolsky twb yog nqus nrog xaum thiab watercolors. Nws nyiam kawm yog cov duab ntawm ib lub taub hau - kev rau 'Ruslan thiab Lyudmila' A. S. Pushkina. Tom qab ntawd muaj ib tug thib ob nyiam kawm - cov duab Ivana Groznogo, uas zoo li ib tug pej thuam ntawm nws yawg Antokolsky. Tsiv mus Moscow me nyuam tub nco qab txog zoo: tom qab cov twj ywm thiab majestic Petersburg Nws pom nws lub stocky, ua pa nrov thiab qias neeg. Tab sis nws maj mam accustomed mus rau Moscow thiab pib xav txog nws nws hometown. Cov kiv puag ncig ntawm 1905 tseem tiag tiag li tswv yim nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov me nyuam tub, tus txheem ntawm cov neeg thiab cov tub ceev xwm yuav tom qab ua ib tug ntawm cov ntxhais ntawm nws reflections.

kev kawm

Paul Antokolsky kawm ntawm Moscow High School, kawm tiav rau xyoo nyob rau hauv xyoo 1914. Kawm yog ib qho yooj yim rau nws, tab sis generated me ntsis tej yam txaus siab. Ib xyoo tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo los ntawm high school, Paul nkag mus hauv lub Moscow State University, kws qhia ntawv ntawm txoj cai lij choj. Twb tau nyob rau hauv thawj lub xyoo nws pom nyob rau hauv lub corridors ntawm lub Moscow State University rau Moss tsev nyob tshaj tawm ntawm ib tug txheej nyob rau hauv lub Student Drama Studio nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov Moscow Art Theatre lam los lub sij hawm ntawd pib lwm lub neej Antokolsky. Lub sij hawm twb turbulent, thiab ua cas Paul maj tso tseg nws lub tsev kawm ntawv cov kev tshawb fawb, ua ntej nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub revolutionary militia, tab sis thaum kawg rau lub studio, uas yog ua nce tseem ceeb heev rau nws.

ua yeeb yam

Tsev ua yeeb yam studio MSU coj lub ces me ntsis-paub tus thawj coj Yevgeny Vakhtangov yog mus rau nws thiab ntaus Paul Antokolsky. Nws biography hloov dramatically nrog lub advent ntawm cov ua yeeb yam, Paul thawj sim nws txhais tes nyob rau hauv sawv khoom siv tes ua, tab sis nws tej txuj ci yog tsis txaus. Thaum lub sij hawm peb lub xyoos ntawm txoj kev tshawb nyob rau hauv lub studio, uas muab rau hauv ib tug "yeeb yam neeg" Antokolsky sim nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tau theatrical professions, los ntawm ib tug scene editor rau tus thawj coj thiab screenwriter. Rau lub studio, nws sau peb ua, xws li "menyuam roj hmab Infanta" thiab "Betrothal nyob rau hauv ib tug npau suav." Nyob rau hauv 1919, nws tsiv kom deb ntawm lub Vakhtangov, tab sis tseem mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Moscow ua yeeb yam nyob qhov twg kom txog rau thaum nruab nrab 30 lub acting thawj coj. Tom qab ntawd, nws rov qab mus rau lub tsev ua yeeb Vakhtangov, nrog nws ua hauj lwm rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub Arbat. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus poj founder ntawm lub ua yeeb yam Antokolsky nws tus kheej thiab nyob rau hauv kev sib koom tes nrog rau lwm cov directors muab tso rau hauv ua. Nrog rau cov ua yeeb yam Vahtangova Pavel Grigorevich mus nyob ncig saib nyob rau hauv Sweden, Lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Fabkis. Cov mus ua si tau pab nws paub ntau ntxiv txog lub ntiaj teb no thiab nws tus kheej, nws yog paub txog nws tus kheej yog ib tug Soviet txiv neej. Tom qab ntawd impressions ntawm cov journeys yuav embodied nyob rau hauv nqe lus no, nyob rau hauv particular, nyob rau hauv phau ntawv ntawm lub "sab hnub poob". Tsev ua yeeb yam yeej ib txwm nyob ib qho tseem ceeb cov teeb meem ntawm lub neej rau Antokolsky txawm thaum nws xaiv ib tug txawv txoj kev.

paj huam

Nws thawj kwv huam Pavel Antokolsky sau nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, tab sis tiag no txoj hauj lwm nws tau koom. Nyob rau hauv 1920 nws yog mus ze zog mus rau ib pab pawg neeg ntawm Moscow sau ntawv uas sau nyob rau hauv lub Café paj huam rau Tverskaya Street. Muaj yog ib tug lub rooj sib tham nrog Antokolsky Bryusov, uas nyiam paj huam novice sau, thiab nyob rau hauv 1921 nws luam tawm nws thawj thawj hauj lwm. Bryusov yog tsis tsuas yog ib tug zoo heev kws sau paj lug, tab sis kuj yog ib tug zoo heev organizer, nyob rau hauv nws coj noj coj ua hloov zuj zuj poetic txawj koom haum nyob rau hauv Moscow, uas yog heev pab tau rau cov hluas Antokolsky. Ntawm no nws twb sib sau ua ke cov kev txawj thiab ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv nws lub hom phiaj. Cov thaum ntxov tej hauj lwm ntawm lub kws sau paj lug twb tag nrho ntawm romance thiab mob siab rau kev ua yeeb yam. Piv txwv li, cov paj huam "Fransua Viyon" thiab tus sau "Cim" kev npau suav thiab cwj pwm txawv ntawm cov ua yeeb yam. Tab sis maj mam acquires lyrics Antokolsky civil laus. Maj mam kom loj hlob, nrhiav nws tus kheej style thiab thematic kom pom tseeb ntawm tus sau.

Nyob rau hnub ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog Pavel Antokolsky xa ib daim ntawv thov mus koom lub Cov Qib ntawm cov Communist tog, los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd nyob rau hauv, nws hais tias, ib tug tshiab lub neej. Lub horrors ua tsov ua rog yog thawb tus cwj mem ntawm lub kws sau paj lug, nws sau heev nyob rau hauv cov xyoo. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus paj huam, nws tsim sketches, ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug tsov rog correspondent, mus rau pem hauv ntej nrog ib pab nraug seev thiab raws li ib tug journalist. Tom qab tsov rog Antokolsky tseem sau ntawv rau kev yam tseem ceeb, muaj cov phau ntawv ntawm cov kwv huam, "Lub zog ntawm lub teb chaws Nyab Laj", "Lub Poet thiab lub sij hawm", "Lub taleas ntawm bygone Xyoo", uas los ua ib tug qauv ntawm cov civil Soviet cov paj huam.

muaj tswv yim cuab yeej cuab tam

Thaum lub sij hawm nws ntev muaj tswv yim lub neej, Paul Antokolsky uas nws yees duab yog nyob rau hauv tej encyclopedia ntawm Soviet ntaub ntawv, tau sau cuaj phau ntawv ntawm paj huam, ib txhia cov kwv huam thiab luam tawm plaub collections ntawm cov khoom. Txhua phau ntawv ntawm lub kws sau paj lug - nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev ua hauj lwm, imbued nrog sib sib zog nqus cwj pwm txawv thiab kev xav ntawm tus neeg sau. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws creation yog Antokolsky paj huam "Tub", sau txog cov heroic kev tuag ntawm tus tuag nyob rau ntawm lub hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws tus tub. Cov paj huam tau coj thoob ntiaj teb koob meej mus rau lub kws sau paj lug thiab tus Stalin nqi zog. Undoubted paj yog tej hauj lwm sau nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub Fabkis revolutionary ntsuj plig: ib zaj paj huam ntawm Fransua Viyone, nyob rau hauv Commune, cov paj huam "Robespierre thiab cov Gorgon", "sans-culottes". Xeem sau los ntawm cov kwv huam, "Lub End ntawm lub xyoo pua" luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1977 thiab yog ib tug zoo ntawm summing up ntawm lub neej tshwm sim.

Translations

Paul Antokolsky feem ntau ntawm nws muaj tswv yim lub neej mob siab rau neeg txhais lus ua hauj lwm. Txawm nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub 30s Antokolsky mus xyuas tus muam republics - Armenia, Azerbaijan thiab Georgia - thiab yog xav nyob rau hauv lawv cov kab lis kev cai. Ces pib nws ua hauj lwm ntawm txhais lub teb chaws paj huam ntawm cov teb chaws mus rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus. Saum toj no tag nrho, nws yog koom nyob rau hauv neeg txhais lus nyob rau hauv lub 60s thiab 70s. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub tej hauj lwm ntawm Georgian, Ukrainian, Armenian thiab Azerbaijani paj huam, nws txo nws hwj ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Fabkis. Nyob rau hauv nws txhais cov lus lub caij nplooj zeeg collections "civil paj huam ntawm Fabkis", "Los ntawm Bernazhe rau Eluard" yuav tsum muaj anthology "Ob tug centuries ntawm paj huam nyob rau hauv Fabkis."

Tej lub neej

Cov kws sau paj lug nyob heev nplua nuj thiab muaj txoj sia ntev. Nws yog ib tug phooj ywg lug txhawb cov miv xws li Marina Tsvetaeva, K. Smionov, E. Dolmatovsky, Tikhonov, V. Kataev. Antokolsky twb sib yuav ob zaug. Thawj tus poj niam - Natalia Shcheglova - muab yug mus rau nws tus ntxhais Natalia thiab tus tub Vladimir, leej twg tuag nyob rau hauv 1942 nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej. Nws tom qab los ua ib tug neeg pleev kob thiab kuj sib yuav lub kws sau paj lug Leon toom. Antokolsky tus tub xeeb ntxwv Andrew los ua ib tug xib fwb ntawm physics, tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Brazil. Ob txhais tus poj niam - Zoya Konstantinovna Bazhanova - yog ib tug artist, tab sis nws lub neej tag nrho nplooj siab rau cov kev pab cuam ntawm nws tus txiv. Paul Antokolsky, nws tus poj niam, cov me nyuam thiab cov xeeb ntxwv tau yeej ib txwm tau txuam nrog lub ntsiab ua rau ntawm nws lub neej - paj huam. Lub tsev yog ib tug tiag tiag cult ntawm tus Xib Hwb. Qhov kawg ntawm lub neej Antokolsky tso nyob ib leeg, nws tus poj niam tuag lawm, kuv cov phooj ywg muaj ib tug lub neej. Nws siv feem ntau ntawm nws lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Poet tuag Lub kaum hli ntuj 9, 1978, nws yog faus nyob rau hauv lub toj ntxas nyob rau hauv Moscow Vostryakovsky.