Page keeb kwm ntawm lub ob ntiaj teb rog: ib tug tank sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Senno, Lub Xya hli ntuj 1941

Uas coj qhov chaw Lub Xya hli ntuj 6-10, 1941 sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Senno (Lepel los yog counterattack) tseem zoo tsis paub hais tias mus xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv, txawm hais tias lub xov tooj ntawm tso tsheb hlau luam muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv nws yog nyob rau ib tug scale piv rau lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Prokhorovka thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kursk. Raws li zoo li lwm yam kev ua ub no ntawm cov tub rog liab ntawm lub sij hawm, lub lag luam no yog lwm hai los mus nres lub German ua ntej thaum lub thawj zaug theem ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog. Lom zem ntau vim lub tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Soviet counterattack nyob rau hauv Belarus nws tseem muaj nyob undeservedly tsis tshua hais rov tsiv lub caij ntuj sov-lub caij nplooj zeeg phiaj los nqis tes nyob rau hauv 1941.

lag luam yam

Cov ntshav sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Senno yog qhov kawg los ntawm cov tub rog liab rau counterattack armored units. Tom qab lub sib ntaus sib tua twb mechanized Corps, thiab ntxiv dag zog mus txeeb cov teg num ntawm tus yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv 1941 cas mus tawm tsam infantry formations. Nws twb lub lim tiam thib ob ntawm tsov rog, thiab cov Germans tau twb dhau lawm 500 kilometers - ib nrab ntawm txoj kev los ntawm tus ciaj ciam mus Moscow. Thaum lub sib ntaus sib tua pib nyob rau hauv Senno, overwhelming offensive ntawm lub Wehrmacht twb tsiv rau pem hauv ntej kab mus rau lub Vitebsk thiab Orsha.

Lub siab hais kom ua ntawm lub German pab tub rog los ntawm heev thaum pib ntawm lub raug xaiv central seem ntawm lub Eastern Pem hauv ntej raws li lub ntsiab strike cov lus qhia ntawm lub Soviet Union. Muaj deployed Army Group "Center" - "South" thiab "North" rau ib co ntsuas nws surpassed qhov lwm ob pab pawg ua ke. German mechanized units muaj lub 2nd thiab 3rd tank pawg - tag nrho cov nyob rau ntawm lawv pov tseg tau 7 thiab 9 motorized armored pawg.

Xws li ib tug scale offensive tau mus siv qhov tob kev pab them nqi ib puag ncig thiab Soviet rog. Qhov ntawm lub Western Pem hauv ntej raug tseeb sai sai crushed. Los ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj 3, lub Germans crushed tus kawg twb hauj lwm ua ke kuj. Soviet losses twb loj loj - txog li ob-feem-peb ntawm lub hauv pem hauv ntej kev sib txuas. Txoj kev tawm ntawm "boiler" kev sib cais tseem 1 - 2 txhiab tus neeg. tag nrho cov heavy riam phom tau poob (aircraft, tso tsheb hlau luam, artillery). Txawb ub txawb txheej txheem ncaj qha ntawm txoj kev. Pem hauv ntej kom ua rau qhov no tsis ua hauj lwm twb puas tau raug ntes thiab tua (xws li General Dmitry Pavlov). Nyob rau hauv tej yam, thiab cov sib ntaus sib tua pib nyob rau hauv Senno. 1941 yog cov feem ntau txaus ntshai xyoo ntawm tus tsov rog, thiab tau npaj ib tug counteroffensive cog lus yuav tsis muaj tsawg loj heev ib tug tib neeg nqi taw tes ntawm view tshaj yav dhau los cov me nyuam no kom txhob muaj tus ua ntej ntawm lub Germans.

txoj kev npaj counterattack

Lub tswv yim ntawm Lepel counterattack yog mus tua rau lub tank units ntawm lub Wehrmacht ua ntej lawv twb mus koom infantry units, uas khiav los ntawm Minsk. Qhov kev npaj no yog muaj raws li ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb ua tub rog hauv paus ntsiab lus - smash tus yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv daim. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov kev ntawm cov thawj ob lub lim piam ntawm confrontation nrog lub Germans pom tias lub saw ntawm infantry kev sib cais muaj ib tug tank nres yog tsis tshua muaj inefficient. Yog li ntawd, nws nkawd cov zajlus kom coj pre-emptive tawm tsam rau lub sprawled Wehrmacht rog. Nws yog thiab yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ib tug sib ntaus sib tua zoo los ntawm Senno.

Lub Xya hli ntuj 1941 tsis yog tus phem tshaj ntawm lub sij hawm rau lub counter-offensive nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Feem ntau ntawm cov German rog tsis tsiv mus nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj - cov coj noj coj ntawm lub Wehrmacht nrhiav sai li sai tau rau kom lub Western Dvina. Nyob rau hauv lub band ntaus Soviet twb tsuas yog ob tug yeeb ncuab kev sib cais (17th thiab qib 7 Panzer), txawm tias lawv yog ib tug formidable quab yuam.

Nyob rau lub tswv yim sib ntaus sib tua

Nyob rau hauv lub yav tsaus ntuj nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 4, Semyon Timoshenko (uas nyob rau hauv no hnub lub commander ntawm lub Western Pem hauv ntej), thiab Leo Herman Malandin Mehlis pom zoo ib tug qhia hais tias cov neeg ua hauj lwm yog los npaj ib tug counterattack nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov kob thiab cov Senno. Qhov kawg taw tes ntawm lub offensive twb teem Lepel, uas muab lub npe ntawm lub lag luam. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv txee nyob rau hauv qhov kev npaj theem ntawm lub Western Pem hauv ntej daim ntawv qhia ua yuam kev loj heev. Nws twb wrongly soj ntsuam yeeb ncuab tuition kom meej meej pom lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Senno. Duab los ntawm lub epicenter ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua thaum lub sij hawm uas lub lag luam yog yuav luag ploj mus, tab sis ib tug tsis muaj peev xwm yuav to taub hais tias lub tebchaw ntawm lub Red Army ua tsis tau tejyam nws lub hom phiaj.

Hais kom ua ntawm lub Western Pem hauv ntej, hurry up nrog lub koom haum ntawm counter-nres no kuj vim lub sij hawm tau ua hauj lwm rau tus yeeb ncuab. Ib lub lim piam tom qab, tus German infantry kev sib cais, xaus cov ib puag ncig ntawm Minsk thiab Bialystok "boilers" tau los ze zog mus rau pem hauv ntej kab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov nqi koj tshuav ntawm lub hwj chim tau hloov cardinally. Nrog txhua dua hnub lub Red Army pom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nce nyuaj txoj hauj lwm, thiab ncua sij hawm ntawm txawm tias ib tug ob peb teev muaj nqis kim heev.

Npaj rau counter lub 7 mechanized Corps, txib los ntawm Vinogradov tsiv mus rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub Moscow tub rog District, lwm 24 ntawm lub rau hli ntuj. Tshuab rau ntawm tej log ntaus txoj kev nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej lub hwj chim, thiab tracked tsheb twb loaded rau railway platforms. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev mechanized Corps tau txais ob peb kev sib tw tshiab, raws li cov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv Belarus yog hloov ceev heev.

Qhov nqi koj tshuav ntawm rog

German 7 Panzer cov kev faib differed tsawg rau xws li ib tug txoj kev teeb tsa. Nws muaj 4 battalions. Cov nab npawb ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam yog ib cov ntaub ntawv rau tag nrho lub Eastern Pem hauv ntej - 265 tauj units, ntawm uas ob lub lim piam ntawm sib ntaus sib tua 25 tau ploj mus lawm. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub Soviet 7 mechanized Corps muaj ob zaug ua ntau lub tsheb.

Feem ntau ntawm cov chaw ua si German division muaj qauv Czech "Skoda" 1938 lawm. Cov khaub-ncaws nyias tso tsheb hlau luam muaj 37 hli phom thiab sau nrog rivets thiab bolts vaj tse nyob. Thaum koj ntaus ib tug yeeb ncuab plhaub, cov ntsiab tuaj tawm thiab raug mob cov neeg coob. Yog li ntawd hu ua "Skoda" kev txuj ci tseem ceeb tsis tshua muaj neeg yooj yim. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd lawv tseem teeb PZ-II. Lawv arming me me 20 mm cannon. Tam sim no Soviet qhov chaw HF thiab T-34. Specifications tso cai rau lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug shootout nrog lub aforementioned German qauv defuse no tag nrho cov chaw ua si, surpassing qhov tsawg kawg nkaus losses. Nws yog ib qhov kev sib ntaus nyob rau ntawm nws daim duab pom qhov artist Nikolai Nazarchuk. "Lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Senno" Belarusian artist los ua ib qho ntawm feem coj lus piv txwv txog tus sib ntaus sib tua.

Artillery thiab infantry

Lub tank kev sib cais tso tsheb hlau luam yog "hmuv point", tab sis tej tsim yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub "flagstaff" - infantry thiab artillery. Dab tsi yog qhov mob ntawm cov chaw nyob rau hauv lub German sib cais no? Artillery tso kom muaj kab muaj kev muaj 36 phom - feem ntau howitzers thiab ib tug ob peb phom. Cov nuj nqis twb ntau npaum li cas coj tus tshaj lub soviets. Lub ob tank kev sib cais twb yuav luag ib puas phom. Ib yam li ntawd, qhov ratio yog nyob rau hauv lub infantry: 15 infantry battalions ntawm lub Red Army tiv thaiv cov Wehrmacht ntawm 4.

Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm tshwm sim ntawm lub 7 mechanized Corps Soviet txog zauv kom zoo dua yog ob-fold, thaum lub sis thib 5 ntawd mechanized Corps ntawm xya-yim lub sij hawm. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm tso tsheb hlau luam tom qab los ua ib tug caij nyoog rau muab piv rau cov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Senno Prokhorovsky tus naas ej sib ntaus sib tua thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kursk nyob rau hauv 1943.

5 mechanized Corps muaj nyob rau hauv lawv cov cim qauv - ob ntxiv artillery tso kom muaj kab muaj kev raug txuas mus rau nws. Cov chaw muab los ntawm lub zeem cia cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub Western Pem hauv ntej. Lawv kuj hu ua qauv mov artillery tso kom muaj kab muaj kev. Ib qho tseem ceeb feature ntawm cov pab pawg yog tus xub ntiag ntawm heavy-howitzer phom 122-hli thiab 152-hli caliber. Lawv tsim tsis tsuas zauv, tab sis kuj zoo superiority tshaj tus yeeb ncuab artillery.

Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Senno yuav mus sai, yog hais tias tus Germans tau tshuav nyob rau hauv Borisov nws ob tug motorized infantry battalion, ib tug tank battalion thiab cov antitank battalion. Cov daim raug sab laug mus zov lub leeg ib qho tseem ceeb hla ntawm lub Berezina. Cov units nyob rau hauv Senno tsuas yog nyob rau Lub Xya hli ntuj 7, kom txhob muaj cov zauv superiority sis thib 5 ntawd mechanized Corps rau ob npaug.

pib counter

Lub Xya hli ntuj 5, 1941 pib npaj rau lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Senno. 14th Panzer cov kev faib thiab lub 7 mechanized Corps ua ib tug 40-mais peb hlis ntuj thiab nyob rau hauv lub pib txoj hauj lwm rau lub npaj counter-nres. Qhov no yog lub cheeb tsam Ostrovno - Gnezdilovichi - SVETOGOR 10 kilometers sab hnub tuaj Chernogostnitsa River. Lwm 18th Panzer cov kev faib nws me ntsis qeeb. Los ntawm tav su hnub tom ntej, nws teem rau ob tog ntawm tus dej Obolyanka. 5 mechanized Corps coj li txaus qhia nyob rau hauv koog tsev kawm ntawv Orsha.

Lub Xya hli ntuj 6 sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Senno nkag mus hauv ib tug active theem. Thaum muaj 14 Panzer ob units (uas muaj nyob rau hauv txhua txhua lub tuam txhab uas tso tsheb hlau luam thiab battalion infantry) raug tsim. Cov tebchaw tau sim yuam Chernogostnitsu thiab nyob twj ywm rau hauv lub sab hnub poob ntawm tus dej. Ib unit tau muaj kev tswj kom khaws ib tug me me bridgehead nyob ib ncig ntawm Sarraut pas dej. Thaum lub sij hawm no, cov rog ntawm lub 18th Panzer cov kev faib mus txog rau sab hnub tuaj tuaj txog pem ntwg Senno thiab muaj nkag mus hauv ib tug nyuaj sib ntaus sib tua nrog rau cov Germans. Nyob rau hauv lub yav tsaus ntuj, tus yeeb ncuab twb ntiab tawm ntawm lub nroog. Nyob rau hauv no sector ntawm pem hauv ntej, Soviet troops mus nyob rau hauv cov kev tiv thaiv. Nws yog lawv tsuas muaj kev vam meej rau qhov ntev ntawm lub lag luam.

kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev pab them nqi

Lub Xya hli ntuj 7 tank sib ntaus sib tua txuas ntxiv nyob rau hauv Senno. Tag nrho cov yav tas los hmo ntuj los ntawm Soviet cov tub rog nyob rau hla npaj Chernogostnitse. Nyob rau thaum sawv ntxov ntawm 14th Panzer cov kev faib tsiv lawv mus rau lub thaj bank ntawm tus dej qhov tseem ceeb. Promotion bogged tom qab 4 kilometers. Tso Tsheb Hlau Luam yuav ntsib nrog lub ntsiab rog ntawm lub 7 Panzer Division. Soviet twb kev txuas raug kev txom nyem hnyav losses thiab retreated rau tus thawj sab hnub tuaj ntug dej. Lawv ces rov qab mus rau lub insular thiab pib qhov kev khiav tawm ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv uas yog ib feem.

Meanwhile, lub Germans launched ib tug offensive los ntawm lub sab qaum teb ntawm Senno, qhov twg tiv thaiv 18th Panzer Division. Red Army sab laug lub nroog los ntawm tav su rau Lub Xya hli ntuj 8. Thaum lub sij hawm no, sis thib 5 ntawd mechanized Corps coj ib tug tsiv sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam, 20 kilometers sab qab teb ntawm Senno. Nws muaj kev tswj los mus ua txhaum lub German kem, tab sis lub tom ntej counterattack rov qab los rau cov txheej xwm quo.

Lub Xya hli ntuj 9 14th thiab 18th Panzer cov kev faib thau mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntug dej Obolyanka. Lub Germans yuav los ntawm Senno pib nce mus rau lub motorway mus Smolensk. 10 ntawm ua ntej units nkag mus hauv Oboltsy. Los ntawm tav su, lub Germans dhau lub 40 kilometers thiab mus txog txoj kev loj, 30 kilometers sab hnub poob ntawm Orsha. Lub Soviet sis thib 5 ntawd mechanized Corps tau ntsib nrog cov kev hem thawj ntawm tag nrho encirclement. Nws hais kom ua txiav txim siab mus Retreat, raws li cov seem uas armored pawg.

Tau thiab yog vim li cas tsis ua hauj lwm

Yog li, lub tank sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Senno rau lub Soviet pab tub rog tuaj mus tsis muaj dab tsi. Cov tub rog tsis txaus siab ib yam ntawm lawv paub tab. Yuav tsis mus ib nrab txoj kev uas yuav Lepel. Raws li rau lub hom phiaj lub ntsiab tshuab tau muaj ntaub ntawv rau lub flank ntawm Polotsk German pab pawg neeg, tab sis nws tsis ua nuj tej losses - kom txog rau thaum nws tsuas yog tsis mus txog. Rau ib daim ntawv qhia txog lub lim tiam cov sib ntaus sib tua tau poob nyob ib ncig ntawm 70% ntawm cov khoom siv. Remnants ntawm tank kev sib cais poob lawv sib ntaus sib tua muaj peev xwm thiab tom qab txuas ntxiv mus rau yob rau sab hnub tuaj, kom txog thaum lawv thaum kawg zoo mus rau hauv lub "lauj kaub" nyob ze Smolensk.

Yuav ua li cas yog vim li cas rau qhov no tsis ua hauj lwm? Lub Xya hli ntuj 17, 1914 nyob ze lub zos Liozno nyob rau hauv Vitebsk neeg raug txim raug coj thawj lieutenant Yakov Dzhugashvili - tus tub ntawm Iosifa Stalina. Thaum lub sij hawm lub interrogation, nws tsis yws hlo li hais txog qhov txaus ntshai cua nres los ntawm German Junkers. Cov tib saib yog advocated nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm commanders nyob rau hauv Moscow. Tom qab ntawd nws migrated rau lub Soviet historiography thiab tau ntev raug suav hais tias immutable tseeb. Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau cov uas tau poob rau lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Senno, xam destructional thiab ubiquitous German aviation, los ntawm thaum sawv ntxov mus txog rau thaum hmo ntuj thiab swooped valivshuyu bombs rau lub Red Army.

Txawm li cas los, cov kev muaj tiag yog ntau npaum li cas complex. Nws cuam tshuam lub cev tsis muaj commanders maneuver thiab tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas lus nruab nrab ntawm cov ntau yam pab pawg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov tub rog liab cia li tsis muaj qhov kev paub ntawm kev xws loj-scale ua hauj lwm, thaum lub sij hawm Wehrmacht tuaj rau lub Soviet Union, lawv twb muaj ntau victories nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe. Tag nrho cov no ua puas lej thiab zoo superiority ntawm Soviet pab tub rog.

State hais kom ua qauv tau undermined tom qab tsis ntev los no tsuj. Feem ntau ntawm cov tej tub rog, yav tas los nrog rau cov pej xeem ua tsov ua rog, raug tua los yog zaum nyob rau hauv lub camps. Qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau yuav ua li cas lub sib ntaus sib tua yog tshaj los ntawm Senno. Lub txim ntawm mus ceev thiab phem kev txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv tus thawj theem ntawm tsov rog twb reflected nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm setbacks nyob rau Western Pem hauv ntej. Qhov no sib tau kis tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Lepel counter-nres, tab sis kuj rau tag nrho cov 1941 phiaj los nqis tes.

tsis

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm poob ntawm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Senno nyob rau hauv 1941 corresponded rau cov raug proportions ntawm tsov rog. Lub Germans poob txog 1 tua 4 raug mob (tag nrho cov losses li cas 468 cov neeg). Nws twb ploj lawm txog 50 units ntawm cov khoom (tso tsheb hlau luam). Qhov loj tshaj losses tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua nrog sis thib 5 ntawd mechanized Corps Senno txog 7 - 9 Lub Xya hli ntuj.

Tag nrho lwm cov nuj nqis twb nyob rau hauv Soviet pab tub rog. Qib 5 thiab qib 7 mechanized Corps tau poob yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm nws cov tso tsheb hlau luam (ib tug tag nrho ntawm ntau tshaj 1000 units, uas yog hais txog 20 sij hawm ntau tshaj hais tias ntawm lub yeeb ncuab). Txawm niaj hnub no, historians raws nraim tsis mus nrhiav seb yog dab tsi tshwm sim rau cov uas txheej txheem. Cov nuj nqis, uas poob mus rau hauv lub Red Army hais kom ua cov ntawv qhia feem ntau tsis sib haum mus rau kev muaj tiag, thiab vim hais tias ntawm no lawv yuav tsis raug txo mus rau lub German cov ntaub ntawv.

Txawm li cas los, cia li paub hais tias thaum ua tiav tank sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Senno 1941, lub 18th Armored cov kev faib tsis muaj ib lub ntawm cov 220 tso tsheb hlau luam, 14th - ostalos14 tso tsheb hlau luam, 13th 5 tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm 393. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub zoo dua qhov teeb meem no yog nrog lub tsheb. Piv txwv li, lub 14th Division tshuav 34 lub tsheb thiab 475 freight tsheb, raws li zoo raws li 56 benzotsistern.

Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov lus tseeb

Tej poob ntawm Soviet rog, raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm German, nyob rau hauv tag nrho raws li cov kev proportions tsis ncaj ncees lawm rau lub USSR, 1941. Piv txwv li, raws li official ntawv qhia thaum lub sij hawm uas tib 14-Panzer cov kev faib tua 193 tus neeg, raug mob 359, thiab ntau tshaj 3 txhiab tus neeg tau qhia uas ploj lawm. Txawm li cas los, cov nuj nqis no questionable niaj hnub no. Lawv ncauj fact tias nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 25 armed tso kom muaj kab muaj kev tsuas yog 552 me me caj npab (phom), whereas raws li hauv daim ntawv qhia tsis replenishment nyob rau hauv lub zoo ibyam yog nyob twj ywm rau ntau tshaj 5 txhiab tus neeg.

Enormous kis ntawm ib tug lub siab xav mus coj formations yuav tau piav los ntawm qhov tseeb thiab los ntawm cov ntawv qhia nkaum thiab retouch lawv failures ua ntej cov tub ceev xwm. Thaum thawj zaug rau theem ntawm tsov rog xws dab neeg twb commonplace. Nws yog tsis muaj kev zam, thiab cov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Senno. Lub losses ntawm lub Red Army thiab cov Wehrmacht nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub twb incommensurable, thiab hais tias qhov no daim duab feem ntau kom meej meej qha cov teeb meem ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog.