Ontology - philosophical science ntawm kev ua ib tug neeg thiab zej zog raws li ib tug tag nrho.

Los ntawm cov nyuam, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov neeg uas tsis yog kev philosophers thiab deb ntawm no science tej zaum yuav tsis to taub hais tias kawm lub ontology thiab hais tias qhov no yog tag nrho rau science. Yog li ntawd nyuab thiab ruam tag nws yazyk.No nyob rau hauv philosophical sciences, uas muaj peev xwm yuav ntaus nqi mus rau xws disciplines li ontology, nws yog tsis yooj yim dua. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, txhua txhua philosopher insists rau nws to taub txog lub cev, nws tshawb pom feem ntau uas raug nqi ntau tus so. Peb ntxiv tias philosophers lawv tus kheej debating seb puas muaj tej yam kev pab los ntawm ontologii.Chto feem ntau to taub los ntawm ib tug ontology? Qhov kev kawm ntawm ua, hais txog beings, nyob mus ib txhis, ntawm cov feem ntau paub daws teeb thiab dav dav ntawm kev ua, tsis, yeej tsis hloov li thiab t.d.Chto kev tshawb fawb ontology? Yog hais tias ontos nyob rau hauv Greek - hais tias, ntawm ontology yog qhov kev kawm ntawm uas tshwm sim? Nws nkawd hais tias txhua yam yog yooj yim. Tab sis yog nws tau qhia hais tias yuav cov kev kawm ntawm science los ntawm nws lub npe?

Nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv ntawm philosophy ontology nws yog ib ceg ntawm philosophy, xaiv cov general, los ntawm tus neeg independent, tej ntsiab cai thiab cov me nyuam yaus ntawm lub neej. Qhov ntawd txhais li cas? Yuav ua li cas yog ua? Yuav ua li cas nws yuav ua tau universal hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab cov me nyuam yaus? Yuav ua li cas lawv yuav tsis nyob ntawm seb ib tug neeg? Thiab yog dab tsi nws txhais tau hais tias muaj nyob los yog yuav tsum tau? Kuv xav tias hais tias tag nrho taw tes yog hais tias tsis muaj ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws ontology kev tshawb fawb kev kawm, uas yog, tsis muaj ib lo lus teb rau lo lus nug "ua li cas yog kev kawm ontology?", Yog tsis muaj cov tshuaj ntsuam lub ntsiab cai uas paub qhov txawv nws los ntawm lwm qhov chaw ntawm kev txawj ntse, tej ontology txhais nws yuav tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ib co ntawm cov meaningless lus, tsis muaj ntau tshaj li qhia nws tus kheej lub tswv yim avtora.No nyob rau hauv luv luv no tsab xov xwm peb tsis tau muab tso xws li ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm. Yog li ntawd peb kaw peb tus kheej rau ntau dua los yog tsawg tus official taw tes ntawm view.

Ontology - ib tug ceg ntawm philosophy uas kawm hais tias. Nyob rau hauv lub classic kev txiav txim zoo ntawm ib tug ontology yog ib tug paub txog cov kev tsis tshua muaj neeg obschem.Odnim ntawm lub ntsiab teeb meem yog cov ontology: yog lub ntsiab tswvyim ntawm no science: siab, lub zog, lub sij hawm, qhov chaw, daim ntawv ntawm cov hav zoov (existential, zoo meej, cov ntaub ntawv uas) zog struktura.Takim txoj kev ontology yog ua nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau kev txoj kev mus rau piav qhia txog lub ntug ntawm uas twb muaj lawm, tsis yog tas rau cov kev sciences, thiab tej zaum yuav tsis reducible rau nim.Voprosy teem ontology - ib tug heev thaum ub lub ntsiab ntawm lub tswv yim, uas hnub rov qab mus rau Parmenides thiab lwm yam dos okratikam. Ib qho tseem ceeb pab rau txoj kev loj hlob foundations ntawm ontology tswvcuab Aristotle thiab Plato.

Lub philosophy ntawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog lub hauv paus ontological teeb meem ntawd, seb puas muaj cov paub daws teeb khoom (universals) .Nyob rau hauv philosophy ntawm lub XX xyoo pua ontological teeb meem tshwj xeeb koom nyob rau hauv cov nram no philosophers :. Nikolay Gartman, Martin Heidegger, thiab lwm tus neeg nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub philosophy ntawm tshwj xeeb kev txaus siab ontology teeb meem soznaniya.Chto kev tshawb fawb ontology Main? qhov kev kawm ntawm no science yog txhais raws li kev sib sau thiab tiav ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm kev muaj tiag: lub hom phiaj, virtual, kev sib raug zoo, kev xav, peb feeb fizicheskoy.Realnost nyob qib qub nrog teeb meem (cov ntaub ntawv uas lub ntiaj teb no) thiab ntsuj plig (lub ntuj ntsuj plig, xws li cov kev xav ntawm tus ntsuj plig, Vajtswv) thiab sib faib (materialists) rau ib tug nyob, kov thiab kev ntaub (uas entails formalism thiab saib tus neeg raws li mus rau ua saib tsis taus txiv neej nyob rau hauv general). los ntawm kev ua qhov tseeb hais tias koj yuav tau xav seb. Nws rov qab - lub unthinkable tsis muaj dab tsi, raws li zoo raws li (nyob rau hauv lub Aristotelian philosophy) tseem-tsis-ua ib tug ploj. Nyob rau hauv lub dhau los xyoo pua existentialism thiab phenomenology raug txheeb xyuas tias yog nrog tus txiv neej raws li lub xwb beings uas muaj peev xwm xav thiab nug cov lus nug ntawm cov hav zoov.

Txawm li cas los, lub classical metaphysics ntawm tab tom to taub los ntawm Vajtswv. Cov neeg zoo li ua, muaj lub siab nyiam thiab svobodoy.Sotsialnaya ontology - cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm cov haiv neeg. Nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub txhais lus - cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm cov haiv neeg, uas muaj xws li qhia txog tus txiv neej, hais txog cov tib neeg, sib xyaw nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej-qhia.