Muaj pes tsawg tus neeg nyob rau hauv Russia? Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Russia. Russia: chaw uas zoo heev, pejxeem

Muaj pes tsawg tus neeg nyob rau hauv Russia? Tseeb qhov teeb meem no yog kev txaus siab rau feem ntau ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm peb lub tebchaws. Raws li Rosstat, txij li lub Peb Hlis 30, 2014, cov neeg uas nyob ruaj ruaj ntawm Lavxias Federation tau 146,019,512 tus neeg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, rau caum-tsib feem pua ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws Europe, muaj tsawg dua li kaum yim feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov chaw, uas cov pejxeem ntawm Central Russia muaj txog 30 feem pua. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias cov neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov pejxeem yog sib npaug heev. Raws li ntawm 2014 tus pej xeem ceev yog 8.4 neeg. Ib cov square kilometer. Hauv cov nroog muaj 73.86 feem pua ntawm txhua tus neeg nyob (cov ntaub ntawv rau xyoo 2013).

Kev Xam Nyiaj

Nyob hauv tebchaws Asmeskas Tebchaws Asmelikas, thawj zaug kev soj ntsuam tau ua tiav xyoo 1897, nws qhia tias cov pejxeem (nyob rau tam sim no ciam teb) yog 67 lab 473 txhiab leej. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation, cov pejxeem puab muaj kev saib xyuas txhua zaus. Kev txheeb cais ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm Russia raug khaws cia los ntawm kev siv nyiaj tam sim no ntawm kev txav mus los ntawm Rosstat thiab nws cov territorial lub cev, thiab cov pej xeem cov npe chaw ua haujlwm; Kev sau npe tam sim no ntawm kev tsiv tsiv tsiv, ua tiav thaum tuaj txog los ntawm chaw ua hauj lwm passport. Tab sis, qhov tseeb, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev suav neeg yog qhov kev pom zoo. Qhov kawg suav pej xeem ntawm cov neeg pej xeem Lavxias tau ua tiav rau xyoo 2010. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus account tam sim no nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, cia txhua lub sij hawm los ntsuam xyuas qhov teeb meem ntawm pej xeem hauv xeev.

Lub teb chaws muaj pes tsawg leeg

Txoj Cai Lij Choj hais tias Russia yog ntau lub tebchaws. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau tshaj li ib puas thiab yim caum tus neeg nyob hauv nws qhov chaw uas zoo tshaj plaws. Cov pejxeem ntawm Lavxias tebchaw (raws li cov pej xeem xyoo 2010) yog 77.71 feem pua ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv zos (111 lab tawm ntawm 142,9 lab tus tib neeg). Cov neeg ntawm lwm haiv neeg, nrog rau cov neeg uas tsis tau qhia lub tebchaws ntawm tus neeg, tsim kom muaj (raws li xyoo 2010) uas tsawg tshaj li 22.2 feem pua ntawm cov pejxeem (31,8 lab). Rau qhov sib piv, cia peb muab cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yav dhau los ua hauv xyoo 2002. Tom qab ntawd cov txheeb cais ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Russia los ntawm lub teb chaws muaj pes tsawg leeg txawv me ntsis. Cov pej xeem Lavxias muaj 115,9 lab (79.83%), neeg lwm haiv neeg thiab 29.3 lab (20.2%) uas tsis qhia txog tus neeg ntawm lub tebchaws. Cov pej xeem Lavxias teb sab heev tsis ncaj rau thoob plaws hauv cheeb tsam. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv tej cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws li Dagestan, Chechnya, Ingushetia, tus naj npawb ntawm Russians yog tsawg tshaj li tsib feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem.

Cov lus

Ntau tshaj ib puas yam lus thiab dialects teej tug mus rau lub Altai, lub Urals, lub Indo-European lus tsev neeg, Paleo-Asiatic thiab Caucasian lus pab pawg neeg hais nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Russia nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tsuas yog muaj ib hom lus - Lavxias (Tshooj 68 ntawm kevcai). Nws yog ib tug neeg ntawm ib puas thiab peb caug lab tus neeg, uas yog kwv yees li 92% ntawm cov pejxeem. Cov lus tshaj li uas hais ua lus Nyablaj, tsis hais lus Lavxias, Belarusian, Ossetian, Armenian, German (muaj tsev neeg Indo-European), Chuvash, Bashkir, Tatar (uas yog lub tsev Altai), Mari, Erzya, Udmurt (koom rau tsev neeg Ural), Avarian Chechen, Dargin (xa mus rau lub Northeast Caucasian lus), Kabardino-Cherkessia (belongs rau lub Abkhaz-Adyghe tsev neeg).

Koom pheej uas tus Lavxias teb sab Federation yuav tsum muaj txoj cai mus nrhiav kom tau lawv tus kheej official lus. Piv txwv li, hauv Karachaevo-Cherkessia, ntxiv rau Lavxias teb sab, lub xeev cov txheej xwm tseem yog Karachai, Abazin, Circassian, Nogai hom lus. UNESCO pom zoo nyob rau hauv 2009 ib puas thiab peb caug-6 lus siv nyob rau hauv Russia, uas yog nyob rau theem ntawm disappearance.

Kev ntseeg

Lavxias teb sab Federation yog ib lub ntiaj teb secular. Txoj kevcai tswjfwm tau txais kev ywj pheej ntawm kev ntseeg rau cov pej xeem: nws muab lawv txoj cai los teev cov kev cai dab qhuas los yog tsis pub leej twg paub, thiab xaiv dawb thiab tshaj tawm lawv txoj kev ntseeg. Cov kev cai dab qhuas ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm Russia tseem muaj ntau hom, zoo li lub tebchaws. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws muaj nyob Christians thiab Muslims, Jews thiab Buddhists. Muaj pagans thiab ntseeg Vajtswv. Feem ntau cov pejxeem xav txog lawv tus kheej Orthodox. Feem ntau, cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm nyob rau hauv kev cai dab qhuas ntawm kev ntseeg tsis raug kho. Cov lus nug txog kev ntseeg yog tsa rau lub sijhawm kawg hauv xyoo 1937. Raws li cov chaw xaiv tsa ntawm Pawg-Pom Kev Pom Kev Ntseeg Tag Nrhav Tsoomfwv Tagnrho, Tsawg tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Lavxias tebchaw suav lawv cov ntseeg, uas tsuas yog kaum feem pua tsis tuaj yeem mus koom lub koom txoos thiab saib txhua kab ke thiab kev ua yeeb yam. Thiab cov seem ntawm plaub caug-peb feem pua tuaj koom lub koom txoos tsuas yog cov hnub caiv thiab kev ua yeeb yam xwb, lawv tsis ua raws li kev cai rituals. Ib feem peb ntawm cov neeg teb (peb caug-ib feem pua) lees tias Vajtswv muaj nyob, tiam sis tsis txaus siab rau lub koom txoos lub neej. Kwv yees li ntawm rau feem pua ntawm cov neeg teb tuaj yeem ntseeg Vajtswv, thiab yim feem pua tseem tsis xav txog kev xav txog kev ntseeg.

Russia: chaw uas zoo heev, pejxeem

Lub sawb tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib hais haum yog daim duab peb sab, lub ncov sab qaum teb ntawm St. Petersburg, sab qab teb yog Sochi, thiab sab hnub tuaj yog Irkutsk. Mus rau sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub daim duab peb sab yog cov suab puam thiab semi-suab puam, rau sab qaum teb - lub cheeb tsam ntawm permafrost thiab taiga. Hais txog tias muaj pes tsawg tus neeg nyob hauv teb chaws Russia, peb twb tau sau tseg tias feem ntau ntawm cov pejxeem nyob hauv plawv nroog. Nyob rau hauv Siberia, thaj tsam ntawm thaj tsam ntawm yuav luag peb-quarters ntawm tag nrho cov ib ncig, tsawg tshaj li nees nkaum feem pua ntawm cov neeg nyob. Nroog cov pejxeem ntawm Russia yog cov tseem ceeb nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov European sab (ntawm Moscow mus rau Ufa) thiab nyob rau sab qab teb (ntawm Sochi mus rau Derbent).

Nyob rau sab Hnub Poob thiab Siberia, feem ntau ntawm cov pejxeem yog nyob raws li Trans-Siberian Railway. Nyob rau hauv no ib feem ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm Lavxias lub zos yog sawv cev los ntawm cov neeg nyob ntawm Novosibirsk, Omsk, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Vladivostok, Khabarovsk. Tseem muaj coob tus neeg nyob hauv thaj tsam Kuzbass. Raws li xyoo 2012, nyob rau hauv Lavxias Federation muaj kaum tsib lub nroog nrog ib plhom leej neeg (nrog rau cov pej xeem ntawm ntau tshaj ib lab). Qhov no yog Moscow, St. Petersburg, Ekaterinburg, Samara, Novosibirsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Chelyabinsk, Rostov-on-Don, Kazan, Omsk, Perm, Ufa, Krasnoyarsk, Volgograd, Voronezh. Mus rau qhov loj tshaj plaws settlements, cov thiaj li hu sub-millionaires, nyob rau hauv uas tus naj npawb ntawm inhabitants tau tsis tau mus txog ib lab, yog tseem ntaus nqi rau Krasnodar, Saratov thiab Togliatti. Cov pejxeem ntawm Lavxias lub zos, uas muaj npe saum toj no, yuav luag txhua lub quarter rau tag nrho (nees nkaum ob feem pua). Nyob rau hauv puas caum tsib chaw ntawm lub teb chaws (raws li 2012) nyob ntau tshaj li ib puas txhiab tus neeg.

Population ntawm Russia los ntawm lub xyoo

Nws tsis pub leejtwg paub tias nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo dhau los, muaj ib qho teeb meem nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 2013 qhov teeb meem no tau zoo, thiab tag nrho cov teb chaws twb cim los ntawm lub ntuj kev nce ntawm cov pejxeem. Txog tias muaj pes tsawg tus neeg nyob rau hauv Russia tam sim no, peb twb hais. Tam sim no cia saib seb qhov teeb meem tau hloov li cas rau ob peb lub xyoo dhau los.

2006

Raws li Rosstat, xyoo 2006, 1 lab 496.6 txhiab tus neeg tau yug nyob rau teb chaws Russia (22,2 txhiab tshaj ntawm xyoo dhau los), 2 lab 166.7 txhiab leej tuag (los ntawm 137,2,000 tsawg dua nyob rau hauv Xyoo dhau los). Yog li, tus nqi yug me nyuam yog 10.4, thiab qhov tuag npaum li cas yog 15.2. Qhov poob ntawm cov pejxeem - 687,1 txhiab tus neeg, uas yog 159,5 thooj tsawg dua nyob rau hauv 2005. Nrog noj mus rau hauv tus account lub tsiv teb tsaws kev loj hlob zuag qhia tag nrho poob li cas 532,6 txhiab tus neeg. Thaum lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv kev ntsuam xyuas, qhov ntsuas ntawm lub neej expectancy nce significantly. Yog li, yog nyob rau xyoo 2005 nws yog 65.3 xyoos, tom qab ntawd ces xyoo 2006 nws loj hlob mus rau 66.8 xyoo. Rau cov txiv neej, thawj zaug txij li thaum xyoo 1998, qhov kev cia siab ntawm kev cia siab ua rau dhau hnub nyoog so haujlwm (retirement age) thiab 60.37 xyoo (piv rau 2005 ntxiv rau 1.5 xyoo), thiab rau cov poj niam 73,23 xyoo (plus 0.83 xyoo).

Xyoo 2007

Cov neeg nyob rau hauv Russia ntawm lub sij hawm no tau hloov me ntsis, vim hais tias txoj kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw muaj kev loj hlob - los ntawm 67,1 feem pua (103.7 txhiab tus neeg) piv rau xyoo dhau los. Vim qhov no, qhov teeb meem kev nyuab siab ua rau neeg raug mob. Thaum lub sij hawm xyoo, 1 lab 610.1 txhiab leej neeg yug, thiab 2 lab 080,4 txhiab. Tus nqi yug me nyuam yog 11.3, qhov tuag tau yog 14.6. Yog li, piv rau 2006, 130.5 txhiab (8.8%) tib neeg tau yug dua, thiab tuag ntawm 86.3 txhiab (4 feem pua) tsawg. Nyob rau hauv Lub Kaum Hlis 2007, ib daim ntawv teev cov me nyuam tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kaum tsib xyoos dhau los - 154.3 txhiab. Feem ntau, hauv txhua lub teb chaws ntawm lub teb chaws hauv xyoo 2007 tau muaj kev nce qib hauv cov hnub yug, ib qho kev nce qib tau pom hauv thaj chaw nees nkaum ib. Txawm hais tias nyob hauv Nroog Magadan, tus xov tooj ntawm cov me nyuam mos muaj coob dua li 1,820 leej los ntawm 1,825 rau xyoo dhau los, qhov poob ntawm 470,300 tus neeg, uas 212,100 poob ntawm cov neeg pej xeem.

Xyoo 2008

Qhov xwm txheej pej xeem tsis tu ncua ntxiv. Ib lab 713,9 txhiab leej neeg yug, thiab 2 lab 075,9 txhiab leej tuag. Tus nqi yug me nyuam yog 12 xyoos, qhov tuag tau yog 14.5. Lub ntuj poob yog 362 txhiab tus neeg, ntawm uas tus thawj txo nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem mus tas li yog 104,9 txhiab. Txoj kev tsiv teb tsaws me me tau qis me ntsis, tab sis tsuas yog me ntsis xwb: ntawm 258,2 txhiab rau 257,1 txhiab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws them nyiaj rau qhov kev poob ntawm cov neeg los ntawm xya caum-ib feem pua.

Xyoo 2009

Demographic indicators, dua, zoo tuaj. Ib vam 761,7 txhiab leej yug, thiab 2 lab 10,5 txhiab leej tuag. Tus nqi yug me nyuam yog 12.3, thiab tuag npaum li cas yog 14.1. Lub ntuj poob yog 249,4 txhiab tus neeg. Vim tias kev tsiv tsaim ntxiv, uas yog qhov nyiaj them poob qis, vim thawj zaug ntawm kaum tsib xyoo piv rau xyoo dhau los, cov pej xeem ntawm lub teb chaws tau nce thiab ntxiv rau 141 927 297 tus neeg hauv xyoo 2009, uas yog kwv yees li nees nkaum peb txhiab leej hauv xyoo 2008 Xyoo. Nyob rau hauv caum-xya lub cheeb tsam muaj ib qho kev nce hauv pes tsawg tus yug, nyob rau hauv xya caum tsib lub cheeb tsam muaj ib tug txo nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm cov tuag.

Xyoo 2010

Thaum lub sijhawm no, 1 lab 178,9 txhiab leej yug, 2 lab 28,5 txhiab leej tuag. Tus nqi yug me nyuam yog 12.5, tus tuag qhov tuag yog 14.2. Ib qho kev nce me ntsis hauv qhov kev tuag ntawm qhov sib piv nrog 2009 tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov kub tsis txawv txav uas ntaus rau Russia hauv lub Xya Hli Ntuj - Lub Yim Hli 2010. Lub ntuj poob, nyiaj mus rau 239,6 txhiab tus neeg, tau siab compensated los ntawm kev tsiv tsaim hauv lub tebchaws. Raws li peb twb paub lawm, xyoo 2010 tom qab cov pejxeem suav pejxeem tomqab tau ua tiav. Raws li nws, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nyob ntawm Russia yog 142 905 200 cov neeg.

Xyoo 2011

Nyob rau lub Ib Hlis Ntuj-Lub Plaub Hlis ntawm lub sij hawm hauv kev soj ntsuam, qhov nyiaj yug me nyuam poob li 14.1 feem pua piv rau tib lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo dhau los. Lub neej no tseem poob - yog 20.6 feem pua. Lub ntuj poob poob qis thiab nyiaj mus rau 129.1 txhiab tus neeg hauv ib lub xyoo. Kev tsiv mus los - 320,1 txhiab.

Xyoo 2012

Ib lab ntawm 902.1 txhiab leej neeg yug, uas yog 5,9 feem pua (105.5 txhiab) ntau tshaj li ntawm xyoo 2011. Tuag 1 lab 906.3 txhiab tus neeg, uas yog 1 feem pua (19,4 txhiab) tsawg dua hauv xyoo 2011. Lub natural poob tsuas yog 4251 neeg - nrog lub xyoo dhau los no yog ib qho txawv tangible. Kev nce qib kev loj hlob me ntsis poob - 294,9 txhiab. Nyob rau hauv plaub caug cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws muaj ib qho kev nce nruab nrab (hauv xyoo 2011 - tsuas yog nees nkaum-yim).

2013 xyoo

Thawj thawj zaug tau ntau xyoo, ntau tus neeg yug dua li tuag lawm. Txawm hais tias, piv rau xyoo 2012, muaj tsawg tus me nyuam mos - tsuas yog 1 lab 895.8 txhiab xwb, tab sis tsawg dua ntawm cov neeg tuag - 1 lab 871.8 txhiab. Yog li, qhov nce nce 24,013 neeg, nws twb tau pom nyob rau plaub caug-peb cheeb tsam ntawm Russia. Kev tsiv mus ncig teb chaws yuav nyob nruab nrab ntawm tib theem - 295.8 txhiab.

2014 xyoo

Qhov tseeb statistics yog muaj rau thaum lub Ib Hlis-Lub Ob Hlis 2014. Rau ob lub hlis, 301,5 txhiab tus neeg tau yug nyob rau hauv Russia, uas yog 391 tus neeg tsawg dua rau tib lub sijhawm ntawm xyoo 2013. Tuag 317,9 txhiab, uas yog 11 376 tsawg tshaj li ntawm lub Ib Hlis-Lub Ob Hlis 2013. Yog li ntawd, qhov poob ntawm kev poob siab mus txog 16 427 tus neeg, uas yog tsawg dua daim duab ntawm lub sij hawm dhau los - 27 412 tus neeg. Hauv peb caug plaub cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws muaj ib qho kev nce.

Lifespan

Ntawm chav kawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias muaj pes tsawg tus neeg nyob hauv Russia. Tab sis tsis muaj tsawg tseem nug: "Muaj pes tsawg tus neeg nyob hauv Russia?" Lub koom haum WHO nyob rau xyoo 2013 tau tshaj tawm tias cov pejxeem ntawm Central Asia thiab Europe, Cov txiv neej Lavxias muaj lub neej qis tshaj plaws. Lawv nyob nruab nrab tsuas yog mus txog 62.8 xyoo, uas yog heev tsis muaj hmoo. Rau kev sib piv: ntev tshaj plaws ntawm kev cia siab ntawm cov txiv neej yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg Ixayees - 80,1 xyoo. Hauv Spain, daim duab no yog 78.8 xyoos, thiab hauv UK - 78,4 xyoo.

Demographic nyom

Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm cov Federation of Russia tau ua tsis zoo hauv xyoo tas los, cov neeg Russians uas muaj hnub nyoog ua haujlwm qis qis, tab sis cov neeg laus yuav nce zuj zus tuaj. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau kwv yees tias nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, Russia yuav raug dhau los ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm nyiaj laus kev txhim kho, vim cov pej xeem ua hauj lwm yuav tsis muaj peev xwm muaj ib tug loj hlob muaj pes tsawg pensioners.

Tsis tas li xwb, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Xav Ntseeg yuav xav tias cov pejxeem coob tsawg tsawg, vim tias cov hnub yug hauv cov tsev neeg tsawg dua, cov neeg xav tau tsis pub ntau tshaj ib tus menyuam, qhov siab tshaj ob, uas yog qhov tseeb, muaj feem xyuam rau kev hloov pejxeem. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, piv txwv li, hauv cov tsev neeg Caucasian, qhov yug tus me nyuam muaj ntau dua, yog li ntawd, cov pejxeem nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov pej xeem yuav maj mam nce. Xws li ib qho teeb meem ua tsis tau tab sis lub tswb.

Txoj kev tawm tsuas yog pom hauv kev tsim cov qauv neeg ntawm kev noj qab nyob zoo, hauv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov pejxeem, hauv kev muab cov pej xeem zoo rau kev txhawb thiab cob qhia lawv cov me nyuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj cai tswjfwm muaj zog yuav tsum raug coj los txhim kho lub tsev neeg hauv txhua lub chaw ua haujlwm thiab txhua qhov chaw. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov poob ntawm qhov yug tus nqi yog ib qho teeb meem tsis tsuas yog ntawm Russia, tab sis kuj ntawm lub ntiaj teb nplai.