Caw Geometry - dab tsi yog lub dav hlau pem hauv ntej?

Kom tau ib lub tswv yim ntawm qhov kev kawm, siv nws cov duab ntawm ntawv los yog ib qho screen. Feem ntau cov duab ntawm ib yam khoom los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov tog tsis muab ib lub tswv yim ntawm nws daim ntawv, nws yuav tsum tau txais nws qhov projections ua ob los yog peb dav hlau. Txhawm rau lub txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem, cov dav hlau uas lub projection yog pob nyiaj yog perpendicular rau txhua lwm. Cia peb xav txog seb lub dav hlau zoo li cas. Nws muaj peb qho nyob rau hauv tag nrho, thiab lawv ua ib qho voos kaum ntawm qhov chaw hauv qhov chaw.

Txhua lub dav hlau ntawm qhov kev xav tau nws lub npe thiab cov ntawv xa. Lub dav hlau pib yog lub dav hlau ntawm qhov projections vertically ua ntej peb qhov muag. Rau clarity, qhov no yog lub dav hlau uas peb muaj txojkev, uas yog, lub dav hlau ntawm daim duab peb xaiv. Lub dav hlau pib qhia los ntawm Latin tsab ntawv V.

Lub dav hlau kab rov tav yog lub hauv ntej dav hlau. Figuratively hais lus, kab sab tav toj yog lub dav hlau uas lus dag hauv peb ko taw. Nws yog feem ntau yog los ntawm tsab ntawv H.

Qhov thib peb ntawm lub dav hlau dav dav ntawm qhov projections yog hu ua profile dav hlau. Zoo li lub dav hlau pem hauv ntej, nws vertically thiab ua kom muaj txoj cai kaum nrog ob lub dhau los. Xa mus rau lub profile dav hlau Latin tsab ntawv W.

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm peb lub dav hlau, qhov co ntawm cov kab x, y, z yog tsim. Qhov no nrog perpendicular rays nrog ib qho kab los sib ntsib ntawm cov kev tshuam ntawm peb cov dav hlau ntawm projection, denoted los ntawm tsab ntawv O.

Yuav kom tau txais ib qho duab ntxiv ntawm ib yam khoom, koj xav muab cov duab los ntawm peb lub ntsej muag muag sab nraud. Ua li no, ob lub ntsej muag ntawm lub kaum sab xis yog nthuav dav thiab nrog rau peb. Lub dav hlau nyob hauv qhov chaw, qhov dav hlau rov tav 90 ° ntawm txoj kab x xi, qhov dav hlau dav tig 90 ° rau sab xis ntawm txoj kab z axis. Yog li, ob lub dav hlau dhau los ua ke nrog lub dav hlau pem hauv ntej (lub dav hlau tav toj nyob hauv qab nws, qhov profile yog nyob sab xis).

Nyob rau hauv txhua qhov chaw geometry, txhua qhov chaw nyob hauv cov duab kos yuav tsum tau muab teev tseg rau hauv cov kev sib txawv: qhov projections ntawm peb lub ntsiab lus tsis dag ntawm ib txoj kab ncaj nraim, qhov kev sib tw ntawm txoj kab thiab qhov chaw nyob sab nraud nws, thiab tseem qhov projections ntawm cov kab sib txuas los yog kev sib tshuam.

Txog cov kev dav dav ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb, lub dav hlau yuav tsum ua raws li cov haujlwm hauv qab no:

1. Nws tuaj yeem yog tsis-perpendicular rau lawv tsis. Tom qab ntawd nws yog li-hu ua. Dav hlau ntawm txoj hauj lwm.

2. Nws muaj peev xwm ua tau rau ib qho ntawm peb lub dav hlau. Hauv qhov no, nws yog hu ua horizontally-projecting, profile-projecting los yog front-projecting, feem, lub dav hlau uas nws yog perpendicular.

3. Lub dav hlau yuav mus ncaj nraim mus rau ob qho ntawm lawv thiab mus rau ib feem peb. Tom qab ntawd nws yog hu ua frontal, kab rov tav lossis profile, feem.

Ib txoj kab ncaj nraim tuaj yeem nyob rau cov haujlwm hauv qab no nrog rau lub dav hlau:

1. Yuav tsum rau nws.

2. Kom nws ua tib zoo mloog.

3. Hla lub dav hlau (rooj plaub tshwj xeeb - nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug neeg saib)

Lub dav hlau muaj kab loj, uas yog hu ua horizontals thiab khov kho. Cov no yog cov kab uas dag hauv lub dav hlau thiab yog cov uas tig mus rau cov dav hlau dav ntawm qhov projections.

Ib lub dav hlau tuaj yeem sawv cev tau rau hauv daim ntawv hu ua. Ib txoj kab ntawm lub dav hlau, uas yog, cov kab uas nws sib tshuam nrog cov dav hlau ntawm qhov projections. Ib txoj kab ntawm lub dav hlau tseem hu ua kab rov tav, lub ntsiab lus thiab qhov profile. Ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tshuam nrog lub dav hlau ntawm cov kab khiav ntawm cov kab xev, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev sib tshuam ntawm kev sib nraus ntawm kev siv dav hlau uas tshwm sim, uas feem ntau hu ua cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov dav hlau.

Kab rov tav thiab sab nraub av ntawm lub dav hlau ntawm cov dav hlau ntawm qhov projections coincide nrog lawv qhov projections ntawm tib lub npe. Nws kuj yuav tsum tau hais tias txhua txoj kab ntawm ntug kev ntawm tib lub dav hlau sib npaug thiab sib luag nrog nws cov kab khiav rov tav, thiab ib qho ntawm nws txoj kev ntshaw kuj yog ib qho ua ke mus tib seem thiab sib luag mus rau nws lub hauv paus.