Muab platelet ntau lawm. Qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm platelets

Tus me tshaj cov ntshav yog platelets. Lawv zoo li ib tug nuclear-free drives. Lawv txoj kab uas hla yog yuav mus rau 4 microns, thiab cov thickness - mus txog rau 0.75 microns. Txhua liter ntawm tib neeg cov ntshav platelet volume yog los ntawm 180 mus 350 x 10 ^9.

Txoj kev lub tsos ntawm platelets

Platelets tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub fragmentation ntawm lub cytoplasm. Lawv sib cais los ntawm ib tug lossis loj hloov hlwb pob txha hlwb - megakaryocytes. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm endomitosis. Tom qab sib cais tshwm sim 3-5 mus, thaum lub sij hawm uas tus chromosomes yog ob npaug, tab sis lub cytoplasm yog tsis muab faib. Qhov no txoj kev ua hauj lwm hu ua tsis tiav division.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias cov qhov chaw ntawm tsim ntawm platelets - ib tug liab hloov hlwb pob txha. Los ntawm no lawv tawm mus thiab nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Tab sis ib feem peb ntawm lawv nyob rau ib zaug tso rau hauv tus po. Qhov no yog vim lub qeeb qeeb lawv zog thoob plaws lub meandering cords po. Qhov seem 2/3 yog circulating nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm ib tug nruab nrab ntawm xya hnub. Maximum txoj sia luv yuav ncav cuag 12 hnub.

Lub nucleation daim hlau

Yuav kom to taub li cas muaj qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntshav, nws yog tsim nyog los paub tsis tau tsuas yog qhov chaw ntawm platelet tsim. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib lub txwv zeej txwv koob megakaryoblasts. Qhov no loj cell loj uas yog 20 microns nrog cov tub ntxhais. Nws muaj nucleotides. Megakaryoblasts transformed rau hauv promegakaryocyte. Qhov no qauv yog nquag polimorfizu nucleus, cytoplasm nws grain-dawb, basophilic.

Cov theem tom ntej ntawm txoj kev loj hlob yog cov megakaryocyte. Qhov no enormous ntawm tes rau hauv cov pob txha hlwb, lub lub cheeb ntawm uas yog los ntawm 60 mus rau 120 microns. Nws yog ib tug ntxhib ntxhais, uas muaj peev xwm coj ib tug heev txawv daim ntawv no. Lub cytoplasm nws yog loj nyob rau hauv loj, nws yog ib tug granular inclusions ntawm liab thiab liab doog.

Lub penultimate theem yog cov tsos ntawm megakaryocyte trombotsitogennogo. Qab nws twb zoo tu qab tso ncaj qha platelets. Lawv sib cais los ntawm lub cytoplasm megakaryocyte. Tag nrho cov no yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub hlwb pob txha yog thawj qhov chaw ntawm platelet tsim.

rho tawm daim hlau

Trombotsitogennye megakaryocytes nyob rau hauv lub hlwb pob txha nyob rau hauv lub endothelial nto, hu ua lub qhov ntswg. Lawv cytoplasmic dab dhau los ntawm nws. Ib txhia ntawm lawv txeem mus rau hauv lub qhov ntswg lumen 1-2 microns thiab tsau rau megakaryocyte endothelium. Lawv yuav tsum pab raws li cov thauj tog rau nkoj. Lwm yam dab - ib tug ntev cytoplasmic daim kab xev ntev los txog rau 120 microns. Lawv kis tau los ntawm lumen ntawm lub qhov ntswg. Lawv yog cov hu ua prothrombocytes. Txhua megakaryocyte yuav tsum yog los ntawm 6 mus rau 8.

hauv zos yuav txo tau ntawm cytoplasm pib nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntswg lumen. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nws yog ib tawg thiab muaj yog kwv yees li 1000 tus neeg platelets. Qhov no qhov chaw platelet tsim tsis txawm kav. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha kuj poob prothrombocytes. Lawv mus txog lub ntsws microvasculature, muaj yog tso tawm tag nrho cov qe ua ntshav khov. Uas yog vim li cas muaj ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub pulmonary leeg tshaj nyob rau hauv lub sib nug xov cov hlab ntsha. Nws yog zoo tshaj plaws uas lawv yuav tsum tau tsim txawm los ntawm 7 mus rau 17% ntawm lub qe ua ntshav khov dua los ntawm cov hlab ntsha.

hom hlwb

Kws txawj paub qhov txawv ob peb ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntshav. Nyias cais hluas platelets. Piv nrog rau mature ntaub ntawv lawv txawv los ntawm kuj loj loj, sib zeb thiab xiavlus gialomer. Lawv tsim influences tam hlwb pob txha, nws yog feem ntau txuam nrog tseem ceeb ntshav poob.

Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv tsos thiab qub platelets. nyob rau hauv lub tshuab kuaj kab duab tso cai rau peb kom peb xav txog hais tias lawv muaj ib tug nqaim ntug, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm vacuoles thiab granules. Lawv txawv lus nkhaus, ceev granulomerom uas yuav nyob rau hauv tag nrho platelet. Ntev li lawv tus xov tooj qhia cov tsos ntawm ib tug kab mob qog hlav.

Nyias, zoo tu qab tso ntaub ntawv ntawm voos. Nws otshnurovaniya los ntawm megakaryocytes tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev ua txhaum ntawm kev sib cais txheej txheem. Lawv muaj tim khawv rau cov kab mob ntawm cov ntshav. Lawv feem ntau zoo li me me los yog, conversely, giant platelets tib neeg cov ntshav.

Feem ntau, cov ntshav yuav tsum tau ntau tshaj li 90% ntawm cov paub tab hauv daim ntawv ntawm platelets. Lawv muaj ib tug discoidal zoo nrog ntse hau, granulomerom centrally txheej txheem, uas muaj 5-20 azurophilic granules, lilac gialomerom.

kev ntawm lub neej

Tshwm nyob rau hauv lub hlwb pob txha, hlwb tawm lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm platelet tsim. Los ntawm txoj kev, lawv cov khoom yog cai trombotsitopoetinami. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, tshwm sim tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub hlwb pob txha, tab sis kuj tus po thiab lub siab. Kws txawj qhia ob trombotsitopoetinov pab pawg neeg. Lawv yuav ua tau ntev ntev los yog luv luv-term kev txiav txim. Cov Thawj zaug ntawm lawv yeej txhawb tag nrho maturation thiab ntau yam ntawm megakaryocytes, thiab rau tom kawg txhim khu lub cleavage ntawm cov me me daim hlau thiab leeb lawv allergic rau hauv cov ntshav.

Platelets yuav raug rhuav tshem, uas nws cov duab yuav pom nyob rau ntau ua, nyob rau nruab nrab, ib lub lim tiam lag luam. Qhov no txoj kev yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw tsuas yog nyob rau hlwb pob txha, tab sis kuj decompose cov ntshav nyob rau hauv tus po thiab lub siab. Cov kev puas tsuaj yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub system ntawm tshwj xeeb hlwb hu ua macrophages.

qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv

Txhua mature platelet yuav muab faib ua peb qhov chaw. Lub peripheral ib feem yog cov peb-txheej membrane. Nws muaj receptors rau collagen, serotonin, thrombin, epinephrine, ADP. Nyob rau txheej feem ntawm daim nyias nyias yog tshwj xeeb amorphous txheej uas muaj cov yam tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm rau lub txhaws ntawm cov ntshav ntshav.

Middle txheej yog ib tug huab-gel. Muaj tshwj xeeb raws nrog kev nkag tau mus rau sab nraum ntawm daim nyias nyias. Tsis tas li ntawd microfilaments txheej comprises ib them nyiaj ntawm disc-zoo li tus daim hlau. Cov khoom ntawm no ib feem ntawm lub platelet nyob ntawm yuav ua li cas yuav ua tau ib tug retraction ntawm ib tug ntshav los khov rau ntawd.

Tsis tas li ntawd cais organelles tsam. Nws muaj glycogen thiab alpha-granules, tuab lub cev, lub mitochondria.

zog

Kawm tau li cas yuav tshwm sim piav me me ntawm cov ntshav, ntau yog pib xav li cas ua rau platelets. Lawv yog npaj mus koom nyob rau hauv hemostasis, pab kho puas cov hlab ntsha. Qhov no yog ua tau ua tsaug rau lub fact tias lawv muaj peev xwm raug txuas mus rau lub puas phab ntsa thiab restore lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlwb yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv kom txhob los ntshav thiab cov thawj zis lom kua los ntawm cov hlab ntsha.

Muab tua ntawm hais tias platelet zog zog: adhesion thiab aggregation. Li ntawd, hu rau lawv lub peev xwm yuav tsum tau txuas mus rau subendothelium thiab lo ua ke.