Mnemosyne thiab Muse ntawm Ancient Greece

Nyob rau hauv European kab lis kev cai, nws yog ntseeg hais tias thaum lub kws sau paj lug condescends kev tshoov siab, nws txhais tau tias nws xa mus nws muse. Monuments ntawm kws txuj ci tseem ceeb thiab cov neeg sau paj yeeb feem ntau tau nthuav tawm nrog ib tus kaus poom. Tiam sis ob peb paub tias nyob rau hauv ancient muse Greece tau tshwm sim tsis tsuas yog los ntawm poets thiab composers, tab sis txawm los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb. Feem ntau, lub ancient Greeks ntseeg tias tag nrho cov kev txawj ntse - los ntawm Vajtswv, thiab xa mus rau cov neeg los ntawm saum toj no, cov gods. Uas yog lawv, cov suab paj nruag ntawm ancient tim Nkij teb chaws?

Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov muses yog ib lub ntsiab lus nyiam nyob rau hauv lub Ancient Greek thiab Roman theogony. Nws devoted ntau txoj haujlwm thiab txawm cov paj huam (xws li, piv txwv li, "Metamorphoses" Ovid). Muaj tseeb, keeb kwm ntawm cov muses nyob rau hauv kev nthuav qhia ntawm ntau sau phau ntawv sib txawv me ntsis los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Hesiod (VII caug xyoo BC) hauv nws "Theog" qhia tias cov neeg Miskas qub yog tus ntxhais ntawm tus vajntxwv ntawm cov tswv ntuj Olympic ntawm Zeus tus ntxhais thiab tus vajtswv nco txog Mnemosyne. Ua rau tus tswv yug yaj Zeus tau ntxias Mnemosyne, uas nyob nrog nws rau 9 hmo, thiab vim li ntawd tau yug 9 leej ntxhais.

Tab sis kuj muaj lwm yam kev cai dab tsi hais txog tias muv ntawm ancient tim Nkij teb chaws yug. Raws li Alkman thiab Mimnerus, lawv yog cov ntxhais ntawm Gaia thiab Uranus. Yog li, lawv yog vim li cas rau uranidam-ntau ancient gods tshaj kronids (Olympic gods). Lwm yam kev txuam rau lawv keeb kwm ntawm tus vajtswv pojniam Harmony (uas, tig rov mus rau tus ntxhais ntawm vajtswv pojniam ntawm kev zoo nkauj Aphrodite). Lo lus "muse" txhais tau tias yog ib zaj nkauj los yog paj huam. Tag nrho cov lus piav qhia ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov muses nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev los yog lwm txoj kev sib raug zoo rau kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Zeus nrog Titans (uranides) thiab tsim tawm ntawm nws lub hwj chim - txoj cai ntawm Olympic gods. Mnemosyne yog khaws lub cim xeeb ntawm cov nws exploits thiab muab nws rau nws cov xeeb ntxwv. Nyob rau hauv ancient Greek city-state of Leybadei muaj txawm tias dawb huv los ntawm Mnemosyne, thiab txhua tus neeg uas haus los ntawm nws tau paub txog ntawm qhov chaw thiab pib.

Duab ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam ntawm lub cim xeeb Mnemosyne feem ntau yog surrounded los ntawm nws cuaj ntxhais. Leej twg yog cov muzes ntawm ancient tim Nkij teb chaws thiab neeg (patrons) ntawm lawv yog dab tsi? Txhua tus ntawm 9 tus muam nkauj muam muaj nws tus cwj pwm, uas yooj yim rau yus paub. Clio yog lub Patroness ntawm keeb kwm yog portrayed nrog cov style (stick mus rau tsab ntawv) thiab scroll mus rau lub laurel wreath (raws li yog nkag mus nyob rau hauv lub annals ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub npe ntawm heroes). Erato nrog lyre symbolizes lyric paj huam, thiab nws tus viv ncaus Euterpe, ib txwm muaj xwm txheej nrog lub raj nplawm thiab cov paj ntoo ntawm paj, yog nkauj lyrical. Calliope, cov suab paj nruag ntawm txuj ci thiab paj huam epicry, muaj tib yam cwj pwm li Clio. Lub taub hau ntawm lub siab tawv Melpomene, lub suab paj nruag ntawm qee, yog crowned nrog ib tug wreath ntawm ivy, thiab nyob rau hauv nws ob txhais tes nws tuav ib tug tragic daim npog, thaum Talia portrayed nrog ib tug ntsej muag luag, raws li nws patronizes comedies. Kev seev cev suab paj nruag ntawm Terpsichore yog qhia txog kev lyre thiab plectrum fluttering hauv cov seev cev. Ob lub suab paj nruag tom kawg yog: Urania nrog daim duab qhia txog lub voj voog saum ntuj ceeb tsheej thiab lub compass (mus ntawm astronomy) thiab Polyhymnia, tus patroness ntawm rhetoric, uas tuav lub Royal scepter, raws li oratory yog superior rau lwm tus. Tab sis xav paub ntau tshaj patronage thiab cov cim ntawm cov muses thaum kawg tsim hauv Renaissance.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab ntawm Ancient Greece (II xyoo pua BC), qhov tswvyim hais ua dabneeg ntawm peb Muses tau tsim: Aide (nkauj), Melet (xyaum) thiab Mneme (nco). Tom qab ntawd, lawv tau pib xav txog tias muaj 4 leeg: Telpsikor, Melet, Aod thiab Arsha. Cicero hais tias 7 mus li: Neilo, Triton, Heptapora, Asopo, Aheloy, Rhodia thiab Tipoplo. Nws twb ntseeg tau tias lub Muses ntawm ancient Greece nyob rau dawb ceev Mount Helicon, thiab mejyig lawv hnub vajtswv thiab Apollo Arts, uas yog vim li cas lub xeem thiab tau txais lub npe menyuam yaus "Musaget" (tus neeg tsav tsheb ntawm cov Muses). Tam sim no lawv feem ntau yog neeg saib xyuas raws li cov tsiaj qus zoo nkauj, hnav ris tsho tsuas yog me ntsis, mus cuag cov kws sau paj huam los hu nkauj. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub ancient ntiaj teb no , lawv twb deities, instructing neeg daruyuschimi lawv cov kev paub thiab kev txawj ntse, glorifying cov kev cai txuas yav dhau los thiab tam sim no.