Mercuric chloride (corrosive sublimate): Kev npaj, khoom thiab cov kev siv

Nws yog tsis muaj daim card uas mercury tebchaw no mas lom thiab tshuaj lom. Nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, lawv yuav txwv tsis pub rau siv nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov kev zoo nkauj khoom, thiab nyob rau hauv Canada yog muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov feem ntau tej tshuaj. Txawm li cas los, lawv yog lug siv nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj lag luam rau cov siv thiab ua cov dyes, fungicides, yas, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj thiab technology. Ib tug ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm tshuaj yog mercury chloride (II), uas yog zoo dua lub npe hu nyob rau hauv nws ob lub npe - sublimate. Cia saib no kev twb kev txuas rau ntau yam.

Formula thiab cov khoom

Mercury chloride 2-valent xws HgCl _2. Qhov no compound yog ib tug dawb crystalline hmoov. Thaum ib tug kub 277˚ C nws pib yaj, thiab thaum 304˚S - kub. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob (25 ° C) muaj ib tug ntom ntawm 5,43 g / cm ^3. Mercuric chloride sublimes yooj yim raws appreciable volatility. Lub solubility ntawm mercuric chloride nyob rau hauv dej lom zem ntau nyob ntawm nws kub. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 20 ° C, qhov no daim duab no tsuas yog 6.6%, tab sis nws yog tsim nyog los ua dej rau ib tug boil (100 ° C) thiab nws nce mus txog 58,3%. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj mercury muaj peev xwm sawv chloride yaj nyob rau hauv ether, acids, pyridine; NaCl daws nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem no yog nrog los ntawm cov tsim ntawm complex tebchaw. HgCl ₂ ua tus ntsha yog zoo nkauj tsis muaj zog. Nyob rau hauv nruab hnub nrig, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog organic tebchaw, lub tshuaj yog nkag txo kom cuprous chloride Hg ₂ Cl ₂ (calomel) thiab nws yog xim hlau mercury.

txais tos

Nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau ntawm mercury chloride (II) yog tam sim no ua xwb los ntawm txoj kev ncaj qha synthesis ntawm cov mercury thiab chlorine. Ib tug thib ob txoj kev muab muaj nyob rau hauv dissolving mercuric HgO nyob rau hauv feeb meej hydrochloric acid (HCl). Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, nws yog siv tsis tshua, feem ntau - nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm nqa tawm laboratory kev ntsuam xyuas. Nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv, cov mercury yog rhuab nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntawm tshuaj mus rau ib tug kub kub (txog 340˚S) ces zes thiab hlawv nrog tsim ntawm ib tug blue-dawb nplaim taws. Cov uas ua vapors yog condensed thaum lub sij hawm txias thiab, nyob ntawm seb lub cuab yeej ntawm tau, tsim ib cov hmoov zoo los yog khoom daim.

daim ntawv thov

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias mercuric chloride yog thawj zaug tshuaj rau lub hauv paus ntawm Hg, uas pib yuav tsum tau siv raws li ib tug antiseptic thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, mercuric chloride yog heev npaum, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yog heev tshuaj lom. Nws yog peev xwm yuav absorbed los ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab qog ua kua week thiab noog nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Nyuam qhuav pib, thaum cov neeg tsis tau paub txog cov kev txaus ntshai nyiag ua los ntawm mercury chloride, nws siv los mus kho daim tawv nqaij kab mob. Tam sim no, nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj nws yog siv ntau rau cov khaub ncaws tua, ntxhua khaub ncaws, noj qab haus huv cov khoom, thiab lwm yam Vim qhov no tshuaj yog heev tshuaj lom, nws lub ntsiab muaj feem ntau qhia tshwj xeeb uas dyed rau mej twb tsis tov nrog lwm yam tshuaj.

Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, cov mercury chloride yog siv nyob rau hauv electroforming, ntoo preservation, thaum lub sij hawm thermal metallization thiab bronzing. Mercuric chloride yog siv rau qhov siv thiab ua cov roj teeb, xim tsev rau lub underwater hulls ntawm ships. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tanning ntawm tawv, lithography, photography, raws li ib tug insecticide, etc.