Main kev ntawm cell kev ua si

Lub cell - lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob. Los ntawm nws lub xeev nyob rau cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kev ua si, muaj peev xwm hloov mus rau ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob. hlwb subordinated tseem ceeb heev dab tej regularities. Cov theem ntawm kev ua si ntawm txhua flow nyob rau lub neej voj voog theem. Ib tug tag nrho ntawm ob cais: interphase thiab division (M theem). Tus thawj yuav siv sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm tsim ntawm lub hlwb thiab lawv tuag los yog faib. Thaum lub sij hawm interphase nquag mus yuav luag tag nrho cov loj lub neej kev ntawm lub hlwb: khoom noj khoom haus , ua tsis taus pa, kev loj hlob, txob taus, tsab ntawv tsa suab. cell tu tub tu kiv yog nqa tawm tsuas yog nyob hauv lub theem M.

lub sij hawm ntawm interphase

Thaum cell loj hlob ntawm kev sib cais yog muab faib ua ob peb theem:

• presynthetic los yog G-theem 1 - thawj zaug rau theem: synthesis ntawm cov tub txib RNA, cov nqaijrog thiab ib co lwm yam cellular ntsiab;
• hluavtaws los yog theem S: doubling ntawm DNA;
• postsynthetic, los yog G-2 theem: kev npaj rau mitosis.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib co ntawm cov hlwb nres tsis ua faib tom qab ntau yam zoo. Nyob rau hauv lawv tsis muaj interphase ntawm G-1. Lawv thiaj li hu ua so theem (G-0).

metabolism

Raws li twb tau hais, lub neej kev ntawm nyob hlwb rau qhov cov nqa mus qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm interphase. Lub ntsiab ntawm lawv yog cov metabolism. Ua tsaug rau nws tshwm sim tsis tau tsuas yog ntau yam nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tiam sis kuj intercellular dab txuas qauv nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib lub cev.

metabolism muaj ib tug tej yam tswvyim. cell lub neej dab lom zem ntau yog nyob ntawm seb nws ua raws cai, cov tsis muaj tej yam zoo ntawm kev ua txhaum nyob rau hauv nws. Teeb meem ua ntej tej yam nyob rau hauv lub intracellular ib puag ncig, yuav tsum txeem los ntawm daim nyias nyias. Tom qab ntawd lawv raug mus rau ib tug tej yam ua nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm noj los yog ua tsis taus pa. Nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no theem ntawm cov zauv lub resulting khoom uas siv rau lub synthesis ntawm cov tshiab ntsiab los yog transformation ntawm uas twb muaj lawm lug. Seem tom qab tag nrho cov transformations ntawm metabolic khoom uas hais tias muaj teeb meem rau lub hlwb los yog tsuas yog ua tsis tau nws, rho tawm hauv cov sab nraud ib puag ncig.

Assimilation thiab dissimilation

Cai ntawm ib tug zoo ib yam hloov ntawm transformations ntawm ib co tshuaj mus rau hauv lwm tus neeg muab kev koom tes enzymes. Lawv pab mus rau ntau sai lub khiav ntawm kev dab, i.e. ua raws li catalysts. Txhua xws "tsuj roj" muaj feem xyuam rau xwb cov transformation txheej txheem coj kev qhia nyob rau hauv ib tug coj. Tus tshiab khiv tsim tshuaj ntau raug mus rau lwm cov enzymes uas ua rau kom lawv ntxiv transformation.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tag nrho cov hlwb uas tseem ceeb heev dab nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev los sis lwm kev cob cog rua nrog ob tug opposite tiam sis: assimilation thiab dissimilation. Rau cov kev pauv ntawm lawv cov kev sis raug zoo tshuaj, tshuav nyiaj li cas, los yog ib tug confrontation yog lub hauv paus. Ntau yam tshuaj tau txais los ntawm sab nraum yog hloov dua siab tshiab los ntawm enzymes nyob rau hauv lub customary thiab tsim nyog rau cov cell. Cov khoom cua transformations yog hu ua assimilation. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, rau tej kev tshua yuav tsum tau zog. Nws qhov chaw yog cov txheej txheem ntawm dissimilation, los yog kev puas tsuaj. Lub disintegration neeg sawv cev yog nrog los ntawm kev tso cai ntawm lub zog yuav tsum tau rau lub hlwb yuav tshwm sim yooj yim kev ntawm lub neej. Dissimilation yeej txhawb lub tsim ntawm ib tug yooj yim tshuaj, uas yog ces siv rau lub tshiab synthesis. Ib feem ntawm cov decomposition khoom li tso tawm kom pom.

Cov kev ntawm cell ua si txuam feem ntau nrog rau cov nqi koj tshuav ntawm synthesis thiab decomposition. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev loj hlob yog tau nrog ib tug predominance ntawm assimilation tshaj dissimilation. Interestingly, lub endlessly loj hlob ntawm tes tsis tau: nws tso cia tej txwv, tshaj ntawd uas txoj kev loj hlob nres.

allergic

Thauj los ntawm cov ambient ib puag ncig ntawm tshuaj mus rau hauv lub cell yog ua passively thiab nquag. Nyob rau hauv lub yav tas los cov ntaub ntawv hloov lwm lub tsev ua tau vim diffusion thiab osmosis. Active thauj yog nrog los ntawm cov expenditure ntawm lub zog thiab feem ntau tshwm sim txawm teev dab. Yog li, piv txwv li, poov tshuaj ions txeem. Lawv txhaj mus rau hauv lub cell, txawm yog hais tias lawv concentration nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm tshaj lub theem nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam.

Paub meej ntawm tshuaj muaj feem xyuam rau cov neeg kawm ntawv uas permeability ntawm lub cell daim nyias nyias. Yog li, cov ntaub ntawv organic poob mus rau hauv lub cytoplasm lighter tshaj inorganic. Nws yog teem rau lub permeability thiab luaj li cas ntawm molecules. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaj chaw ntawm daim nyias nyias yog nyob raws li qhov physiological lub xeev ntawm cov cell thiab tej nta xws li kub thiab lub teeb.

khoom noj khoom haus

Lub nkag teb chaws ntawm tshuaj los ntawm qhov ib puag ncig yog muab kev koom tes haum zoo-kawm dab ntawm lub neej: cell kev ua pa thiab nws lub hwj chim. Cov yav tas yog nqa ntawm pinocytosis thiab phagocytosis. Lub mechanism ntawm ob dab yog zoo sib xws, tab sis thaum lub sij hawm pinocytosis entrained me me thiab tsawg tuab hais. Cov molecules absorbed los ntawm ib yam khoom uas adsorbed membrane muaj cuab los ntawm tshwj xeeb outgrowths thiab plunge nrog lawv mus rau hauv lub hlwb. Cov no cov channel, thiab ces mam li tawm cov daim nyias nyias hlwv uas muaj siav hais. Maj mam, lawv yog raug zam los ntawm lub plhaub. Tom ntej no, tus hais raug heev nyob ze rau qhov zom cov zaub mov cov txheej txheem. Tom qab ib tug series ntawm transformations tshuaj phua rau hauv yooj yim thiab siv tau rau lub synthesis ntawm lub ntsiab tsim nyog cell. Nyob rau hauv no ib feem ntawm lwm yam kev tshuaj muab nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam, raws li tsis raug ntxiv ua los siv.

ua tsis taus pa

Fais fab - tsis yog txoj kev uas yeej txhawb cov tsos ntawm cov cell tsim nyog hais. inherently ua tsis taus pa nrog lawv yog heev uas zoo sib xws. Nws muaj ib tug series ntawm sib law liag transformations ntawm carbohydrates, lipids thiab cov amino acids, uas tshwm sim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tshiab tshuaj: carbon dioxide thiab dej. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj yog ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem yog ua zog, uas yog muab los ntawm lub cell nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ATP thiab lwm yam sib txuas.

Nrog rau kev koom tes ntawm cov pa

tib neeg cell lub neej dab, raws li tau zoo raws li ntau lwm yam kab mob, yog yam ua tsis tag tsis muaj aerobic respiration. Lub ntsiab yam khoom uas tsim nyog rau nws yog oxygen. Lub liberation ntawm ntau-uas yuav tsum tau muaj zog, raws li zoo raws li lub tsim ntawm tshiab tshuaj yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm oxidation.

ua tsis taus pa txheej txheem yog muab faib mus rau hauv ob ua sawv:

• glycolysis;

• oxygen tsis nyob ntev.

Glycolysis - lub splitting ntawm zib nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm ntawm lub cell los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm enzymes uas tsis muaj oxygen. Nws yog ib tug series ntawm kaum ib successive tshua. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ib tug qauv ntawm cov zib yog tsim ob molecules ntawm ATP. Lub lwj cov khoom nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub caij nplooj zeeg mus rau hauv lub mitochondria qhov twg oxygen theem pib. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ob peb tshua tsim carbon dioxide, ntxiv ATP molecules thiab hydrogen atoms. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, lub hlwb yuav muab tau los ntawm ib tug qauv ntawm cov zib 38 ATP molecules. Nws yog vim hais tias ntawm lub loj npaum li cas ntawm cia zog aerobic ua pa thiab yog pom tias ntau npaum.

co pa

Rau cov kab mob peculiar mus rau lwm hom ntawm kev ua pa. Lawv siv cov pa es tsis txhob ntawm sulfates, nitrates, thiab li ntawd. Qhov no hom ntawm kev ua pa tsis tshua zoo, tiam sis, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Vim co kab mob nqa biogeochemical leej faj voj voog, nitrogen thiab sodium. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, dab yog zoo li cov pa ua tsis taus pa. Tom qab kaw ntawm glycolysis tsim tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv lub fermentation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, qhov tshwm sim ntawm uas tej zaum yuav ethyl cawv los yog lactic acid.

txob taus

Lub cell yog lossi interacting nrog cov ib puag ncig. Lo lus teb rau tej yam ntawm ntau yam lwm yam hu ua txob taus. Nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub hlwb nyob rau hauv lub xeev txoj kev hloov thiab lub rov tshwm sim ntawm excitable tshua. Hom kev teb rau lwm cawv txawv nyob ntawm seb tej yam ntxwv. Nqaij hlwb teb contraction, caj pas hlwb - tso ib daim card, thiab cov neurons - paj impulse tiam. Uas txob taus underlies ntau physiological dab. Ua tsaug rau nws, piv txwv li, nqa lub paj hlwb tswj neurons yuav kis tsis tau tsuas yog lub excitation ntawm tib lub hlwb, tiam sis kuj hais txog lwm yam kev ntaub so ntswg.

division

Yog li, muaj ib tug cyclic Circuit Court. hlwb tseem ceeb heev dab nyob rau ntawd yog pheej rov qab ua thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho lub sij hawm ntawm interphase thiab muaj cai yog cell tuag los yog nws cov kev faib. Self-tu tub tu kiv yog tus yuam sij rau lub preservation ntawm lub neej raws li ib tug tag nrho tom qab lub disappearance ntawm ib tug kab mob. Thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb tshaj cov assimilation dissimilation, tus nqi yog loj hlob sai dua qhov chaw. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub cell lub neej dab yog slowed down, pib ib tug profound transformation, nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm uas lub hlwb nyob yog tsis yooj yim sua, nws mus txog rau lub division. hlwb tshiab nrog muaj peev xwm thiab cov metabolism hauv yog tsim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm tus txheej txheem.

Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los qhia rau uas hlwb yog dab ntawm lub neej yog lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Lawv yog cov tag nrho cov sib xyaw thiab yog meaningless nyob rau hauv kev rho tawm los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Slim thiab streamlined lag luam mechanism uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cell, ib zaug dua ntaqwm kev txawj ntse thiab grandeur ntawm qhov.